gha: update lint-golang

[andrewhsu]

follow-on to PR #17230, this PR adds check for the goreleaser configuration file and updates to latest actions to bring in bug fixes and perf optimizations for lint-golang:

• https://github.com/actions/checkout/releases/tag/v4.1.1
• https://github.com/actions/setup-go/releases/tag/v5.0.0
• https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint-action/releases/tag/v4.0.0
• https://github.com/goreleaser/goreleaser-action/releases/tag/v5.0.0

Backports Required

• none - not a bug fix
• none - this is a backport
• none - issue does not exist in previous branches
• none - papercut/not impactful enough to backport
• v23.3.x
• v23.2.x

Release Notes

• none

[andrewhsu]

lint-golang job is green. ready for review.