Define field in vite.config overwrites values inside of strings

[wgottschalk]

Describe the bug

Given an import such as:

import { something } from './process';

And my vite config defines a value that matches a subset of the import path:

// vite.config.ts
defineConfig({
  define: { process: {} }
})

When I build my app with the command: vite build
Then I get the following error:

Could not resolve './{}.js' from main.js
error during build:
Error: Could not resolve './{}.js' from main.js

It appears Vite is substituting the value of process even though it's defined inside of a string.

Expected Behavior: values inside of the string

Reproduction

https://stackblitz.com/edit/vitejs-vite-sf6mch?file=main.js

System Info

personal:
  
  System:
    OS: macOS 12.5
    CPU: (16) x64 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9980HK CPU @ 2.40GHz
    Memory: 535.39 MB / 64.00 GB
    Shell: 5.8.1 - /bin/zsh
  Binaries:
    Node: 16.16.0 - ~/.fnm/current/bin/node
    Yarn: 1.22.10 - /usr/local/bin/yarn
    npm: 8.11.0 - ~/.fnm/current/bin/npm
  Browsers:
    Chrome: 104.0.5112.79
    Firefox Developer Edition: 89.0
    Safari: 15.6
  npmPackages:
    @vitejs/plugin-react: ^2.0.0 => 2.0.0
    vite: ^3.0.0 => 3.0.4

stackblitz:

  System:
    OS: Linux 5.0 undefined
    CPU: (4) x64 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU @ 2.30GHz
    Memory: 0 Bytes / 0 Bytes
    Shell: 1.0 - /bin/jsh
  Binaries:
    Node: 16.14.2 - /usr/local/bin/node
    Yarn: 1.22.10 - /bin/yarn
    npm: 7.17.0 - /bin/npm
  npmPackages:
    vite: ^3.0.8 => 3.0.8 

