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wal.go
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wal.go
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// Copyright 2015 CoreOS, Inc.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package wal
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"hash/crc32"
"io"
"os"
"path"
"reflect"
"sync"
"time"
"k8s.io/kubernetes/third_party/forked/etcd237/pkg/fileutil"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/pkg/pbutil"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/raft/raftpb"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/wal/walpb"
"github.com/coreos/pkg/capnslog"
)
const (
metadataType int64 = iota + 1
entryType
stateType
crcType
snapshotType
// the owner can make/remove files inside the directory
privateDirMode = 0700
// the expected size of each wal segment file.
// the actual size might be bigger than it.
segmentSizeBytes = 64 * 1000 * 1000 // 64MB
)
var (
plog = capnslog.NewPackageLogger("github.com/coreos/etcd", "wal")
ErrMetadataConflict = errors.New("wal: conflicting metadata found")
ErrFileNotFound = errors.New("wal: file not found")
ErrCRCMismatch = errors.New("wal: crc mismatch")
ErrSnapshotMismatch = errors.New("wal: snapshot mismatch")
ErrSnapshotNotFound = errors.New("wal: snapshot not found")
crcTable = crc32.MakeTable(crc32.Castagnoli)
)
// WAL is a logical representation of the stable storage.
// WAL is either in read mode or append mode but not both.
// A newly created WAL is in append mode, and ready for appending records.
// A just opened WAL is in read mode, and ready for reading records.
// The WAL will be ready for appending after reading out all the previous records.
type WAL struct {
dir string // the living directory of the underlay files
metadata []byte // metadata recorded at the head of each WAL
state raftpb.HardState // hardstate recorded at the head of WAL
start walpb.Snapshot // snapshot to start reading
decoder *decoder // decoder to decode records
mu sync.Mutex
f *os.File // underlay file opened for appending, sync
seq uint64 // sequence of the wal file currently used for writes
enti uint64 // index of the last entry saved to the wal
encoder *encoder // encoder to encode records
locks []fileutil.Lock // the file locks the WAL is holding (the name is increasing)
}
// Create creates a WAL ready for appending records. The given metadata is
// recorded at the head of each WAL file, and can be retrieved with ReadAll.
func Create(dirpath string, metadata []byte) (*WAL, error) {
if Exist(dirpath) {
return nil, os.ErrExist
}
if err := os.MkdirAll(dirpath, privateDirMode); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
p := path.Join(dirpath, walName(0, 0))
f, err := os.OpenFile(p, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE, 0600)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
l, err := fileutil.NewLock(f.Name())
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if err = l.Lock(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
w := &WAL{
dir: dirpath,
metadata: metadata,
seq: 0,
f: f,
encoder: newEncoder(f, 0),
}
w.locks = append(w.locks, l)
if err := w.saveCrc(0); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if err := w.encoder.encode(&walpb.Record{Type: metadataType, Data: metadata}); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if err := w.SaveSnapshot(walpb.Snapshot{}); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return w, nil
}
// Open opens the WAL at the given snap.
// The snap SHOULD have been previously saved to the WAL, or the following
// ReadAll will fail.
// The returned WAL is ready to read and the first record will be the one after
// the given snap. The WAL cannot be appended to before reading out all of its
// previous records.
func Open(dirpath string, snap walpb.Snapshot) (*WAL, error) {
return openAtIndex(dirpath, snap, true)
}
// OpenForRead only opens the wal files for read.
// Write on a read only wal panics.
func OpenForRead(dirpath string, snap walpb.Snapshot) (*WAL, error) {
return openAtIndex(dirpath, snap, false)
}
func openAtIndex(dirpath string, snap walpb.Snapshot, write bool) (*WAL, error) {
names, err := fileutil.ReadDir(dirpath)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
names = checkWalNames(names)
if len(names) == 0 {
return nil, ErrFileNotFound
}
nameIndex, ok := searchIndex(names, snap.Index)
if !ok || !isValidSeq(names[nameIndex:]) {
return nil, ErrFileNotFound
}
// open the wal files for reading
rcs := make([]io.ReadCloser, 0)
ls := make([]fileutil.Lock, 0)
for _, name := range names[nameIndex:] {
f, err := os.Open(path.Join(dirpath, name))
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
l, err := fileutil.NewLock(f.Name())
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
err = l.TryLock()
if err != nil {
if write {
return nil, err
}
}
rcs = append(rcs, f)
ls = append(ls, l)
}
rc := MultiReadCloser(rcs...)
