[python/sdk] Allow remote components to use output property called id

[Zaid-Ajaj]

Description

This PR updates the python SDK to allow remote components to have ID property. Adds an integration test which implements a component that had an output property id to ensure that we can have id as an output that doesn't get filtered out when serializing and deserializing property maps.

Component instantiation looks like this in python

import pulumi
from component import Component

component_a = Component("a", id="hello")

pulumi.export("id", component_a.id)

Where we expect component_a.id to equal "{resource.ID}-{args.Id}" => "42-hello" and the 42 is the (constant) ID of the resource created inside the component.

Checklist

• I have run make tidy to update any new dependencies
• I have run make lint to verify my code passes the lint check
  • I have formatted my code using gofumpt

• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works

• I have run make changelog and committed the changelog/pending/<file> documenting my change

• Yes, there are changes in this PR that warrants bumping the Pulumi Cloud API version

[pulumi-bot]

Changelog

[uncommitted] (2024-01-18)

Bug Fixes

• [sdk/python] Allow remote components to use output property called id
  #15115