authority.go

package services

import (
	"crypto/x509"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"time"

	"github.com/gravitational/teleport"
	"github.com/gravitational/teleport/lib/defaults"
	"github.com/gravitational/teleport/lib/tlsca"
	"github.com/gravitational/teleport/lib/utils"

	"github.com/gravitational/trace"
	"github.com/jonboulle/clockwork"
	"github.com/tstranex/u2f"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
)

// HostCertParams defines all parameters needed to generate a host certificate
type HostCertParams struct {
	// PrivateCASigningKey is the private key of the CA that will sign the public key of the host
	PrivateCASigningKey []byte
	// PublicHostKey is the public key of the host
	PublicHostKey []byte
	// HostID is used by Teleport to uniquely identify a node within a cluster
	HostID string
	// Principals is a list of additional principals to add to the certificate.
	Principals []string
	// NodeName is the DNS name of the node
	NodeName string
	// ClusterName is the name of the cluster within which a node lives
	ClusterName string
	// Roles identifies the roles of a Teleport instance
	Roles teleport.Roles
	// TTL defines how long a certificate is valid for
	TTL time.Duration
}

func (c *HostCertParams) Check() error {
	if c.HostID == "" && len(c.Principals) == 0 {
		return trace.BadParameter("HostID [%q] or Principals [%q] are required",
			c.HostID, c.Principals)
	}
	if c.ClusterName == "" {
		return trace.BadParameter("ClusterName [%q] is required", c.ClusterName)
	}

	if err := c.Roles.Check(); err != nil {
		return trace.Wrap(err)
	}

	return nil
}

// ChangePasswordReq defines a request to change user password
type ChangePasswordReq struct {
	// User is user ID
	User string
	// OldPassword is user current password
	OldPassword []byte `json:"old_password"`
	// NewPassword is user new password
	NewPassword []byte `json:"new_password"`
	// SecondFactorToken is user 2nd factor token
	SecondFactorToken string `json:"second_factor_token"`
	// U2FSignResponse is U2F sign response
	U2FSignResponse *u2f.SignResponse `json:"u2f_sign_response"`
}

// UserCertParams defines OpenSSH user certificate parameters
type UserCertParams struct {
	// PrivateCASigningKey is the private key of the CA that will sign the public key of the user
	PrivateCASigningKey []byte
	// PublicUserKey is the public key of the user
	PublicUserKey []byte
	// TTL defines how long a certificate is valid for
	TTL time.Duration
	// Username is teleport username
	Username string
	// AllowedLogins is a list of SSH principals
	AllowedLogins []string
	// PermitAgentForwarding permits agent forwarding for this cert
	PermitAgentForwarding bool
	// PermitPortForwarding permits port forwarding.
	PermitPortForwarding bool
	// Roles is a list of roles assigned to this user
	Roles []string
	// CertificateFormat is the format of the SSH certificate.
	CertificateFormat string
}

// CertRoles defines certificate roles
type CertRoles struct {
	// Version is current version of the roles
	Version string `json:"version"`
	// Roles is a list of roles
	Roles []string `json:"roles"`
}

// CertRolesSchema defines cert roles schema
const CertRolesSchema = `{
  "type": "object",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "properties": {
    "version": {"type": "string"},
    "roles": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      }
    }
  }
}`

// MarshalCertRoles marshal roles list to OpenSSH
func MarshalCertRoles(roles []string) (string, error) {
	out, err := json.Marshal(CertRoles{Version: V1, Roles: roles})
	if err != nil {
		return "", trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	return string(out), err
}

// UnmarshalCertRoles marshals roles list to OpenSSH
func UnmarshalCertRoles(data string) ([]string, error) {
	var certRoles CertRoles
	if err := utils.UnmarshalWithSchema(CertRolesSchema, &certRoles, []byte(data)); err != nil {
		return nil, trace.BadParameter(err.Error())
	}
	return certRoles.Roles, nil
}

// CertAuthority is a host or user certificate authority that
// can check and if it has private key stored as well, sign it too
type CertAuthority interface {
	// Resource sets common resource properties
	Resource
	// GetID returns certificate authority ID -
	// combined type and name
	GetID() CertAuthID
	// GetType returns user or host certificate authority
	GetType() CertAuthType
	// GetClusterName returns cluster name this cert authority
	// is associated with
	GetClusterName() string
	// GetCheckingKeys returns public keys to check signature
	GetCheckingKeys() [][]byte
	// GetSigning keys returns signing keys
	GetSigningKeys() [][]byte
	// CombinedMapping is used to specify combined mapping from legacy property Roles
	// and new property RoleMap
	CombinedMapping() RoleMap
	// GetRoleMap returns role map property
	GetRoleMap() RoleMap
	// SetRoleMap sets role map
	SetRoleMap(m RoleMap)
	// GetRoles returns a list of roles assumed by users signed by this CA
	GetRoles() []string
	// SetRoles sets assigned roles for this certificate authority
	SetRoles(roles []string)
	// FirstSigningKey returns first signing key or returns error if it's not here
	// The first key is returned because multiple keys can exist during key rotation.
	FirstSigningKey() ([]byte, error)
	// GetRawObject returns raw object data, used for migrations
	GetRawObject() interface{}
	// Check checks object for errors
	Check() error
	// CheckAndSetDefaults checks and set default values for any missing fields.
	CheckAndSetDefaults() error
	// SetSigningKeys sets signing keys
	SetSigningKeys([][]byte) error
	// SetCheckingKeys sets signing keys
	SetCheckingKeys([][]byte) error
	// AddRole adds a role to ca role list
	AddRole(name string)
	// Checkers returns public keys that can be used to check cert authorities
	Checkers() ([]ssh.PublicKey, error)
	// Signers returns a list of signers that could be used to sign keys
	Signers() ([]ssh.Signer, error)
	// V1 returns V1 version of the resource
	V1() *CertAuthorityV1
	// V2 returns V2 version of the resource
	V2() *CertAuthorityV2
	// String returns human readable version of the CertAuthority
	String() string
	// TLSCA returns first TLS certificate authority from the list of key pairs
	TLSCA() (*tlsca.CertAuthority, error)
	// SetTLSKeyPairs sets TLS key pairs
	SetTLSKeyPairs(keyPairs []TLSKeyPair)
	// GetTLSKeyPairs returns first PEM encoded TLS cert
	GetTLSKeyPairs() []TLSKeyPair
	// GetRotation returns rotation state.
	GetRotation() Rotation
	// SetRotation sets rotation state.
	SetRotation(Rotation)
	// Clone returns a copy of the cert authority object.
	Clone() CertAuthority
}

