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Documentation
For anything this document doesn't cover, see the FAQ.
Mosh for Chrome depends on the server having mosh installed. See http://mosh.mit.edu for instructions on doing that. You should then be able to use Mosh for Chrome easily.
Mosh for Chrome, like the upstream mosh program, uses ssh to setup the connection. Just fill in the fields, and an ssh connection will be made to the server. This is to establish trust, start mosh-server, and get the encryption key. Key-based auth is available; see Key-based ssh Authentication for instructions.
Should you need to setup the connection manually, choose manual mode. Then manually login to the remote machine (using some other app) and run mosh-server. It will print the key and the port number; enter those into this form, as well as the IP address or hostname of the remote machine, and click Connect. mosh-server gives you about a minute to do this before giving up and exiting. You can close your manual login session once mosh-server is running.
You can connect to more than one server at a time, or even connect multiple times to the same server. To start a new session, either launch the app again, or on Chrome OS, right-click the icon in the "shelf" (usually on the bottom) and select New session.
To copy, simply highlight text; it will automatically be placed in your clipboard. To paste, use Ctrl-Shift-V (or Command-V on the Mac), Shift-Insert, or right-click. (NB: Right-clicking is known not to work on Windows.) See the hterm FAQ for more information.
There is a preferences editor that allows you to tweak a large number of terminal preferences. Access this by clicking on the Preferences link on the window you use to start a new session.
Note that preference changes take effect immediately on all running sessions, and sync with all your browsers if they're logged in and Chrome Sync is enabled.
To specify a particular command to run on the remote server once the session is established, enter that command into the Remote command field. For example, to resume your tmux session automatically each time you connect, you might enter:
tmux attach-session
If the field is left blank, by default it simply starts your shell.
By default, when Mosh for Chrome initially connects to your machine via ssh to setup the mosh session, it runs the mosh-server in your $PATH and provides some default arguments to it. If you would like to run a different mosh-server, or if you would like to start it with different arguments, you may enter that command in the Mosh server command field.
For example, to run a mosh-server you built yourself from the upstream sources and installed in /home/rpwoodbu/bin, you might enter this into the field:
/home/rpwoodbu/bin/mosh-server new -s -c 256 -l LANG=en_US.UTF-8
Note that if you do not provide any arguments, the server will be started with none, which may not be the desired configuration. The arguments in the example above are the same as the ones used when the field is blank.