fix(repo): update devcontainer.json to use latest Node LTS (20.x.x)…

[tinesoft]

… and improved initial setup

Current Behavior

As reported and discussed in the Nx Champion discord channel, right now, running a command lke nx test js within Nx repo opened inside a DevContainer, fails with the following error:

 Test suite failed to run

    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by /workspaces/nx/packages/nx/src/native/nx.linux-x64-gnu.node)

      180 |           try {
      181 |             if (localFileExisted) {
    > 182 |               nativeBinding = require('./nx.linux-x64-gnu.node')
          |                               ^
      183 |             } else {
      184 |               nativeBinding = require('@nx/nx-linux-x64-gnu')
      185 |             }

      at CompileFunctionRuntime._loadModule (../../node_modules/.pnpm/jest-runtime@29.5.0/node_modules/jest-runtime/build/index.js:1009:29)
      at Object.<anonymous> (../nx/src/native/index.js:182:31)
      at Object.<anonymous> (../nx/src/hasher/task-hasher.ts:23:1)
      at Object.<anonymous> (../nx/src/hasher/hash-task.ts:4:1)
      at Object.<anonymous> (../nx/src/tasks-runner/task-orchestrator.ts:20:1)
      at Object.<anonymous> (../nx/src/tasks-runner/default-tasks-runner.ts:2:1)
      at Object.<anonymous> (../nx/src/devkit-exports.ts:223:1)
      at Object.<anonymous> (../devkit/index.ts:15:1)
      at Object.<anonymous> (src/generators/release-version/utils/resolve-local-package-dependencies.spec.ts:1:1)

This was due to outdated native libraires (here GLIBC) in the underlying (Debian) OS of the base Docker Image
used by the devcontainer (https://hub.docker.com/_/microsoft-devcontainers-typescript-node)

Expected Behavior

Opening Nx repo within a devcontainer should work fine as it was initially.

This PR:

• Updated the Node version to latest LTS (20.x.x)
• Automated the udpate of the OS, to prevent aforementioned issue and include security patches
• Use --frozen-lockfile when post installing npm dependencies,
• Improved other settings in the devcontainer (default extensions installed, some settings)

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1 Ignored Deployment

Name	Status	Preview	Updated (UTC)
nx-dev	⬜️ Ignored (Inspect)	Visit Preview	Nov 3, 2023 5:49am

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⌛ The following targets are in progress

• nx affected --target=e2e --base=9c0e6a1a983189723b6786e751097d9c1e87a24e --head=b1c715dc1da6971095a1a6503c68901330bcf166 --parallel=1
• nx affected --targets=lint,test,build --base=9c0e6a1a983189723b6786e751097d9c1e87a24e --head=b1c715dc1da6971095a1a6503c68901330bcf166 --parallel=3

✅ Successfully ran 4 targets

• nx run-many -t check-imports check-commit check-lock-files check-codeowners documentation --parallel=1 --no-dte
• nx-cloud record -- nx format:check --base=9c0e6a1a983189723b6786e751097d9c1e87a24e --head=b1c715dc1da6971095a1a6503c68901330bcf166
• nx documentation --no-dte
• nx affected -t e2e-macos --parallel=1 --base=9c0e6a1a983189723b6786e751097d9c1e87a24e --head=b1c715dc1da6971095a1a6503c68901330bcf166

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[github-actions]

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