feat(core): impl consensus encoding for bool (#4120)

Description
---
Adds Consensus(Encoding|Decoding) for `bool`

Motivation and Context
---
Bool type encoding is required for future side chain structs.

How Has This Been Tested?
---
New unit tests

base_layer/core/src/consensus/consensus_encoding.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 //  WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
 //  USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
+mod bool;
 mod bytes;
 mod crypto;
 mod epoch_time;

base_layer/core/src/consensus/consensus_encoding/bool.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+//  Copyright 2022, The Tari Project
+//
+//  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the
+//  following conditions are met:
+//
+//  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+//  disclaimer.
+//
+//  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
+//  following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+//  3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
+//  products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+//  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
+//  INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+//  DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+//  SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+//  SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+//  WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
+//  USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+use std::io;
+
+use crate::consensus::{ConsensusDecoding, ConsensusEncoding, ConsensusEncodingSized};
+
+impl ConsensusEncoding for bool {
+    fn consensus_encode<W: io::Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
+        writer.write_all(&[*self as u8])?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl ConsensusEncodingSized for bool {
+    fn consensus_encode_exact_size(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+}
+
+impl ConsensusDecoding for bool {
+    fn consensus_decode<R: io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> Result<Self, io::Error> {
+        let mut buf = [0u8; 1];
+        reader.read_exact(&mut buf)?;
+        match buf[0] {
+            0 => Ok(false),
+            1 => Ok(true),
+            b => Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                format!("valid bool values are 0 or 1, got '{}'", b),
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use rand::{rngs::OsRng, RngCore};
+
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::consensus::check_consensus_encoding_correctness;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn it_encodes_and_decodes_correctly() {
+        let subject = true;
+        check_consensus_encoding_correctness(subject).unwrap();
+
+        let subject = false;
+        check_consensus_encoding_correctness(subject).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn it_fails_decoding_for_invalid_values() {
+        let mut buf = [0u8];
+        while buf[0] == 0 || buf[0] == 1 {
+            OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut buf);
+        }
+        bool::consensus_decode(&mut buf.as_slice()).unwrap_err();
+    }
+}