vsphere.go

/*
 * Copyright 2014 VMware, Inc.  All rights reserved.  Licensed under the Apache v2 License.
 */

package vmwarevsphere

import (
	"archive/tar"
	"encoding/base64"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/docker/machine/libmachine/drivers"
	"github.com/docker/machine/libmachine/log"
	"github.com/docker/machine/libmachine/mcnflag"
	"github.com/docker/machine/libmachine/mcnutils"
	"github.com/docker/machine/libmachine/ssh"
	"github.com/docker/machine/libmachine/state"

	"errors"

	"github.com/vmware/govmomi"
	"github.com/vmware/govmomi/find"
	"github.com/vmware/govmomi/guest"
	"github.com/vmware/govmomi/object"
	"github.com/vmware/govmomi/vim25/mo"
	"github.com/vmware/govmomi/vim25/soap"
	"github.com/vmware/govmomi/vim25/types"
	"golang.org/x/net/context"
)

const (
	// dockerBridgeIP is the default IP address of the docker0 bridge.
	dockerBridgeIP = "172.17.0.1"
	isoFilename    = "boot2docker.iso"
	// B2DUser is the guest User for tools login
	B2DUser = "docker"
	// B2DPass is the guest Pass for tools login
	B2DPass = "tcuser"
)

type Driver struct {
	*drivers.BaseDriver
	Memory         int
	DiskSize       int
	CPU            int
	ISO            string
	Boot2DockerURL string
	CPUS           int

	IP         string
	Port       int
	Username   string
	Password   string
	Network    string
	Datastore  string
	Datacenter string
	Pool       string
	HostSystem string
	CfgParams  []string
	CloudInit  string

	SSHPassword string
}

const (
	defaultSSHUser  = B2DUser
	defaultSSHPass  = B2DPass
	defaultCpus     = 2
	defaultMemory   = 2048
	defaultDiskSize = 20480
	defaultSDKPort  = 443
)

// GetCreateFlags registers the flags this driver adds to
// "docker-machine create"
func (d *Driver) GetCreateFlags() []mcnflag.Flag {
	return []mcnflag.Flag{
		mcnflag.IntFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_CPU_COUNT",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-cpu-count",
			Usage:  "vSphere CPU number for docker VM",
			Value:  defaultCpus,
		},
		mcnflag.IntFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_MEMORY_SIZE",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-memory-size",
			Usage:  "vSphere size of memory for docker VM (in MB)",
			Value:  defaultMemory,
		},
		mcnflag.IntFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_DISK_SIZE",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-disk-size",
			Usage:  "vSphere size of disk for docker VM (in MB)",
			Value:  defaultDiskSize,
		},
		mcnflag.StringFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_BOOT2DOCKER_URL",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-boot2docker-url",
			Usage:  "vSphere URL for boot2docker image",
		},
		mcnflag.StringFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_VCENTER",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-vcenter",
			Usage:  "vSphere IP/hostname for vCenter",
		},
		mcnflag.IntFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_VCENTER_PORT",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-vcenter-port",
			Usage:  "vSphere Port for vCenter",
			Value:  defaultSDKPort,
		},
		mcnflag.StringFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_USERNAME",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-username",
			Usage:  "vSphere username",
		},
		mcnflag.StringFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_PASSWORD",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-password",
			Usage:  "vSphere password",
		},
		mcnflag.StringFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_NETWORK",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-network",
			Usage:  "vSphere network where the docker VM will be attached",
		},
		mcnflag.StringFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_DATASTORE",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-datastore",
			Usage:  "vSphere datastore for docker VM",
		},
		mcnflag.StringFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_DATACENTER",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-datacenter",
			Usage:  "vSphere datacenter for docker VM",
		},
		mcnflag.StringFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_POOL",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-pool",
			Usage:  "vSphere resource pool for docker VM",
		},
		mcnflag.StringFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_HOSTSYSTEM",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-hostsystem",
			Usage:  "vSphere compute resource where the docker VM will be instantiated. This can be omitted if using a cluster with DRS.",
		},
		mcnflag.StringSliceFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_CFGPARAM",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-cfgparam",
			Usage:  "vSphere vm configuration parameters (used for guestinfo)",
		},
		mcnflag.StringFlag{
			EnvVar: "VSPHERE_CLOUDINIT",
			Name:   "vmwarevsphere-cloudinit",
			Usage:  "vSphere cloud-init file or url to set in the guestinfo",
		},
	}
}

