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INTRODUCTION

    nepim stands for network pipemeter, a tool for measuring
    available bandwidth between hosts. nepim is also useful to
    generate network traffic for testing purposes.

    nepim operates in client/server mode, is able to handle
    multiple parallel traffic streams, reports periodic partial
    statistics along the testing, accepts rich tuning from
command-line, supports multicast and IPv6.

LICENSE

    nepim - network pipemeter
    Copyright (C) 2005 Everton da Silva Marques

    nepim is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
    published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2,
    or (at your option) any later version.

    nepim is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
    License along with nepim; see the file COPYING.  If not, write
    to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite
    330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

HOME

    nepim lives at https://github.com/udhos/nepim

REQUIREMENTS

    nepim depends on Liboop (1.0 or higher), available at:

    http://download.ofb.net/liboop/

    http://directory.fsf.org/libs/c/liboop.html

    http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libo/liboop/liboop_1.0.orig.tar.gz

    http://liboop.org/

BUILDING

    nepim has been tested under Linux, Solaris and FreeBSD, though
    it should work under other platforms as well. If you manage to
    build nepim for different systems, please send the patch.

    Before compiling nepim, install Liboop on your system.

    Then type:

    $ cd src
    $ make

    If you have Liboop installed on a special location, pass it to
    the make, as in the following example:

    $ cd src
    $ make OOP_BASE=/usr/local/oop

    Afterwards copy the 'nepim' binary to your system's proper
    filesystem location. For instance:

    $ cp nepim /usr/local/bin

    If you face trouble compiling, try tweaking the
    Makefile. Otherwise, post your problem at nepim support site.

--

* Tip for building with 64-bit Solaris:

# 1. Use Solaris' 64-bit libraries
lib64=/usr/local/lib/sparcv9

# 2. Decide where 64-bit Liboop will lie
liboop=$lib64/oop

# 3. When building Liboop:
#    Configure Liboop to link against 64-bit libraries
CFLAGS="-m64 -mcpu=v9" LDFLAGS=-R$lib64 ./configure --prefix=$liboop

# 4. When building nepim:
#    Simply pass the Liboop base location to make
make build OOP_BASE=$liboop

BASIC USAGE

    Starting the server:

    $ nepim

    Starting the client against one server located at 10.10.10.10:

    $ nepim -c 10.10.10.10 -d

    Display brief help about command line options:

    $ nepim -h

EXAMPLE

    Running nepim in server mode at the server host:

server$ nepim
nepim - network pipemeter - version 0.27
server: tcp_read=32768 tcp_write=32768 udp_read=4096 udp_write=4096
3: TCP socket listening on ::,1234
sock.c: nepim_create_socket: bind(4,0.0.0.0,1234): errno=98: Address already in use
server.c spawn_tcp_listener: TCP listener socket failed for 0.0.0.0,1234: -3
4: UDP socket listening on ::,1234
4: pmtud_mode=1 path_mtu=-11 mss=-19 tos=0 ttl=64 mcast_ttl=1 win_recv=109568 win_send=109568 sock_ka=0 nodelay=-10
5: UDP socket listening on 0.0.0.0,1234
5: pmtud_mode=1 path_mtu=-11 mss=-19 tos=0 ttl=64 mcast_ttl=1 win_recv=109568 win_send=109568 sock_ka=0 nodelay=-10
nepim: server ready

    Running nepim in client mode at the client host:

