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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Activity Vocabulary</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<body>
<section id="abstract">
<p>
This specification describes the Activity vocabulary. It is intended to be used in the context of the ActivityStreams 2.0 format and provides a foundational vocabulary for activity structures, and specific activity types.
</p>
<section id="authorsnote" class="informative">
<h2>Author's Note</h2>
<p>
This draft is heavily influenced by the JSON Activity
Streams 1.0 specification originally co-authored by Martin
Atkins, Will Norris, Chris Messina, Monica Wilkinson, Rob Dolin and
James Snell. The author is very thankful for their significant
contributions and gladly stands on their shoulders. Some portions of
the original text of Activity Streams 1.0 are used in this document.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sotd">
</section>
<section id="introduction">
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-core/">The Activity Streams 2.0 Core Syntax</a>
defines the JSON syntax for Activity Streams. This document defines the
vocabulary properties.
</p>
<p>
The Activity Streams 2.0 Vocabulary defines a set of abstract types
and properties that describe past, present and future Activities.
The vocabulary is defined in two parts:
<ol>
<li>
A Core set of properties describing the generalized structure of an
Activity; and
</li>
<li>
An Extended set of properties that cover specific types of Activities
and Artifacts common to many social Web application systems.
</li>
</ol>
</p>
<p>
While not all Activity Streams 2.0 implementations are expected to
implement support for the Extended properties, all implementations MUST
at least be capable of serializing and deserializing the Extended
properties in accordance with the
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-core/">Activity Streams 2.0 Core Syntax</a>.
</p>
<p>
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [[!RFC2119]].
</p>
<section id="termconventions">
<h2>Conventions</h2>
<p>
Unless otherwise specified, all properties defined as
<code>xsd:dateTime</code> values MUST conform to the rules
defined in Activity Streams 2.0 Core,
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-core/#dates">Section 2.3</a>.
</p>
<p>
The examples included in this document use the normative JSON
serialization defined by this specification.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="types">
<h2>Core Types</h2>
<p>
The Activity Vocabulary Core Types provide the basis for the rest of
the vocabulary.
</p>
<p>Base URI: <code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#</code>.</p>
<p>The Activity Streams 2.0 Core Types include:
<ul>
<li><code><a>Object</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Link</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Activity</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>IntransitiveActivity</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Collection</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>OrderedCollection</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>CollectionPage</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>OrderedCollectionPage</a></code></li>
</ul>
</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Class</th>
<th colspan="2" style="width: 40%">Description</th>
<th style="width: 40%">Example</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><dfn>Object</dfn></td>
<td style="width: 10%">URI:</td>
<td><code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Object</code></td>
<td rowspan="4">
<div id="ex1-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"type": "Object",
"id": "http://www.test.example/object/1",
"name": "A Simple, non-specific object"
}</pre>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Notes:</td>
<td>
Describes an object of any kind. The Object type serves as the
base type for most of the other kinds of objects defined in the
Activity Vocabulary, including other Core types such as
<code><a>Activity</a></code>,
<code><a>IntransitiveActivity</a></code>,
<code><a>Collection</a></code> and
<code><a>OrderedCollection</a></code>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Disjoint With:</td>
<td><code><a>Link</a></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Properties:</td>
<td>
<p>
<code><a>attachment</a></code> |
<code><a>attributedTo</a></code> |
<code><a>audience</a></code> |
<code><a data-lt="content-term">content</a></code> |
<code><a>context</a></code> |
<code><a>name</a></code> |
<code><a>endTime</a></code> |
<code><a>generator</a></code> |
<code><a>icon</a></code> |
<code><a data-lt="image-term">image</a></code> |
<code><a>inReplyTo</a></code> |
<code><a>location</a></code> |
<code><a>preview</a></code> |
<code><a>published</a></code> |
<code><a>replies</a></code> |
<code><a>startTime</a></code> |
<code><a>summary</a></code> |
<code><a data-lt="tag-term">tag</a></code> |
<code><a>updated</a></code> |
<code><a>url</a></code> |
<code><a>to</a></code> |
<code><a>bto</a></code> |
<code><a>cc</a></code> |
<code><a>bcc</a></code> |
<code><a>mediaType</a></code> |
<code><a>duration</a></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><dfn>Link</dfn></td>
<td style="width: 10%">URI:</td>
<td><code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Link</code></td>
<td rowspan="4">
<div id="ex2-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"type": "Link",
"href": "http://example.org/abc",
"hreflang": "en",
"mediaType": "text/html",
"name": "An example link"
}</pre>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Notes:</td>
<td>
A Link is an indirect, qualified reference to a resource identified
by a URL. The fundamental model for links is established by
[[!RFC5988]]. Many of the properties defined by the Activity
Vocabulary allow values that are either instances of
<code><a>Object</a></code> or <code><a>Link</a></code>. When
a <code><a>Link</a></code> is used, it establishes a
<a href="http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html">qualified relation</a>
connecting the subject (the containing object) to the resource
identified by the <code><a>href</a></code>.