func NewDriver(hostName, storePath string) drivers.Driver {
	return &Driver{
		CPUS:        defaultCpus,
		Memory:      defaultMemory,
		DiskSize:    defaultDiskSize,
		SSHPassword: defaultSSHPass,
		Port:        defaultSDKPort,
		BaseDriver: &drivers.BaseDriver{
			SSHUser:     defaultSSHUser,
			MachineName: hostName,
			StorePath:   storePath,
		},
	}
}

func (d *Driver) GetSSHHostname() (string, error) {
	return d.GetIP()
}

func (d *Driver) GetSSHUsername() string {
	if d.SSHUser == "" {
		d.SSHUser = "docker"
	}

	return d.SSHUser
}

// DriverName returns the name of the driver
func (d *Driver) DriverName() string {
	return "vmwarevsphere"
}

func (d *Driver) SetConfigFromFlags(flags drivers.DriverOptions) error {
	d.SSHUser = "docker"
	d.SSHPort = 22
	d.CPU = flags.Int("vmwarevsphere-cpu-count")
	d.Memory = flags.Int("vmwarevsphere-memory-size")
	d.DiskSize = flags.Int("vmwarevsphere-disk-size")
	d.Boot2DockerURL = flags.String("vmwarevsphere-boot2docker-url")
	d.IP = flags.String("vmwarevsphere-vcenter")
	d.Port = flags.Int("vmwarevsphere-vcenter-port")
	d.Username = flags.String("vmwarevsphere-username")
	d.Password = flags.String("vmwarevsphere-password")
	d.Network = flags.String("vmwarevsphere-network")
	d.Datastore = flags.String("vmwarevsphere-datastore")
	d.Datacenter = flags.String("vmwarevsphere-datacenter")
	d.Pool = flags.String("vmwarevsphere-pool")
	d.HostSystem = flags.String("vmwarevsphere-hostsystem")
	d.CfgParams = flags.StringSlice("vmwarevsphere-cfgparam")
	d.CloudInit = flags.String("vmwarevsphere-cloudinit")
	d.SetSwarmConfigFromFlags(flags)

	d.ISO = d.ResolveStorePath(isoFilename)

	return nil
}

func (d *Driver) GetURL() (string, error) {

	ip, err := d.GetIP()
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	if ip == "" {
		return "", nil
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("tcp://%s", net.JoinHostPort(ip, "2376")), nil
}

func (d *Driver) GetIP() (string, error) {
	status, err := d.GetState()
	if status != state.Running {
		return "", drivers.ErrHostIsNotRunning
	}

	// Create context
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	defer cancel()

	c, err := d.vsphereLogin(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	defer c.Logout(ctx)

	vm, err := d.fetchVM(ctx, c, d.MachineName)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	configuredMacIPs, err := vm.WaitForNetIP(ctx, false)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	for _, ips := range configuredMacIPs {
		if len(ips) >= 0 {
			// Prefer IPv4 address, but fall back to first/IPv6
			preferredIP := ips[0]
			for _, ip := range ips {
				// In addition to non IPv4 addresses, try to filter
				// out link local addresses and the default address of
				// the Docker0 bridge
				netIP := net.ParseIP(ip)
				if netIP.To4() != nil && netIP.IsGlobalUnicast() && !netIP.Equal(net.ParseIP(dockerBridgeIP)) {
					preferredIP = ip
					break
				}
			}
			return preferredIP, nil
		}
	}

	return "", errors.New("No IP despite waiting for one - check DHCP status")
}

func (d *Driver) GetState() (state.State, error) {

	// Create context
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	defer cancel()

	c, err := d.vsphereLogin(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return state.None, err
	}
	defer c.Logout(ctx)

	vm, err := d.fetchVM(ctx, c, d.MachineName)
	if err != nil {
		return state.None, err
	}

	var mvm mo.VirtualMachine

	err = c.RetrieveOne(ctx, vm.Reference(), nil, &mvm)
	if err != nil {
		return state.None, nil
	}

	s := mvm.Summary

	if strings.Contains(string(s.Runtime.PowerState), "poweredOn") {
		return state.Running, nil
	} else if strings.Contains(string(s.Runtime.PowerState), "poweredOff") {
		return state.Stopped, nil
	}
	return state.None, nil
}

// PreCreateCheck checks that the machine creation process can be started safely.
func (d *Driver) PreCreateCheck() error {
	log.Debug("Connecting to vSphere for pre-create checks...")
	// Create context
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	defer cancel()

	c, err := d.vsphereLogin(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer c.Logout(ctx)

