Turboelectric HTS Ducted Fan Network

regression/automatic_regression.py

@@ -108,7 +108,8 @@
     'scripts/VTOL/test_Multicopter.py',
     'scripts/VTOL/test_Tiltwing.py',
     'scripts/VTOL/test_Stopped_Rotor.py',
-    'scripts/weights/weights.py'
+    'scripts/weights/weights.py',
+    'scripts/turboelectric_HTS_ducted_fan_network/turboelectric_HTS_ducted_fan_network.py'
 ]
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------

trunk/SUAVE/Attributes/Solids/Copper.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+## @ingroup Attributes-Solids
+# Copper.py
+#
+# Created: Feb 2020, K. Hamilton
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+from .Solid import Solid
+from SUAVE.Core import Units
+from scipy import interpolate
+from array import *
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# RRR=50 OFHC Copper Class
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+## @ingroup Attributes-Solid
+class Copper(Solid):
+
+    """ Physical Constants Specific to copper RRR=50 OFHC
+
+    Assumptions:
+    None
+
+    Source:
+    "PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MATERIALS AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES" Peter E. Bradley and Ray Radebaugh
+    "A copper resistance temperature scale" Dauphinee, TM and Preston-Thomas, H
+
+    Inputs:
+    N/A
+
+    Outputs:
+    N/A
+
+    Properties Used:
+    None
+    """
+
+    def __defaults__(self):
+        """Sets material properties at instantiation.
+
+        Assumptions:
+        None
+
+        Source:
+        N/A
+
+        Inputs:
+        N/A
+
+        Outputs:
+        N/A
+
+        Properties Used:
+        None
+        """
+
+        self.density                    =     8960.0        # [kg/(m**3)]
+        self.conductivity_electrical    = 58391886.09       # [mhos/m]
+        self.conductivity_thermal       =      392.4        # [W/(m*K)]
+
+    def thermal_conductivity(self, temperature):
+        # Lookup table arrays. Temperature in K, conductivity in W/(m*K)
+        temperatures = [4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0, 80.0, 90.0, 100.0, 120.0, 140.0, 160.0, 180.0, 200.0, 220.0, 240.0, 260.0, 280.0, 300.0]
+        conductivities = [3.204, 4.668, 6.223, 7.781, 9.273, 10.64, 11.85, 12.87, 13.68, 14.44, 11.63, 8.636, 6.7, 5.611, 5.003, 4.651, 4.439, 4.218, 4.116, 4.06, 4.026, 4.001, 3.982, 3.965, 3.95, 3.936, 3.924]
+
+        # Function that interpolates the lookup table data
+        c = interpolate.interp1d(temperatures, conductivities, kind = 'cubic', fill_value='extrapolate')
+
+        # Create output variable
+
+        conductivity = c(temperature)
+
+        return conductivity
+
+
+
+    # lookup table and interpolator for estimating the electrical conductivity of copper at cryogenic temperatures.
+    def electrical_conductivity(self, temperature):
+        # Lookup table. Temperature in K, conductivity in mhos/m
+        temperatures = [4.2, 19.0, 20.0, 21.0, 22.0, 23.0, 24.0, 25.0, 26.0, 27.0, 28.0, 29.0, 30.0, 31.0, 32.0, 33.0, 34.0, 35.0, 36.0, 38.0, 40.0, 42.0, 44.0, 46.0, 48.0, 50.0, 52.0, 54.0, 56.0, 58.0, 60.0, 64.0, 68.0, 72.0, 76.0, 80.0, 85.0, 90.0, 95.0, 100.0, 110.0, 120.0, 130.0, 140.0, 150.0, 160.0, 170.0, 180.0, 190.0, 200.0, 210.0, 220.0, 230.0, 240.0, 250.0, 260.0, 270.0, 273.16, 280.0, 290.0, 300.0, 310.0, 320.0]
+        conductivities = [62706513.73, 59649351.1, 58823529.41, 57862233.7, 56756705.27, 55547010.82, 54265718.98, 52838319.53, 51265727.5, 49621943.91, 47879990.68, 46119256.86, 44295117.43, 42462678.59, 40594025.68, 38689780.55, 36839664.93, 34982975.23, 33178363.63, 29768952.17, 26747761.29, 23951445.97, 21412914.59, 19097216.66, 17144994.46, 15418051.98, 13912657.74, 12602171.91, 11436522.41, 10413826.85, 9526550.123, 8071135.431, 6915841.211, 6030094.818, 5295406.175, 4719663.549, 4129948.887, 3661837.678, 3283955.516, 2972855.668, 2494427.41, 2147259.712, 1884972.1, 1680269.452, 1516360.227, 1382622.667, 1270747.745, 1176213.988, 1095370.181, 1025134.636, 963654.7402, 909308.7026, 860944.9011, 817561.3102, 778513.0909, 742977.6209, 710652.6341, 701058.8235, 681102.5197, 653862.9927, 628729.7528, 605483.2867, 583918.8609]
+
+        # Function that interpolates the lookup table data
+        c = interpolate.interp1d(temperatures, conductivities, kind = 'cubic', fill_value='extrapolate')
+
+
+        conductivity = c(temperature)
+
+        return conductivity