Properties of the <code><a>Link</a></code> are properties of the
reference as opposed to properties of the resource.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Disjoint With:</td>
<td><code><a>Object</a></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Properties:</td>
<td>
<p>
<code><a>href</a></code> |
<code><a>rel</a></code> |
<code><a>mediaType</a></code> |
<code><a>name</a></code> |
<code><a>hreflang</a></code> |
<code><a>height</a></code> |
<code><a>width</a></code> |
<code><a>preview</a></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><dfn>Activity</dfn></td>
<td style="width: 10%">URI:</td>
<td><code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Activity</code></td>
<td rowspan="4">
<div id="ex3-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"type": "Activity",
"summary": "Sally did something to a note",
"actor": {
"type": "Person",
"name": "Sally"
},
"object": {
"type": "Note",
"name": "A Note"
}
}</pre>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Notes:</td>
<td>
An Activity is a subtype of <code><a>Object</a></code> that
describes some form of action that may happen, is currently
happening, or has already happened. The <code>Activity</code>
type itself serves as an abstract base type for all types of
activities. It is important to note that the <code>Activity</code>
type itself does not carry any specific semantics about the kind
of action being taken.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extends:</td>
<td><code><a>Object</a></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Properties:</td>
<td>
<p>
<code><a data-lt="actor-term">actor</a></code> |
<code><a data-lt="object-term">object</a></code> |
<code><a>target</a></code> |
<code><a>result</a></code> |
<code><a>origin</a></code> |
<code><a>instrument</a></code>
</p>
<p>
Inherits all properties from <code><a>Object</a></code>.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><dfn>IntransitiveActivity</dfn></td>
<td style="width: 10%">URI:</td>
<td>
<code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#IntransitiveActivity</code>
</td>
<td rowspan="4">
<div id="ex182-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"type": "Travel",
"summary": "Sally went to work",
"actor": {
"type": "Person",
"name": "Sally"
},
"target": {
"type": "Place",
"name": "Work"
}
}</pre>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Notes:</td>
<td>
Instances of <code>IntransitiveActivity</code> are a subtype of
<code>Activity</code> representing intransitive actions. The
<code><a data-lt="object-term">object</a></code> property is
therefore inappropriate for these activities.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extends:</td>
<td><code><a>Activity</a></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Properties:</td>
<td>
<p>
Inherits all properties from <code><a>Activity</a></code> except
<code>object</code>.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><dfn>Collection</dfn></td>
<td style="width: 10%">URI:</td>
<td><code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Collection</code></td>
<td rowspan="4">
<div id="ex5-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"summary": "Sally's notes",
"type": "Collection",
"totalItems": 2,
"items": [
{
"type": "Note",
"name": "A Simple Note"
},
{
"type": "Note",
"name": "Another Simple Note"
}
]
}</pre>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Notes:</td>
<td>
<p>
A <code>Collection</code> is a subtype of
<code><a>Object</a></code> that represents ordered or unordered
sets of <code><a>Object</a> or <a>Link</a></code> instances.