	// Create a new finder
	f := find.NewFinder(c.Client, true)

	dc, err := f.DatacenterOrDefault(ctx, d.Datacenter)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	f.SetDatacenter(dc)

	if _, err := f.DatastoreOrDefault(ctx, d.Datastore); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if _, err := f.NetworkOrDefault(ctx, d.Network); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	var hs *object.HostSystem
	if d.HostSystem != "" {
		var err error
		hs, err = f.HostSystemOrDefault(ctx, d.HostSystem)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// ResourcePool
	if d.Pool != "" {
		// Find specified Resource Pool
		if _, err := f.ResourcePool(ctx, d.Pool); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	} else if hs != nil {
		// Pick default Resource Pool for Host System
		if _, err := hs.ResourcePool(ctx); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	} else {
		// Pick the default Resource Pool for the Datacenter.
		if _, err := f.DefaultResourcePool(ctx); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// Create has the following implementation:
// 1. check whether the docker directory contains the boot2docker ISO
// 2. generate an SSH keypair and bundle it in a tar.
// 3. create a virtual machine with the boot2docker ISO mounted;
// 4. reconfigure the virtual machine network and disk size;
func (d *Driver) Create() error {
	b2dutils := mcnutils.NewB2dUtils(d.StorePath)
	if err := b2dutils.CopyIsoToMachineDir(d.Boot2DockerURL, d.MachineName); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	log.Infof("Generating SSH Keypair...")
	if err := ssh.GenerateSSHKey(d.GetSSHKeyPath()); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Create context
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	defer cancel()

	c, err := d.vsphereLogin(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer c.Logout(ctx)

	// Create a new finder
	f := find.NewFinder(c.Client, true)

	dc, err := f.DatacenterOrDefault(ctx, d.Datacenter)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	f.SetDatacenter(dc)

	dss, err := f.DatastoreOrDefault(ctx, d.Datastore)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	net, err := f.NetworkOrDefault(ctx, d.Network)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	var hs *object.HostSystem
	if d.HostSystem != "" {
		var err error
		hs, err = f.HostSystemOrDefault(ctx, d.HostSystem)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	var rp *object.ResourcePool
	if d.Pool != "" {
		// Find specified Resource Pool
		rp, err = f.ResourcePool(ctx, d.Pool)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	} else if d.HostSystem != "" {
		// Pick default Resource Pool for Host System
		rp, err = hs.ResourcePool(ctx)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	} else {
		// Pick the default Resource Pool for the Datacenter.
		rp, err = f.DefaultResourcePool(ctx)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	spec := types.VirtualMachineConfigSpec{
		Name:     d.MachineName,
		GuestId:  "otherLinux64Guest",
		Files:    &types.VirtualMachineFileInfo{VmPathName: fmt.Sprintf("[%s]", dss.Name())},
		NumCPUs:  int32(d.CPU),
		MemoryMB: int64(d.Memory),
	}

	scsi, err := object.SCSIControllerTypes().CreateSCSIController("pvscsi")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	spec.DeviceChange = append(spec.DeviceChange, &types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpec{
		Operation: types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecOperationAdd,
		Device:    scsi,
	})

	log.Infof("Creating VM...")
	folders, err := dc.Folders(ctx)
	task, err := folders.VmFolder.CreateVM(ctx, spec, rp, hs)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	info, err := task.WaitForResult(ctx, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	log.Infof("Uploading Boot2docker ISO ...")
	dsurl, err := dss.URL(ctx, dc, fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", d.MachineName, isoFilename))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	p := soap.DefaultUpload
	if err = c.Client.UploadFile(d.ISO, dsurl, &p); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Retrieve the new VM
	vm := object.NewVirtualMachine(c.Client, info.Result.(types.ManagedObjectReference))

	devices, err := vm.Device(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	var add []types.BaseVirtualDevice

	controller, err := devices.FindDiskController("scsi")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	disk := devices.CreateDisk(controller, dss.Reference(),
		dss.Path(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s.vmdk", d.MachineName, d.MachineName)))

	// Convert MB to KB
	disk.CapacityInKB = int64(d.DiskSize) * 1024

	add = append(add, disk)
	ide, err := devices.FindIDEController("")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	cdrom, err := devices.CreateCdrom(ide)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	add = append(add, devices.InsertIso(cdrom, dss.Path(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", d.MachineName, isoFilename))))

