ast.go

// Copyright 2015 PingCAP, Inc.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

// Package ast is the abstract syntax tree parsed from a SQL statement by parser.
// It can be analysed and transformed by optimizer.
package ast

import (
	"io"

	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/model"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/types"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/util/chunk"
	"golang.org/x/net/context"
)

// Node is the basic element of the AST.
// Interfaces embed Node should have 'Node' name suffix.
type Node interface {
	// Accept accepts Visitor to visit itself.
	// The returned node should replace original node.
	// ok returns false to stop visiting.
	//
	// Implementation of this method should first call visitor.Enter,
	// assign the returned node to its method receiver, if skipChildren returns true,
	// children should be skipped. Otherwise, call its children in particular order that
	// later elements depends on former elements. Finally, return visitor.Leave.
	Accept(v Visitor) (node Node, ok bool)
	// Text returns the original text of the element.
	Text() string
	// SetText sets original text to the Node.
	SetText(text string)
}

// Flags indicates whether an expression contains certain types of expression.
const (
	FlagConstant       uint64 = 0
	FlagHasParamMarker uint64 = 1 << iota
	FlagHasFunc
	FlagHasReference
	FlagHasAggregateFunc
	FlagHasSubquery
	FlagHasVariable
	FlagHasDefault
	FlagPreEvaluated
)

// ExprNode is a node that can be evaluated.
// Name of implementations should have 'Expr' suffix.
type ExprNode interface {
	// Node is embedded in ExprNode.
	Node
	// SetType sets evaluation type to the expression.
	SetType(tp *types.FieldType)
	// GetType gets the evaluation type of the expression.
	GetType() *types.FieldType
	// SetValue sets value to the expression.
	SetValue(val interface{})
	// GetValue gets value of the expression.
	GetValue() interface{}
	// SetDatum sets datum to the expression.
	SetDatum(datum types.Datum)
	// GetDatum gets datum of the expression.
	GetDatum() *types.Datum
	// SetFlag sets flag to the expression.
	// Flag indicates whether the expression contains
	// parameter marker, reference, aggregate function...
	SetFlag(flag uint64)
	// GetFlag returns the flag of the expression.
	GetFlag() uint64

	// Format formats the AST into a writer.
	Format(w io.Writer)
}

// FuncNode represents function call expression node.
type FuncNode interface {
	ExprNode
	functionExpression()
}

// StmtNode represents statement node.
// Name of implementations should have 'Stmt' suffix.
type StmtNode interface {
	Node
	statement()
}

// DDLNode represents DDL statement node.
type DDLNode interface {
	StmtNode
	ddlStatement()
}

// DMLNode represents DML statement node.
type DMLNode interface {
	StmtNode
	dmlStatement()
}

// ResultField represents a result field which can be a column from a table,
// or an expression in select field. It is a generated property during
// binding process. ResultField is the key element to evaluate a ColumnNameExpr.
// After resolving process, every ColumnNameExpr will be resolved to a ResultField.
// During execution, every row retrieved from table will set the row value to
// ResultFields of that table, so ColumnNameExpr resolved to that ResultField can be
// easily evaluated.
type ResultField struct {
	Column       *model.ColumnInfo
	ColumnAsName model.CIStr
	Table        *model.TableInfo
	TableAsName  model.CIStr
	DBName       model.CIStr

	// Expr represents the expression for the result field. If it is generated from a select field, it would
	// be the expression of that select field, otherwise the type would be ValueExpr and value
	// will be set for every retrieved row.
	Expr      ExprNode
	TableName *TableName
	// Referenced indicates the result field has been referenced or not.
	// If not, we don't need to get the values.
	Referenced bool
}

// RecordSet is an abstract result set interface to help get data from Plan.
type RecordSet interface {
	// Fields gets result fields.
	Fields() []*ResultField

	// Next reads records into chunk.
	Next(ctx context.Context, chk *chunk.Chunk) error

	// NewChunk creates a new chunk with initial capacity.
	NewChunk() *chunk.Chunk

	// Close closes the underlying iterator, call Next after Close will
	// restart the iteration.
	Close() error
}

// RowToDatums converts row to datum slice.
func RowToDatums(row types.Row, fields []*ResultField) []types.Datum {
	datums := make([]types.Datum, len(fields))
	for i, f := range fields {
		datums[i] = row.GetDatum(i, &f.Column.FieldType)
	}
	return datums
}

// ResultSetNode interface has a ResultFields property, represents a Node that returns result set.
// Implementations include SelectStmt, SubqueryExpr, TableSource, TableName and Join.
type ResultSetNode interface {
	Node
}

// SensitiveStmtNode overloads StmtNode and provides a SecureText method.
type SensitiveStmtNode interface {
	StmtNode
	// SecureText is different from Text that it hide password information.
	SecureText() string
}

// Statement is an interface for SQL execution.
// NOTE: all Statement implementations must be safe for
// concurrent using by multiple goroutines.
// If the Exec method requires any Execution domain local data,
// they must be held out of the implementing instance.
type Statement interface {
	// OriginText gets the origin SQL text.
	OriginText() string

	// Exec executes SQL and gets a Recordset.
	Exec(ctx context.Context) (RecordSet, error)

	// IsPrepared returns whether this statement is prepared statement.
	IsPrepared() bool

	// IsReadOnly returns if the statement is read only. For example: SelectStmt without lock.
	IsReadOnly() bool

	// RebuildPlan rebuilds the plan of the statement.
	RebuildPlan() error
}

// Visitor visits a Node.
type Visitor interface {
	// Enter is called before children nodes are visited.
	// The returned node must be the same type as the input node n.
	// skipChildren returns true means children nodes should be skipped,
	// this is useful when work is done in Enter and there is no need to visit children.
	Enter(n Node) (node Node, skipChildren bool)
	// Leave is called after children nodes have been visited.
	// The returned node's type can be different from the input node if it is a ExprNode,
	// Non-expression node must be the same type as the input node n.
	// ok returns false to stop visiting.
	Leave(n Node) (node Node, ok bool)
}