client$ nepim -c localhost -d -r 100000
nepim - network pipemeter - version 0.27
client: tcp_read=32768 tcp_write=32768
not a UNIX domain path: localhost: errno=2: No such file or directory
TCP socket solving localhost,1234
TCP socket trying 127.0.0.1,1234
DEBUG FIXME sock.c nepim_connect_client_socket slow synchronous connect
3: TCP socket connected to 127.0.0.1,1234
3: sending: hello server_send=1 bit_rate=100000 pkt_rate=-1 stat_interval=2 test_duration=10 write_delay=250000 server_ka_send=0 server_ka_req=0 seed=0xd4d2e835 verify_data=0 random_fill=1 fill_byte=0x00 pause_duration=0 sock_ka=1 nagle=-1 overhead=0 password=
3: greetings sent to 127.0.0.1,1234
3: pmtud_mode=1 path_mtu=16436 mss=16383 tos=0 ttl=64 mcast_ttl=1 win_recv=87856 win_send=50568 sock_ka=1 nodelay=0
                  kbps_in   kbps_out    rcv/s    snd/s
  3  prt     8     100.00     100.00     4.00     4.00
  3  prt     6     100.00     100.00     4.00     4.00
  3  prt     4     100.00     100.00     4.00     4.00
  3  prt     2     100.00     100.00     4.00     4.00
  3  avg     0     100.00     100.00     4.00     4.00
3: pmtud_mode=1 path_mtu=16436 mss=16384 tos=0 ttl=64 mcast_ttl=1 win_recv=87856 win_send=50568 sock_ka=1 nodelay=0
nepim: no event sink registered
nepim: done

USAGE HINTS

    * nepim is useful to assess the throughput at the transport
    layer (TCP or UDP) as seen by applications.

    * nepim runs single-threaded and should impose very light
    burden on your CPU. Unless, of course, your testing hosts have
    relatively high network bandwidth compared to low CPU power.

* The client/server interaction is friendly to clients hosted
behind Dynamic NAT or stateful firewalls: to build a
connection, the client needs to reach only one transport-layer
port on the server; test options are negotiated in the
beginning of that single data connection; there is not any
control connection.

* Test duration defaults to 10 seconds. The "-a" client option
can supply a distinct duration. Releases higher than 0.31
recognize some time suffixes: m=minute, h=hour, d=day. For
instance:

Up to 0.31			Higher than 0.31
--------------------------	------------------------
nepim -c 10.0.0.1 -a 120	nepim -c 10.0.0.1 -a 2m
nepim -c 10.0.0.1 -a 3600	nepim -c 10.0.0.1 -a 1h
nepim -c 10.0.0.1 -a 43200	nepim -c 10.0.0.1 -a .5d

    * One single server can service multiple clients
simultaneously.

    * As of nepim 0.11, one single client can interact
    simultaneously with multiple servers. For instance, suppose
    you want to test, from a single client, two remote servers,
    one located at 10.0.0.1,2000 and another at 192.168.0.1,3000:

            nepim -c 10.0.0.1,2000 -c 192.168.0.1,3000

    * The server listens to both TCP and UDP sockets. The client
    by default uses TCP sockets. Use the "-u" client option to
    switch the client operation to UDP.

    * By default, only the server sends traffic towards the
    client. Use the "-s" client option to reverse the behavior,
    then only the client will send traffic. Use the "-d" client
    option to make both client and server to send traffic.

* Starting from nepim 0.32, options -r,-R,-e accept
multiplicative suffixes and floating point rates. Examples:

-r .25g   = 250,000,000 bps
-r .1m    =     100,000 bps
-R .02k   =          20 pps

    * Use the "-r" client option to establish an upper bit rate
    limit. Without a rate limiting option, nepim sends as fast as
    possible. See also "-R" below. Please notice the rate is
    specified in bps (bits per second); for instance, the
    following example states a rate limit of 100,000 bps (100
    Kbps):

            nepim -c 10.0.0.1 -r 100000

    * Use the "-R" client option to establish an upper "packet"
    rate limit (outbound rate limit for transport layer
    segments). Without a rate limiting option, nepim sends as fast
    as possible. If both "-r" and "-R" are given, nepim limits the
    sending rate at the lower of those bounds.

* The options "-r" and "-R" try to send some packets whenever
a constant period is reached. The default period can be
changed with the "-D" client option, in microseconds. "-D" is
meaningful only when specified before "-r" or "-R". Example:

	nepim -c 10.0.0.1 -D 100000 -R 20

* The "-e send-rate" client option tries to generate a
constant data rate with segments sent at regular intervals. It
should not be combined with "-D", "-r" or "-R", and might be
processor-intensive. Example for 10 segments per second:

	nepim -c 10.0.0.1 -e 10

    * Use the "-n" client option to run multiple parallel traffic
    streams.