trunk/SUAVE/Attributes/__init__.py

@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@
 from . import Atmospheres
 from . import Propellants
 from . import Airports
-from . import Solids
+from . import Solids

trunk/SUAVE/Components/Energy/Converters/Motor_HTS_Rotor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+## @ingroup Components-Energy-Converters
+# Motor_HTS_Rotor.py
+#
+# Created:  Feb 2020,   K. Hamilton
+# Modified: Nov 2021,   S. Claridge
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Imports
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# suave imports
+import SUAVE
+
+# package imports
+from SUAVE.Components.Energy.Energy_Component import Energy_Component
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  HTS Rotor Class
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+## @ingroup Components-Energy-Converters
+class Motor_HTS_Rotor(Energy_Component):
+    """This represents just the rotor of a HTS motor, i.e. the superconducting components.
+    This is used to estimate the power and cooling required for the HTS components.
+    The power used here could be considered the same as that used by the motor as inefficiency, however many publications consider the overall motor efficiency, i.e. including cryocooler and/or motor drive electronics.
+
+    Assumptions:
+    No ACLoss in the HTS,
+    HTS is operated within the Ic and Tc limits.
+    i.e the power used by the coil is only due to solder resistances only, and is not affected by the motor output power or speed.
+
+    Source:
+    None
+    """      
+    def __defaults__(self):
+        """This sets the default values for the component to function.
+
+        Assumptions:
+        None
+
+        Source:
+        N/A
+
+        Inputs:
+        None
+
+        Outputs:
+        None
+
+        Properties Used:
+        None
+        """              
+        self.temperature        =   0.0     # Temperature inside of the rotor           [K]
+        self.skin_temp          = 300.0     # Temperature of the outside of the rotor   [K]
+        self.current            =   0.0     # HTS coil current.                         [A]
+        self.resistance         =   0.0     # Resistance of the HTS oils.               [ohm]
+        self.length             =   0.0     # Physical size of rotor exterior           [m]
+        self.diameter           =   0.0     # Physical size of rotor exterior           [m]
+        self.surface_area       =   0.0     # Surface area of the rotor.                [m2]
+        self.R_value            = 125.0     # R_Value of the cryostat wall.             [K.m2/W]
+        self.number_of_engines  =   2.0     # Number of rotors on the vehicle
+
+    def power(self, current, ambient_temp):
+        """ Calculates the electrical power draw from the HTS coils, and the total heating load on the HTS rotor cryostat.
+
+        Assumptions:
+        No ACLoss in the HTS,
+        HTS is operated within the Ic and Tc limits.
+        i.e the power used by the coil is only due to solder resistances only.
+
+        Source:
+        N/A
+
+        Inputs:
+        current             [A]
+        ambient_temp        [K]
+
+        Outputs:
+        input_power         [W]
+        cryogenic_load      [W]
+
+        Properties Used:
+        self.
+            temperature     [K]
+            resistance      [ohm]
+            surface_area    [m2]
+            R_value         [K.m2/W]
+        """
+        # unpack
+        cryo_temp       = self.temperature
+        coil_R          = self.resistance
+        surface_area    = self.surface_area
+        r_value         = self.R_value
+
+        # Calculate HTS coil power
+        # This is both the electrical power required to operate the coil, and the thermal load imparted by the coil into the cryostat.
+        coil_power      = coil_R * current**2
+        coil_voltage    = current*coil_R
+
+        # Estimate heating from external heat conducting through the cryostat wall.
+        # Given the non-cryogenic armature coils are usually very close to this external wall it is likely the temperature at the wall is above ambient.
+        Q = (ambient_temp - cryo_temp)/(r_value/surface_area)
+
+        # Sum the heat loads to give total rotor heat load.
+        cryo_load = coil_power + Q
+
+        # Store the outputs.
+        self.outputs.coil_power     = coil_power
+        self.outputs.coil_voltage   = coil_voltage
+        self.outputs.cryo_load      = cryo_load
+
+        return coil_power

