WIP - Fix #9176: fast check of cyclic object initialization

[liufengyun]

Fix #9176: fast check of cyclic object initialization

Given the following program

class Foo(val opposite: Foo)
case object A extends Foo(B)     // error
case object B extends Foo(A)     // error

It reports:

-- Warning: tests/init/neg/i9176.scala:2:0 -------------------------------------
2 |case object A extends Foo(B)     // error
  |^
  |Cylic object dependencies detected. Cyclic path:
  | -> case object A extends Foo(B)     // error	[ i9176.scala:2 ]
  |  -> case object B extends Foo(A)     // error	[ i9176.scala:3 ]
-- Warning: tests/init/neg/i9176.scala:3:0 -------------------------------------
3 |case object B extends Foo(A)     // error
  |^
  |Cylic object dependencies detected. Cyclic path:
  | -> case object B extends Foo(A)     // error	[ i9176.scala:3 ]
  |  -> case object A extends Foo(B)     // error	[ i9176.scala:2 ]
2 warnings found

This PR supersedes #10550 for being simpler and faster.

[liufengyun]

Superseded by #12122