Adjoint, adjugate, conjugate-transpose of a matrix

[rbeezer]

This is a meta-ticket for tracking some changes related to the adjoint and adjugate of a matrix.

See http://groups.google.com/group/sage-devel/browse_thread/thread/623226316555c28e for the discussion.

Plan:

1. Deprecate adjoint in favor of adjugate, Deprecate adjoint in favor of adjugate #10501
2. Implement conjugate_transpose: Add the conjugate-transpose of a matrix, by that name #10471
3. Implement T, H, I properties: shortcuts properties for matrix transpose, complex conjugate, conjugate transpose, and inverse #8094
4. Wait for adjoint to become available
5. Implement a more general adjoint based on relationships with inner products

Be sure to add some notes to the documentation to resolve any confusion about what the word "adjoint" means.

Feel free to comment here, or on the sage-devel thread, as appropriate.

CC: @orlitzky

Component: linear algebra

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/10465