	backing, err := net.EthernetCardBackingInfo(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	netdev, err := object.EthernetCardTypes().CreateEthernetCard("vmxnet3", backing)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	log.Infof("Reconfiguring VM...")
	add = append(add, netdev)
	if vm.AddDevice(ctx, add...); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Adding some guestinfo data
	var opts []types.BaseOptionValue
	for _, param := range d.CfgParams {
		v := strings.SplitN(param, "=", 2)
		key := v[0]
		value := ""
		if len(v) > 1 {
			value = v[1]
		}
		fmt.Printf("Setting %s to %s\n", key, value)
		opts = append(opts, &types.OptionValue{
			Key:   key,
			Value: value,
		})
	}
	if d.CloudInit != "" {
		if _, err := url.ParseRequestURI(d.CloudInit); err == nil {
			log.Infof("setting guestinfo.cloud-init.data.url to %s\n", d.CloudInit)
			opts = append(opts, &types.OptionValue{
				Key:   "guestinfo.cloud-init.config.url",
				Value: d.CloudInit,
			})
		} else {
			if _, err := os.Stat(d.CloudInit); err == nil {
				if value, err := ioutil.ReadFile(d.CloudInit); err == nil {
					log.Infof("setting guestinfo.cloud-init.data to encoded content of %s\n", d.CloudInit)
					encoded := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(value)
					opts = append(opts, &types.OptionValue{
						Key:   "guestinfo.cloud-init.config.data",
						Value: encoded,
					})
					opts = append(opts, &types.OptionValue{
						Key:   "guestinfo.cloud-init.data.encoding",
						Value: "base64",
					})
				}
			}
		}
	}

	task, err = vm.Reconfigure(ctx, types.VirtualMachineConfigSpec{
		ExtraConfig: opts,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	task.Wait(ctx)

	if err := d.Start(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	log.Infof("Provisioning certs and ssh keys...")
	// Generate a tar keys bundle
	if err := d.generateKeyBundle(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	opman := guest.NewOperationsManager(c.Client, vm.Reference())

	fileman, err := opman.FileManager(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	src := d.ResolveStorePath("userdata.tar")
	s, err := os.Stat(src)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	auth := AuthFlag{}
	flag := FileAttrFlag{}
	auth.auth.Username = B2DUser
	auth.auth.Password = B2DPass
	flag.SetPerms(0, 0, 660)
	url, err := fileman.InitiateFileTransferToGuest(ctx, auth.Auth(), "/home/docker/userdata.tar", flag.Attr(), s.Size(), true)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	u, err := c.Client.ParseURL(url)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err = c.Client.UploadFile(src, u, nil); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	procman, err := opman.ProcessManager(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// first, untar - only boot2docker has /var/lib/boot2docker
	// TODO: don't hard-code to docker & staff - they are also just b2d
	var env []string
	guestspec := types.GuestProgramSpec{
		ProgramPath:      "/usr/bin/sudo",
		Arguments:        "/usr/bin/sudo /bin/sh -c \"tar xvf /home/docker/userdata.tar -C /home/docker > /var/log/userdata.log 2>&1 && chown -R docker:staff /home/docker\"",
		WorkingDirectory: "",
		EnvVariables:     env,
	}

	_, err = procman.StartProgram(ctx, auth.Auth(), &guestspec)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// now move to /var/lib/boot2docker if its there
	guestspec = types.GuestProgramSpec{
		ProgramPath:      "/usr/bin/sudo",
		Arguments:        "/bin/mv /home/docker/userdata.tar /var/lib/boot2docker/userdata.tar",
		WorkingDirectory: "",
		EnvVariables:     env,
	}

	_, err = procman.StartProgram(ctx, auth.Auth(), &guestspec)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func (d *Driver) Start() error {
	machineState, err := d.GetState()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	switch machineState {
	case state.Running:
		log.Infof("VM %s has already been started", d.MachineName)
		return nil
	case state.Stopped:
		// TODO add transactional or error handling in the following steps
		// Create context
		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
		defer cancel()

		c, err := d.vsphereLogin(ctx)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		defer c.Logout(ctx)

		vm, err := d.fetchVM(ctx, c, d.MachineName)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		task, err := vm.PowerOn(ctx)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		_, err = task.WaitForResult(ctx, nil)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		log.Infof("Waiting for VMware Tools to come online...")
		if d.IPAddress, err = d.GetIP(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (d *Driver) Stop() error {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	defer cancel()

	c, err := d.vsphereLogin(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer c.Logout(ctx)

	vm, err := d.fetchVM(ctx, c, d.MachineName)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if err := vm.ShutdownGuest(ctx); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	d.IPAddress = ""

	return nil
}

func (d *Driver) Restart() error {
	if err := d.Stop(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Check for 120 seconds for the machine to stop
	for i := 1; i <= 60; i++ {
		machineState, err := d.GetState()
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if machineState == state.Running {
			log.Debugf("Not there yet %d/%d", i, 60)
			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
			continue
		}
		if machineState == state.Stopped {
			break
		}
	}

	machineState, err := d.GetState()
	// If the VM is still running after 120 seconds just kill it.
	if machineState == state.Running {
		if err = d.Kill(); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("can't stop VM: %s", err)
		}
	}