// create a WAL ready for reading
w := &WAL{
dir: dirpath,
start: snap,
decoder: newDecoder(rc),
locks: ls,
}
if write {
// open the last wal file for appending
seq, _, err := parseWalName(names[len(names)-1])
if err != nil {
rc.Close()
return nil, err
}
last := path.Join(dirpath, names[len(names)-1])
f, err := os.OpenFile(last, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0)
if err != nil {
rc.Close()
return nil, err
}
err = fileutil.Preallocate(f, segmentSizeBytes)
if err != nil {
rc.Close()
plog.Errorf("failed to allocate space when creating new wal file (%v)", err)
return nil, err
}
w.f = f
w.seq = seq
}
return w, nil
}
// ReadAll reads out records of the current WAL.
// If opened in write mode, it must read out all records until EOF. Or an error
// will be returned.
// If opened in read mode, it will try to read all records if possible.
// If it cannot read out the expected snap, it will return ErrSnapshotNotFound.
// If loaded snap doesn't match with the expected one, it will return
// all the records and error ErrSnapshotMismatch.
// TODO: detect not-last-snap error.
// TODO: maybe loose the checking of match.
// After ReadAll, the WAL will be ready for appending new records.
func (w *WAL) ReadAll() (metadata []byte, state raftpb.HardState, ents []raftpb.Entry, err error) {
w.mu.Lock()
defer w.mu.Unlock()
rec := &walpb.Record{}
decoder := w.decoder
var match bool
for err = decoder.decode(rec); err == nil; err = decoder.decode(rec) {
switch rec.Type {
case entryType:
e := mustUnmarshalEntry(rec.Data)
if e.Index > w.start.Index {
ents = append(ents[:e.Index-w.start.Index-1], e)
}
w.enti = e.Index
case stateType:
state = mustUnmarshalState(rec.Data)
case metadataType:
if metadata != nil && !reflect.DeepEqual(metadata, rec.Data) {
state.Reset()
return nil, state, nil, ErrMetadataConflict
}
metadata = rec.Data
case crcType:
crc := decoder.crc.Sum32()
// current crc of decoder must match the crc of the record.
// do no need to match 0 crc, since the decoder is a new one at this case.
if crc != 0 && rec.Validate(crc) != nil {
state.Reset()
return nil, state, nil, ErrCRCMismatch
}
decoder.updateCRC(rec.Crc)
case snapshotType:
var snap walpb.Snapshot
pbutil.MustUnmarshal(&snap, rec.Data)
if snap.Index == w.start.Index {
if snap.Term != w.start.Term {
state.Reset()
return nil, state, nil, ErrSnapshotMismatch
}
match = true
}
default:
state.Reset()
return nil, state, nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected block type %d", rec.Type)
}
}
switch w.f {
case nil:
// We do not have to read out all entries in read mode.
// The last record maybe a partial written one, so
// ErrunexpectedEOF might be returned.
if err != io.EOF && err != io.ErrUnexpectedEOF {
state.Reset()
return nil, state, nil, err
}
default:
// We must read all of the entries if WAL is opened in write mode.
if err != io.EOF {
state.Reset()
return nil, state, nil, err
}
}
err = nil
if !match {
err = ErrSnapshotNotFound
}
// close decoder, disable reading
w.decoder.close()
w.start = walpb.Snapshot{}
w.metadata = metadata
if w.f != nil {
// create encoder (chain crc with the decoder), enable appending
w.encoder = newEncoder(w.f, w.decoder.lastCRC())
w.decoder = nil
lastIndexSaved.Set(float64(w.enti))
}
return metadata, state, ents, err
}
// cut closes current file written and creates a new one ready to append.
// cut first creates a temp wal file and writes necessary headers into it.
// Then cut atomically rename temp wal file to a wal file.
func (w *WAL) cut() error {
// close old wal file
if err := w.sync(); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := w.f.Close(); err != nil {
return err
}
fpath := path.Join(w.dir, walName(w.seq+1, w.enti+1))
ftpath := fpath + ".tmp"
// create a temp wal file with name sequence + 1, or truncate the existing one
ft, err := os.OpenFile(ftpath, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0600)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// update writer and save the previous crc
w.f = ft
prevCrc := w.encoder.crc.Sum32()
w.encoder = newEncoder(w.f, prevCrc)
if err = w.saveCrc(prevCrc); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = w.encoder.encode(&walpb.Record{Type: metadataType, Data: w.metadata}); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = w.saveState(&w.state); err != nil {
return err
}
// close temp wal file
if err = w.sync(); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = w.f.Close(); err != nil {
return err
}
// atomically move temp wal file to wal file
if err = os.Rename(ftpath, fpath); err != nil {
return err
}
// open the wal file and update writer again
f, err := os.OpenFile(fpath, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0600)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if err = fileutil.Preallocate(f, segmentSizeBytes); err != nil {
plog.Errorf("failed to allocate space when creating new wal file (%v)", err)
return err
}
w.f = f
prevCrc = w.encoder.crc.Sum32()
w.encoder = newEncoder(w.f, prevCrc)
// lock the new wal file
l, err := fileutil.NewLock(f.Name())
if err != nil {
return err
}
if err := l.Lock(); err != nil {
return err
}
w.locks = append(w.locks, l)
// increase the wal seq
w.seq++
plog.Infof("segmented wal file %v is created", fpath)
return nil
}
func (w *WAL) sync() error {
if w.encoder != nil {
if err := w.encoder.flush(); err != nil {
return err
}
}
start := time.Now()
err := fileutil.Fdatasync(w.f)
syncDurations.Observe(float64(time.Since(start)) / float64(time.Second))
return err
}
// ReleaseLockTo releases the locks, which has smaller index than the given index
// except the largest one among them.