### Used Package Manager

yarn

### Logs

```yarn build --debug
$ vite build --debug
  vite:config bundled config file loaded in 800.20ms +0ms
  vite:config using resolved config: {
  vite:config   define: { process: {} },
  vite:config   optimizeDeps: {
  vite:config     disabled: 'build',
  vite:config     force: undefined,
  vite:config     esbuildOptions: { preserveSymlinks: undefined }
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   build: {
  vite:config     target: [ 'es2020', 'edge88', 'firefox78', 'chrome87', 'safari13' ],
  vite:config     polyfillModulePreload: true,
  vite:config     outDir: 'dist',
  vite:config     assetsDir: 'assets',
  vite:config     assetsInlineLimit: 4096,
  vite:config     cssCodeSplit: true,
  vite:config     cssTarget: [ 'es2020', 'edge88', 'firefox78', 'chrome87', 'safari13' ],
  vite:config     sourcemap: false,
  vite:config     rollupOptions: {},
  vite:config     minify: 'esbuild',
  vite:config     terserOptions: {},
  vite:config     write: true,
  vite:config     emptyOutDir: null,
  vite:config     manifest: false,
  vite:config     lib: false,
  vite:config     ssr: false,
  vite:config     ssrManifest: false,
  vite:config     reportCompressedSize: true,
  vite:config     chunkSizeWarningLimit: 500,
  vite:config     watch: null,
  vite:config     commonjsOptions: { include: [Array], extensions: [Array] },
  vite:config     dynamicImportVarsOptions: { warnOnError: true, exclude: [Array] }
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   configFile: '/home/projects/vitejs-vite-sf6mch/vite.config.js',
  vite:config   configFileDependencies: [ '/home/projects/vitejs-vite-sf6mch/vite.config.js' ],
  vite:config   inlineConfig: {
  vite:config     root: undefined,
  vite:config     base: undefined,
  vite:config     mode: undefined,
  vite:config     configFile: undefined,
  vite:config     logLevel: undefined,
  vite:config     clearScreen: undefined,
  vite:config     optimizeDeps: { force: undefined },
  vite:config     build: {}
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   root: '/home/projects/vitejs-vite-sf6mch',
  vite:config   base: '/',
  vite:config   resolve: { alias: [ [Object], [Object] ] },
  vite:config   publicDir: '/home/projects/vitejs-vite-sf6mch/public',
  vite:config   cacheDir: '/home/projects/vitejs-vite-sf6mch/node_modules/.vite',
  vite:config   command: 'build',
  vite:config   mode: 'production',
  vite:config   ssr: {
  vite:config     format: 'esm',
  vite:config     target: 'node',
  vite:config     optimizeDeps: { disabled: true, esbuildOptions: [Object] }
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   isWorker: false,
  vite:config   mainConfig: null,
  vite:config   isProduction: true,
  vite:config   plugins: [
  vite:config     'vite:build-metadata',
  vite:config     'vite:pre-alias',
  vite:config     'alias',
  vite:config     'vite:modulepreload-polyfill',
  vite:config     'vite:resolve',
  vite:config     'vite:html-inline-proxy',
  vite:config     'vite:css',
  vite:config     'vite:esbuild',
  vite:config     'vite:json',
  vite:config     'vite:wasm-helper',
  vite:config     'vite:worker',
  vite:config     'vite:asset',
  vite:config     'vite:wasm-fallback',
  vite:config     'vite:define',
  vite:config     'vite:css-post',
  vite:config     'vite:build-html',
  vite:config     'vite:worker-import-meta-url',
  vite:config     'vite:watch-package-data',
  vite:config     'commonjs',
  vite:config     'vite:data-uri',
  vite:config     'vite:asset-import-meta-url',
  vite:config     'vite:dynamic-import-vars',
  vite:config     'vite:import-glob',
  vite:config     'vite:build-import-analysis',
  vite:config     'vite:esbuild-transpile',
  vite:config     'vite:terser',
  vite:config     'vite:reporter',
  vite:config     'vite:load-fallback'
  vite:config   ],
  vite:config   server: {
  vite:config     preTransformRequests: true,
  vite:config     middlewareMode: false,
  vite:config     fs: { strict: true, allow: [Array], deny: [Array] }
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   preview: {
  vite:config     port: undefined,
  vite:config     strictPort: undefined,
  vite:config     host: undefined,
  vite:config     https: undefined,
  vite:config     open: undefined,
  vite:config     proxy: undefined,
  vite:config     cors: undefined,
  vite:config     headers: undefined
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   env: { BASE_URL: '/', MODE: 'production', DEV: false, PROD: true },
  vite:config   assetsInclude: [Function: assetsInclude],
  vite:config   logger: {
  vite:config     hasWarned: false,
  vite:config     info: [Function: info],
  vite:config     warn: [Function: warn],
  vite:config     warnOnce: [Function: warnOnce],
  vite:config     error: [Function: error],
  vite:config     clearScreen: [Function: clearScreen],
  vite:config     hasErrorLogged: [Function: hasErrorLogged]
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   packageCache: Map(0) { set: [Function (anonymous)] },
  vite:config   createResolver: [Function: createResolver],
  vite:config   worker: {
  vite:config     format: 'iife',
  vite:config     plugins: [
  vite:config       'vite:build-metadata',
  vite:config       'vite:pre-alias',
  vite:config       'alias',
  vite:config       'vite:modulepreload-polyfill',
  vite:config       'vite:resolve',
  vite:config       'vite:html-inline-proxy',
  vite:config       'vite:css',
  vite:config       'vite:esbuild',
  vite:config       'vite:json',
  vite:config       'vite:wasm-helper',
  vite:config       'vite:worker',
  vite:config       'vite:asset',
  vite:config       'vite:wasm-fallback',
  vite:config       'vite:define',
  vite:config       'vite:css-post',
  vite:config       'vite:build-html',
  vite:config       'vite:worker-import-meta-url',
  vite:config       'vite:watch-package-data',
  vite:config       'commonjs',
  vite:config       'vite:data-uri',
  vite:config       'vite:asset-import-meta-url',
  vite:config       'vite:dynamic-import-vars',
  vite:config       'vite:import-glob',
  vite:config       'vite:build-import-analysis',
  vite:config       'vite:esbuild-transpile',
  vite:config       'vite:terser',
  vite:config       'vite:reporter',
  vite:config       'vite:load-fallback'
  vite:config     ],
  vite:config     rollupOptions: {}
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   appType: 'spa',
  vite:config   experimental: { importGlobRestoreExtension: false, hmrPartialAccept: false }
  vite:config } +7ms
vite v3.0.8 building for production...
✓ 3 modules transformed.
Could not resolve './{}.js' from main.js
error during build:
Error: Could not resolve './{}.js' from main.js
    at error (file:///home/projects/vitejs-vite-sf6mch/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:1888:30)
    at ModuleLoader.handleResolveId (file:///home/projects/vitejs-vite-sf6mch/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:22363:24)
    at eval (file:///home/projects/vitejs-vite-sf6mch/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:22326:26)

Validations

• Follow our Code of Conduct
• Read the Contributing Guidelines.
• Read the docs.
• Check that there isn't already an issue that reports the same bug to avoid creating a duplicate.
• Make sure this is a Vite issue and not a framework-specific issue. For example, if it's a Vue SFC related bug, it should likely be reported to vuejs/core instead.
• Check that this is a concrete bug. For Q&A open a GitHub Discussion or join our Discord Chat Server.
• The provided reproduction is a minimal reproducible example of the bug.

[sapphi-red]

This is an expected/documented behavior.
See https://vitejs.dev/config/shared-options.html#define.

related: #3304