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neomodel

A high level wrapper around py2neo, providing a formal definition for your data model.

  • Structured node definitions with type checking
  • Lazy category node creation
  • Automatic indexing
  • Relationship traversal
  • Soft cardinality restrictions

Supports: neo4j 1.8+, python 2.6, 2.7

Travis-CI: https://travis-ci.org/#!/robinedwards/neomodel/

Installation

Install the module via git:

pip install -e git+git@github.com:robinedwards/neomodel.git@HEAD#egg=neomodel-dev

Introduction

Connection:

export NEO4J_REST_URL=http://localhost:7474/db/data/

Or with authentication:

export NEO4J_REST_URL=http://user:password@localhost:7474/db/data/

Node definitions:

from neomodel import StructuredNode, StringProperty, IntegerProperty, RelationshipTo, RelationshipFrom
class Country(StructuredNode):
    code = StringProperty(unique_index=True, required=True)

    # traverse incoming IS_FROM relation, inflate to Person objects
    inhabitant = RelationshipFrom('Person', 'IS_FROM')


class Person(StructuredNode):
    name = StringProperty(unique_index=True)
    age = IntegerProperty(index=True, default=0)

    # traverse outgoing IS_FROM relations, inflate to Country objects
    country = RelationshipTo('Country', 'IS_FROM')

In the above example, there is one type of relationship present IS_FROM, we are defining two different methods for traversing it one accessible via Person objects and one via Country objects.

CRUD

CReate Update Delete:

jim = Person(name='Jim', age=3).save()
jim.age = 4
jim.save() # validation happens here
jim.delete()

Relationships

Access related nodes through your defined relations:

germany = Country(code='DE').save()
jim.country.connect(germany)

if jim.country.is_connected(germany):
    print("Jim's from Germany")

for p in germany.inhabitant.all()
    print(p.name) # Jim

jim.country.disconnect(germany)

Search related nodes through your defined relations. This example starts at the germany node and traverses incoming 'IS_FROM' relations and returns the nodes with the property name that is equal to 'Jim':

germany.inhabitant.search(name='Jim')

If you don't care about the direction of the relationship:

class Person(StructuredNode):
    friends = Relationship('Friend', 'FRIEND')

You may also reference classes from another module:

class Person(StructuredNode):
    car = RelationshipTo('transport.models.Car', 'CAR')

Cardinality

It's possible to enforce cardinality restrictions on your relationships. Remember this needs to be declared on both sides of the relationship for it to work:

class Person(StructuredNode):
    car = RelationshipTo('Car', 'CAR', cardinality=One)

class Car(StructuredNode):
    owner = RelationshipFrom('Person', cardinality=One)

The following cardinality classes are available:

ZeroOMore (default), OneOrMore, ZeroOrOne, One

If cardinality is broken by existing data a CardinalityViolation exception is raised. On attempting to break a cardinality restriction a AttemptedCardinalityViolation is raised.

Custom cypher queries

You may handle more complex queries via cypher. Each node provides an 'inflate' class method, this inflates py2neo nodes to neomodel node objects:

class Person(StructuredNode):
    def friends(self):
        results = self.cypher("START a=node({self}) MATCH a-[:FRIEND]->(b) RETURN b");
        return [self.__class__.inflate(row[0]) for row in results]

The self query parameter is prepopulated with the current node id. It's possible to pass in your own query parameters to the cypher method.

Inheritance

EXPERIMENTAL

It's possible to subclass node definitions, separate indexes will be maintained for each class in the hierarchy.

The example below demonstrates the use of class inheritance in relationships:

# Superhero subclass of Person
class SuperHero(Person):
    power = StringProperty(index=True)

# Adding Atlantis to our countries and UltraJoe to our superheroes
atlantis = Country(code='ATL').save()
ultrajoe = SuperHero(name='UltraJoe', age=13, power='invisibility').save()

# Connecting UltraJoe to Atlantis. As a Person (as well a SuperHero),
# UltraJoe inherits the relationship definitions for Person.
atlantis.inhabitant.connect(ultrajoe)

# Checking if connection was indeed made
atlantis.inhabitant.is_connected(ultrajoe) # True

Relating to different node types

You can define relations of a single relation type to different StructuredNode classes.:

class Humanbeing(StructuredNode):
    name = StringProperty()
    has_a = RelationshipTo(['Location', 'Nationality'], 'HAS_A')

class Location(StructuredNode):
    name = StringProperty()

class Nationality(StructuredNode):
    name = StringProperty()

Remember that when traversing the has_a relation you will retrieve objects of different types.

Category nodes

Access your instances via the category node:

country_category = Country.category()
for c in country_category.instance.all()

Note that connect and disconnect are not available through the instance relation. As these actions are handled for your via the save() and delete() methods.

Read-only nodes

If you have existing nodes you want to protect use the read-only base class:

from neomodel.core import ReadOnlyNode, ReadOnlyError

class ImmortalBeing(ReadOnlyNode):
    name = StringProperty()

Now all write operations below raise a ReadOnlyError:

some_immortal_being.delete()
some_immortal_being.save()
some_immortal_being.update()

Indexing

Make use of indexes:

jim = Person.index.get(name='Jim')
for p in Person.index.search(age=3):
    print(p.name)

germany = Country(code='DE').save()

Use advanced Lucene queries with the lucene-querybuilder module:

from lucenequerybuilder import Q

Human(name='sarah', age=3).save()
Human(name='jim', age=4).save()
Human(name='bob', age=5).save()
Human(name='tim', age=2).save()

for h in Human.index.search(Q('age', inrange=[3, 5])):
    print(h.name)

# prints: sarah, jim, bob

If you have an existing node index you can change the default name of your index. This can be useful for integrating with neo4django schemas:

class Human(StructuredNode):
    _index_name = 'myHumans'
    name = StringProperty(indexed=True)

Human.index.name # myHumans

Properties

The following basic properties are available:

StringProperty, IntegerProperty, FloatProperty, BooleanProperty

Additionally there is also:

DateProperty, DateTimeProperty, AliasProperty

The DateTimeProperty accepts datetime.datetime objects of any timezone and stores them as a UTC epoch value.

These epoch values are inflated to datetime.datetime objects with the UTC timezone set.

The DateProperty accepts datetime.date objects which are stored as a string property 'YYYY-MM-DD'.

Default values you may provide a default value to any property, this can also be a function or any callable:

def uid_generator():
    # your algorithm here
    pass

name = StringProperty(unique_index=True, default=uid_generator)

The AliasProperty a special property for aliasing other properties and providing 'magic' behaviour:

class Person(StructuredNode):
    full_name = StringProperty(index=True)
    name = AliasProperty(to='full_name')

Person.index.search(name='Jim') # just works

Custom properties can provide a setup method which will get invoked on class definition.

Credits