</p>
<p>
Refer to the
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-core/#collection">Activity Streams 2.0 Core</a> specification for a complete description of the
<code>Collection</code> type.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extends:</td>
<td><code><a>Object</a></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Properties:</td>
<td>
<p>
<code><a>totalItems</a></code> |
<code><a>current</a></code> |
<code><a>first</a></code> |
<code><a>last</a></code> |
<code><a>items</a></code>
</p>
<p>
Inherits all properties from <code><a>Object</a></code>.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><dfn>OrderedCollection</dfn></td>
<td style="width: 10%">URI:</td>
<td><code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#OrderedCollection</code></td>
<td rowspan="4">
<div id="ex6-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"summary": "Sally's notes",
"type": "OrderedCollection",
"totalItems": 2,
"orderedItems": [
{
"type": "Note",
"name": "A Simple Note"
},
{
"type": "Note",
"name": "Another Simple Note"
}
]
}</pre>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Notes:</td>
<td>
<p>
A subtype of <code><a>Collection</a></code> in which members
of the logical collection are assumed to always be strictly
ordered.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extends:</td>
<td><code><a>Collection</a></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Properties:</td>
<td>
<p>Inherits all properties from <code><a>Collection</a></code>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><dfn>CollectionPage</dfn></td>
<td style="width: 10%">URI:</td>
<td><code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#CollectionPage</code></td>
<td rowspan="4">
<div id="ex6b-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"summary": "Page 1 of Sally's notes",
"type": "CollectionPage",
"id": "http://example.org/foo?page=1",
"partOf": "http://example.org/foo",
"items": [
{
"type": "Note",
"name": "A Simple Note"
},
{
"type": "Note",
"name": "Another Simple Note"
}
]
}</pre>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Notes:</td>
<td>
<p>
Used to represent distinct subsets of items from a
<code>Collection</code>. Refer to the
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-core/#dfn-collectionpage">Activity Streams 2.0 Core</a> for a complete description of the
<code>CollectionPage</code> object.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extends:</td>
<td><code><a>Collection</a></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Properties:</td>
<td>
<p>
<code><a>partOf</a></code> |
<code><a>next</a></code> |
<code><a>prev</a></code>
</p>
<p>Inherits all properties from <code><a>Collection</a></code>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><dfn>OrderedCollectionPage</dfn></td>
<td style="width: 10%">URI:</td>
<td><code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#OrderedCollectionPage</code></td>
<td rowspan="4">
<div id="ex6c-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"summary": "Page 1 of Sally's notes",
"type": "OrderedCollectionPage",
"id": "http://example.org/foo?page=1",
"partOf": "http://example.org/foo",
"orderedItems": [
{
"type": "Note",
"name": "A Simple Note"
},
{
"type": "Note",
"name": "Another Simple Note"
}
]
}</pre>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Notes:</td>
<td>
<p>
Used to represent ordered subsets of items from an
<code>OrderedCollection</code>. Refer to the
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-core/#dfn-orderedcollectionpage">Activity Streams 2.0 Core</a> for a complete description of the
<code>OrderedCollectionPage</code> object.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extends:</td>
<td>
<code><a>OrderedCollection</a></code> |
<code><a>CollectionPage</a></code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Properties:</td>
<td>
<p>
<code><a>startIndex</a></code>
</p>
<p>
Inherits all properties from
<code><a>OrderedCollection</a></code> and
<code><a>CollectionPage</a></code>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section id="extendedtypes">
<h2>Extended Types</h2>
<p>Base URI: <code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#</code>.</p>
<p>
The Activity Streams 2.0 Extended Types include Activity and Object
subtypes that are common to many social Web applications. They are
divided into three sets:
<ul>
<li><a href="#activity-types">Activity Types</a></li>
<li><a href="#actor-types">Actor Types</a></li>
<li><a href="#object-types">Object Types</a></li>
</ul>
</p>
<p>
Support for specific extended vocabulary types is expected to vary,
with implementations only selecting the extended types and properties
that make sense within the specific context and requirements of those
applications. However, to avoid possible interoperability issues,
implementations MUST avoid using extension types or properties that
unduly overlap with or duplicate the extended vocabulary defined here.
</p>
<section id="activity-types">
<h2>Activity Types</h2>
<p>
All Activity Types inherit the properties of the base <a>Activity</a>
type. Some specific Activity Types are subtypes or specializations
of more generalized Activity Types (for instance, the
<code><a>Invite</a></code> Activity Type is a more specific form of the
<code><a>Offer</a></code> Activity Type).