// For example, if WAL is holding lock 1,2,3,4,5,6, ReleaseLockTo(4) will release
// lock 1,2 but keep 3. ReleaseLockTo(5) will release 1,2,3 but keep 4.
func (w *WAL) ReleaseLockTo(index uint64) error {
w.mu.Lock()
defer w.mu.Unlock()
var smaller int
found := false
for i, l := range w.locks {
_, lockIndex, err := parseWalName(path.Base(l.Name()))
if err != nil {
return err
}
if lockIndex >= index {
smaller = i - 1
found = true
break
}
}
// if no lock index is greater than the release index, we can
// release lock up to the last one(excluding).
if !found && len(w.locks) != 0 {
smaller = len(w.locks) - 1
}
if smaller <= 0 {
return nil
}
for i := 0; i < smaller; i++ {
w.locks[i].Unlock()
w.locks[i].Destroy()
}
w.locks = w.locks[smaller:]
return nil
}
func (w *WAL) Close() error {
w.mu.Lock()
defer w.mu.Unlock()
if w.f != nil {
if err := w.sync(); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := w.f.Close(); err != nil {
return err
}
}
for _, l := range w.locks {
err := l.Unlock()
if err != nil {
plog.Errorf("failed to unlock during closing wal: %s", err)
}
err = l.Destroy()
if err != nil {
plog.Errorf("failed to destroy lock during closing wal: %s", err)
}
}
return nil
}
func (w *WAL) saveEntry(e *raftpb.Entry) error {
// TODO: add MustMarshalTo to reduce one allocation.
b := pbutil.MustMarshal(e)
rec := &walpb.Record{Type: entryType, Data: b}
if err := w.encoder.encode(rec); err != nil {
return err
}
w.enti = e.Index
lastIndexSaved.Set(float64(w.enti))
return nil
}
func (w *WAL) saveState(s *raftpb.HardState) error {
if isEmptyHardState(*s) {
return nil
}
w.state = *s
b := pbutil.MustMarshal(s)
rec := &walpb.Record{Type: stateType, Data: b}
return w.encoder.encode(rec)
}
func (w *WAL) Save(st raftpb.HardState, ents []raftpb.Entry) error {
w.mu.Lock()
defer w.mu.Unlock()
// short cut, do not call sync
if isEmptyHardState(st) && len(ents) == 0 {
return nil
}
mustSync := mustSync(st, w.state, len(ents))
// TODO(xiangli): no more reference operator
for i := range ents {
if err := w.saveEntry(&ents[i]); err != nil {
return err
}
}
if err := w.saveState(&st); err != nil {
return err
}
fstat, err := w.f.Stat()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if fstat.Size() < segmentSizeBytes {
if mustSync {
return w.sync()
}
return nil
}
// TODO: add a test for this code path when refactoring the tests
return w.cut()
}
func (w *WAL) SaveSnapshot(e walpb.Snapshot) error {
w.mu.Lock()
defer w.mu.Unlock()
b := pbutil.MustMarshal(&e)
rec := &walpb.Record{Type: snapshotType, Data: b}
if err := w.encoder.encode(rec); err != nil {
return err
}
// update enti only when snapshot is ahead of last index
if w.enti < e.Index {
w.enti = e.Index
}
lastIndexSaved.Set(float64(w.enti))
return w.sync()
}
func (w *WAL) saveCrc(prevCrc uint32) error {
return w.encoder.encode(&walpb.Record{Type: crcType, Crc: prevCrc})
}
func mustSync(st, prevst raftpb.HardState, entsnum int) bool {
// Persistent state on all servers:
// (Updated on stable storage before responding to RPCs)
// currentTerm
// votedFor
// log entries[]
if entsnum != 0 || st.Vote != prevst.Vote || st.Term != prevst.Term {
return true
}
return false
}
func isHardStateEqual(a, b raftpb.HardState) bool {
return a.Term == b.Term && a.Vote == b.Vote && a.Commit == b.Commit
}
var emptyState = raftpb.HardState{}
func isEmptyHardState(st raftpb.HardState) bool {
return isHardStateEqual(st, emptyState)
}