    * Use the "-b" server option to make the server to listen on
    specific local addresses.

    * Use the "-6" option to disable IPv6 support.

    * Use the "-4" option to disable IPv4 support.

    * Multicast support is special. Use the "-j" server switch to
    join a multicast group, then specify the "-M" client switch to
    enable multicast-compatible options. Example:

            server$ nepim -j ff01::1111

            client$ nepim -M -c ff01::1111 -r 100000

* Use the "-j source+group" syntax to join an Source-Specific
Multicast (source,group) pair. Examples:

	server$ nepim -j fe80::1+ff01::1111

	server$ nepim -j 10.10.10.10+232.1.1.1,2000

* In the "-j" option, append "@interface" to group in order to
specify an interface. Examples:

            server$ nepim -j 239.1.1.1@eth0             ;# by name

            server$ nepim -j 1.1.1.1+232.1.1.1@10.0.0.1 ;# by address

            server$ nepim -j 239.1.1.1@1                ;# by index

    	server$ nepim -j ::1+ff01::1111@eth1        ;# by name

	server$ nepim -j ::1+ff01::1111@2           ;# by index

    * The "-k" switch provides a simple password mechanism for
    client authentication. Just use the same password at both
    sides:

            server$ nepim -k 321

            client$ nepim -k 321 -c server-hostname

* One can specify the "-F" switch to force sending out UDP
packets regardless of a remote server.

	client$ nepim -F -c 1.1.1.1 -r 100000

* The "-F" switch accepts suboption 'a' for randomizing
destination address, or 'p' for randomizing destination port.

	Example for randomizing both address and port:

	client$ nepim -Fap -R 10

	Example for randomizing IPv6 address and port:

	client$ nepim -c ::1 -Fap -R 10

* The "-U" option makes the server to listen on UNIX-domain
stream sockets. See the example below.

	server$ nepim -U /tmp/sock1

	client$ nepim -c /tmp/sock1

* By default, nepim uses only transport payload data to
compute incoming/outgoing rates. Such behavior is reasonable
for large packets (as in the standard 1500 bytes MTU for
Ethernet interfaces) since the encapsulation headers remain
comparatively small. However, as packets become smaller, the
effect of encapsulation on transfer rates grows. The "-o"
client option can be used to circumvent gross rate computation
errors caused by excessive per-packet encapsulation
overhead. The example below shows how the "-o" client option
should be used to specify a per-packet overhead of 28 bytes,
for UDP payloads of 100 bytes.

	server$ nepim -W 100

	client$ nepim -u -W 100 -d -r 100000 -c 10.10.10.10 -o 28

Notes:

1. The "-o" switch remains untested for TCP segments.

2. It is probably incorrect to specify "-o" with the default
       large UDP write size, which typically causes local
       fragmentation. Thus, in order to use the "-o" option, it
       is advisable to choose a payload size which would surely
       fit the UDP segment entirely into a single MTU. For
       instance, with a 1500-byte MTU, 1400 would likely suffice:

	server$ nepim -W 1400

	client$ nepim -u -W 1400 -d -r 100000 -c 10.10.10.10 -o

* The "-sweep low,high,step" client option cycles the write
size (segment payload) from "low" to "high" with a increment
of "step". "Low" must be lower than "high". If low=auto, "low"
receives the minimum possible value. If high=auto, "high"
receives the maximum possible value. If "step" is negative,
the scan moves from "high" to "low". If step=random, the write
size is random. Examples:

	client$ nepim -d -c 10.0.0.2 -R 5 -sweep 20,1400,10

	client$ nepim -d -c 10.0.0.2 -e 1 -sweep auto,auto,random

END

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nepim stands for network pipemeter, a tool for measuring available bandwidth between hosts.

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