</p>
<p>
The Activity Types include:
<ul>
<li><code><a>Accept</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Add</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Announce</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Arrive</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Block</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Create</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Delete</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Dislike</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Flag</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Follow</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Ignore</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Invite</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Join</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Leave</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Like</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Listen</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Move</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Offer</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Question</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Reject</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Read</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Remove</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>TentativeReject</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>TentativeAccept</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Travel</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Undo</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>Update</a></code></li>
<li><code><a>View</a></code></li>
</ul>
</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Class</th>
<th colspan="2" style="width: 40%">Description</th>
<th style="width: 40%">Example</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><dfn>Accept</dfn></td>
<td style="width: 10%">URI:</td>
<td><code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Accept</code></td>
<td rowspan="4">
<div id="ex7a-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"summary": "Sally accepted an invitation to a party",
"type": "Accept",
"actor": {
"type": "Person",
"name": "Sally"
},
"object": {
"type": "Invite",
"actor": "http://john.example.org",
"object": {
"type": "Event",
"name": "Going-Away Party for Jim"
}
}
}</pre>
</div>
<div id="ex7b-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"summary": "Sally accepted Joe into the club",
"type": "Accept",
"actor": {
"type": "Person",
"name": "Sally"
},
"object": {
"type": "Person",
"name": "Joe"
},
"target": {
"type": "Group",
"name": "The Club"
}
}</pre>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Notes:</td>
<td>
Indicates that the <code>actor</code> accepts the
<code>object</code>. The <code>target</code> property can be used
in certain circumstances to indicate the context into which the
<code>object</code> has been accepted.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extends:</td>
<td><code><a>Activity</a></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Properties:</td>
<td>Inherits all properties from <code><a>Activity</a></code>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><dfn>TentativeAccept</dfn></td>
<td style="width: 10%">URI:</td>
<td><code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#TentativeAccept</code></td>
<td rowspan="4">
<div id="ex8-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"summary": "Sally tentatively accepted an invitation to a party",
"type": "TentativeAccept",
"actor": {
"type": "Person",
"name": "Sally"
},
"object": {
"type": "Invite",
"actor": "http://john.example.org",
"object": {
"type": "Event",
"name": "Going-Away Party for Jim"
}
}
}</pre>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Notes:</td>
<td>
A specialization of <code><a>Accept</a></code> indicating that the
acceptance is tentative.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extends:</td>
<td><code><a>Accept</a></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Properties:</td>
<td>Inherits all properties from <code><a>Accept</a></code>.
</td></tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><dfn>Add</dfn></td>
<td style="width: 10%">URI:</td>
<td><code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Add</code></td>
<td rowspan="4">
<div id="ex9-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"summary": "Sally added an object",
"type": "Add",
"actor": {
"type": "Person",
"name": "Sally"
},
"object": "http://example.org/abc"
}</pre>
</div>
<div id="ex10-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"summary": "Sally added a picture of her cat to her cat picture collection",
"type": "Add",
"actor": {
"type": "Person",
"name": "Sally"
},
"object": {
"type": "Image",
"name": "A picture of my cat",
"url": "http://example.org/img/cat.png"
},
"origin": {
"type": "Collection",
"name": "Camera Roll"
},
"target": {
"type": "Collection",
"name": "My Cat Pictures"
}
}</pre>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Notes:</td>
<td>
Indicates that the <code>actor</code> has added the
<code>object</code> to the <code>target</code>. If the
<code>target</code> property is not explicitly specified, the
target would need to be determined implicitly by context. The
<code>origin</code> can be used to identify the context from
which the <code>object</code> originated.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extends:</td>
<td><code><a>Activity</a></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Properties:</td>
<td>Inherits all properties from <code><a>Activity</a></code>.
</td></tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><dfn>Arrive</dfn></td>
<td style="width: 10%">URI:</td>
<td><code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Arrive</code></td>
<td rowspan="4">
<div id="ex11-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"summary": "Sally arrived at work",
"type": "Arrive",
"actor": {
"type": "Person",
"name": "Sally"
},
"location": {
"type": "Place",
"name": "Work"
},
"origin": {
"type": "Place",
"name": "Home"
}
}</pre>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Notes:</td>
<td>
An <code><a>IntransitiveActivity</a></code> that indicates that
the <code>actor</code> has arrived at the <code>location</code>.
The <code>origin</code> can be used to identify the context from
which the <code>actor</code> originated. The <code>target</code>
typically has no defined meaning.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extends:</td>
<td><code><a>IntransitiveActivity</a></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Properties:</td>
<td>
Inherits all properties fom
<code><a>IntransitiveActivity</a></code>.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><dfn>Create</dfn></td>
<td style="width: 10%">URI:</td>
<td><code>https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Create</code></td>
<td rowspan="4">
<div id="ex12-jsonld" style="display: block;">
<pre class="example highlight json">{
"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"summary": "Sally created a note",
"type": "Create",
"actor": {
"type": "Person",
"name": "Sally"
},
"object": {
"type": "Note",
"name": "A Simple Note",
"content": "This is a simple note"