trunk/SUAVE/Components/Energy/Converters/Turboelectric.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+## @ingroup Components-Energy-Converters
+# Turboelectric.py
+#
+# Created:  Nov 2019, K. Hamilton
+# Modified: Nov 2021, S. Claridge
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Imports
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# suave imports
+import SUAVE
+
+# package imports
+from SUAVE.Core import Units
+from SUAVE.Components.Energy.Energy_Component import Energy_Component
+from SUAVE.Methods.Power.Turboelectric.Discharge import zero_fidelity
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Turboelectric Class
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+## @ingroup Components-Energy-Converters
+class Turboelectric(Energy_Component):
+    """This is a turboelectic component.
+
+    Assumptions:
+    None
+
+    Source:
+    None
+    """    
+    def __defaults__(self):
+        """This sets the default values for the component to function.
+
+        Assumptions:
+        None
+
+        Source:
+        https://new.siemens.com/global/en/products/energy/power-generation/gas-turbines/sgt-a30-a35-rb.html
+
+        Inputs:
+        None
+
+        Outputs:
+        None
+
+        Properties Used:
+        None
+        """           
+        self.propellant             = None
+        self.oxidizer               = None
+        self.number_of_engines      = 0.0                     # number of turboelectric machines, not propulsors
+        self.efficiency             = .37                     # Approximate average gross efficiency across the product range.
+        self.volume                 = 0.0                     
+        self.rated_power            = 0.0
+        self.mass_properties.mass   = 0.0 
+        self.specific_power         = 0.0
+        self.mass_density           = 0.0
+        self.discharge_model        = zero_fidelity         # Simply takes the fuel specific power and applies an efficiency.        
+
+
+
+    def energy_calc(self,conditions,numerics):
+        """This calls the assigned discharge method.
+
+        Assumptions:
+        None
+
+        Source:
+        N/A
+
+        Inputs:
+        see properties used
+
+        Outputs:
+        mdot     [kg/s] (units may change depending on selected model)
+
+        Properties Used:
+        self.discharge_model(self, conditions, numerics)
+        """           
+
+        mdot = self.discharge_model(self, conditions, numerics)
+        return mdot  
+
+

trunk/SUAVE/Components/Energy/Converters/__init__.py

@@ -25,3 +25,5 @@
 from .Rotor                      import Rotor
 from .Lift_Rotor                 import Lift_Rotor
 from .Propeller                  import Propeller
+from .Motor_HTS_Rotor            import Motor_HTS_Rotor
+from .Turboelectric              import Turboelectric