chore: Drop old versions from CI and Travis to GitHub Actions

[nschonni]

Leaving #2970 for troubleshooting why Node 14.6+ is breaking the tests.

• Drop all EOL and old unstable releases from testing. Doesn't touch the package.json engines value or extensions.js as part of this PR
• Pin to 14.5 to avoid current toString issue
• Add Windows GitHub Actions, but can only currently cover x64 until Support x86 Windows architecture actions/setup-node#190
• Move JS Linting to separate job that only triggers for JS changes
• Move coverage job to separate job. May need some work for GitHub Action publishing
• Move Linux building from Travis to GitHub Actions, and keeps the GCC/G++ versions
• All GitHub actions include the build results as artifacts to enable releasing, but that would still be manual

[xzyfer]

🤲