Release candidate

[philipcmonk]

Fuller release notes will come later, but here's a release candidate for the next breach. This primarily includes the twin efforts of "static gall" and "new ames". Some highlights include:

• Ames extends duct mechanics across network, so you can "pass" and "give" over the network.
• Ames has framework for communicating backpressure. Currently, the rule is to cancel subscriptions if "not responding; still trying" and at least 5 messages in queue, but we may tune this as necessary.
• Ames supports arbitrary-length negative acks (possible cause of OWC).
• Ames protocol simplified
• A new rune, !<, has been introduced. It takes a mold and a vase, dynamically checks the type in the vase matches the mold, and produces the value typed with that type. In other words, !<(some-type !>(`some-type`value)) is just value.
• Gall apps made "static", which means they are just an instance of a particular type, namely agent:gall in sys/zuse.hoon.
• Because they're a static type, all gall apps have exactly 10 arms to handle the different sorts of input they might receive. This is much more explicit.
• Due to being a static type, it's much easier to create library functions that augment apps. For example, lib/verb is a function from agent to agent that wraps the agent with printfs describing every piece of input it receives. It can be turned on or off with :app +verb.
• Bones have been removed from apps.
• Gall is about 1000 lines shorter.
• The concept of "threads" is introduced, replacing tapps/async. These are temporary processes that operate within what Haskell would call the IO monad with a process tree.
• pH has been rewritten from an app to a library used by threads. Thus, each pH test is now an individual thread.

There is some preliminary documentation on agents, threads, and ph here:
agent.txt
thread.txt
ph-static.txt

Feel free to review a part at a time. "New Ames" changes primarily ames.hoon, with additional changes in clay, jael, and gall to support the new interface. Static gall has five main components: gall.hoon (+ap core rewritten), app/.hoon (apps converted to the new style), app/spider.hoon (thread manager, replacing tapps/async), ted/.hoon (threads, mostly converted from tapps), and ted/ph/*.hoon (new-style ph tests, which are just threads instead of a hand-rolled monad).

The only known issues are:

• Comets aren't working correctly. @belisarius222 is working on this and expects to solve it soon.
• @Fang- has reported that eth-watcher isn't working correctly as of today, but this hasn't been nailed down. It could be due to us upgrading our Ethereum nodes to be ready for Istanbul. Determined to be a timing issue; it used to be safe to reduce the time between jael updates.
• Backpressure was working, but a recent change broke it. I believe it needs to add the trigger for checking for %dead when enqueueing a new message. I believe this works correctly.
• If you leave a chat room for a while and come back, it doesn't give you all the backlog because it only resubscribes to the "new posts" path. It should retrieve all backlog since its last known post. @loganallenc is working on this.

[joemfb]

A couple minor cleanup requests:

[joemfb]

Since this is going into a breach, these members can now be removed from this struct. (Doing so in a hotfix would break the memory image.)

[joemfb]

This should be removed, IMO

[philipcmonk]

Both done

[joemfb]

LGTM!

Congrats to @philipcmonk and @belisarius222 on the new %ames and %gall implementations, and to everyone involved in this massive porting effort.