[3.8 Backport] Fix StorkClientRequestFilter exception handling

[damianorenfer]

Exceptions were not caught properly because a Uni subscription was done outside a try-catch block.

(cherry picked from commit 04cffc5)

[quarkus-bot]

Thanks for your pull request!

The title of your pull request does not follow our editorial rules. Could you have a look?

• title should preferably start with an uppercase character (if it makes sense!)

_{This message is automatically generated by a bot.}

[damianorenfer]

@gsmet I opened the 3.8 backport as I proposed at #39731
I hope I did it right

[gsmet]

Thanks for the effort but we usually backport things in batch, especially for LTS as we discuss potentially problematic backports in a meeting.

I will close this PR but I marked the PR for consideration for 3.8 backport.

Thanks!