	return d.Start()
}

func (d *Driver) Kill() error {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	defer cancel()

	c, err := d.vsphereLogin(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer c.Logout(ctx)

	vm, err := d.fetchVM(ctx, c, d.MachineName)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	task, err := vm.PowerOff(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	_, err = task.WaitForResult(ctx, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	d.IPAddress = ""

	return nil
}

func (d *Driver) Remove() error {
	machineState, err := d.GetState()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if machineState == state.Running {
		if err = d.Kill(); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("can't stop VM: %s", err)
		}
	}
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	defer cancel()

	c, err := d.vsphereLogin(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer c.Logout(ctx)

	// Create a new finder
	f := find.NewFinder(c.Client, true)

	dc, err := f.DatacenterOrDefault(ctx, d.Datacenter)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	f.SetDatacenter(dc)

	dss, err := f.DatastoreOrDefault(ctx, d.Datastore)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Remove B2D Iso from VM folder
	m := object.NewFileManager(c.Client)
	task, err := m.DeleteDatastoreFile(ctx, dss.Path(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", d.MachineName, isoFilename)), dc)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = task.Wait(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		if types.IsFileNotFound(err) {
			// Ignore error
			return nil
		}
	}

	vm, err := d.fetchVM(ctx, c, d.MachineName)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	task, err = vm.Destroy(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	_, err = task.WaitForResult(ctx, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

func (d *Driver) Upgrade() error {
	return fmt.Errorf("upgrade is not supported for vsphere driver at this moment")
}

func (d *Driver) publicSSHKeyPath() string {
	return d.GetSSHKeyPath() + ".pub"
}

// Make a boot2docker userdata.tar key bundle
func (d *Driver) generateKeyBundle() error {
	log.Debugf("Creating Tar key bundle...")

	magicString := "boot2docker, this is vmware speaking"

	tf, err := os.Create(d.ResolveStorePath("userdata.tar"))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer tf.Close()
	var fileWriter = tf

	tw := tar.NewWriter(fileWriter)
	defer tw.Close()

	// magicString first so we can figure out who originally wrote the tar.
	file := &tar.Header{Name: magicString, Size: int64(len(magicString))}
	if err := tw.WriteHeader(file); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err := tw.Write([]byte(magicString)); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// .ssh/key.pub => authorized_keys
	file = &tar.Header{Name: ".ssh", Typeflag: tar.TypeDir, Mode: 0700}
	if err := tw.WriteHeader(file); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	pubKey, err := ioutil.ReadFile(d.publicSSHKeyPath())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	file = &tar.Header{Name: ".ssh/authorized_keys", Size: int64(len(pubKey)), Mode: 0644}
	if err := tw.WriteHeader(file); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err := tw.Write([]byte(pubKey)); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	file = &tar.Header{Name: ".ssh/authorized_keys2", Size: int64(len(pubKey)), Mode: 0644}
	if err := tw.WriteHeader(file); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err := tw.Write([]byte(pubKey)); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := tw.Close(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil

}

func (d *Driver) vsphereLogin(ctx context.Context) (*govmomi.Client, error) {

	// Parse URL from string
	u, err := url.Parse(fmt.Sprintf("https://%s:%d/sdk", d.IP, d.Port))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// set username and password for the URL
	u.User = url.UserPassword(d.Username, d.Password)

	// Connect and log in to ESX or vCenter
	c, err := govmomi.NewClient(ctx, u, true)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return c, nil
}

func (d *Driver) fetchVM(ctx context.Context, c *govmomi.Client, vmname string) (*object.VirtualMachine, error) {

	// Create a new finder
	f := find.NewFinder(c.Client, true)

	var vm *object.VirtualMachine
	var err error

	dc, err := f.DatacenterOrDefault(ctx, d.Datacenter)
	if err != nil {
		return vm, err
	}

	f.SetDatacenter(dc)

	vm, err = f.VirtualMachine(ctx, vmname)
	if err != nil {
		return vm, err
	}
	return vm, nil
}

type AuthFlag struct {
	auth types.NamePasswordAuthentication
}

func (f *AuthFlag) Auth() types.BaseGuestAuthentication {
	return &f.auth
}

type FileAttrFlag struct {
	types.GuestPosixFileAttributes
}

func (f *FileAttrFlag) SetPerms(owner, group, perms int) {
	f.OwnerId = int32(owner)
	f.GroupId = int32(group)
	f.Permissions = int64(perms)
}

func (f *FileAttrFlag) Attr() types.BaseGuestFileAttributes {
	return &f.GuestPosixFileAttributes
}