// CertPoolFromCertAuthorities returns certificate pools from TLS certificates
// set up in the certificate authorities list
func CertPoolFromCertAuthorities(cas []CertAuthority) (*x509.CertPool, error) {
	certPool := x509.NewCertPool()
	for _, ca := range cas {
		keyPairs := ca.GetTLSKeyPairs()
		if len(keyPairs) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		for _, keyPair := range keyPairs {
			cert, err := tlsca.ParseCertificatePEM(keyPair.Cert)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
			}
			certPool.AddCert(cert)
		}
		return certPool, nil
	}
	return certPool, nil
}

// CertPool returns certificate pools from TLS certificates
// set up in the certificate authority
func CertPool(ca CertAuthority) (*x509.CertPool, error) {
	keyPairs := ca.GetTLSKeyPairs()
	if len(keyPairs) == 0 {
		return nil, trace.BadParameter("certificate authority has no TLS certificates")
	}
	certPool := x509.NewCertPool()
	for _, keyPair := range keyPairs {
		cert, err := tlsca.ParseCertificatePEM(keyPair.Cert)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
		}
		certPool.AddCert(cert)
	}
	return certPool, nil
}

// TLSCerts returns TLS certificates from CA
func TLSCerts(ca CertAuthority) [][]byte {
	pairs := ca.GetTLSKeyPairs()
	out := make([][]byte, len(pairs))
	for i, pair := range pairs {
		out[i] = append([]byte{}, pair.Cert...)
	}
	return out
}

// TLSKeyPair is a TLS key pair
type TLSKeyPair struct {
	// Cert is a PEM encoded TLS cert
	Cert []byte `json:"cert,omitempty"`
	// Key is a PEM encoded TLS key
	Key []byte `json:"key,omitempty"`
}

// NewCertAuthority returns new cert authority
func NewCertAuthority(caType CertAuthType, clusterName string, signingKeys, checkingKeys [][]byte, roles []string) CertAuthority {
	return &CertAuthorityV2{
		Kind:    KindCertAuthority,
		Version: V2,
		Metadata: Metadata{
			Name:      clusterName,
			Namespace: defaults.Namespace,
		},
		Spec: CertAuthoritySpecV2{
			Roles:        roles,
			Type:         caType,
			ClusterName:  clusterName,
			CheckingKeys: checkingKeys,
			SigningKeys:  signingKeys,
		},
	}
}

// CertAuthoritiesToV1 converts list of cert authorities to V1 slice
func CertAuthoritiesToV1(in []CertAuthority) ([]CertAuthorityV1, error) {
	out := make([]CertAuthorityV1, len(in))
	type cav1 interface {
		V1() *CertAuthorityV1
	}
	for i, ca := range in {
		v1, ok := ca.(cav1)
		if !ok {
			return nil, trace.BadParameter("could not transform object to V1")
		}
		out[i] = *(v1.V1())
	}
	return out, nil
}

// CertAuthorityV2 is version 2 resource spec for Cert Authority
type CertAuthorityV2 struct {
	// Kind is a resource kind
	Kind string `json:"kind"`
	// Version is version
	Version string `json:"version"`
	// Metadata is connector metadata
	Metadata Metadata `json:"metadata"`
	// Spec contains cert authority specification
	Spec CertAuthoritySpecV2 `json:"spec"`
	// rawObject is object that is raw object stored in DB
	// without any conversions applied, used in migrations
	rawObject interface{}
}

// Clone returns a copy of the cert authority object.
func (c *CertAuthorityV2) Clone() CertAuthority {
	out := *c
	out.rawObject = nil
	out.Spec.CheckingKeys = utils.CopyByteSlices(c.Spec.CheckingKeys)
	out.Spec.SigningKeys = utils.CopyByteSlices(c.Spec.SigningKeys)
	for i, kp := range c.Spec.TLSKeyPairs {
		out.Spec.TLSKeyPairs[i] = TLSKeyPair{
			Key:  utils.CopyByteSlice(kp.Key),
			Cert: utils.CopyByteSlice(kp.Cert),
		}
	}
	out.Spec.Roles = utils.CopyStrings(c.Spec.Roles)
	return &out
}

// GetRotation returns rotation state.
func (c *CertAuthorityV2) GetRotation() Rotation {
	if c.Spec.Rotation == nil {
		return Rotation{}
	}
	return *c.Spec.Rotation
}

// SetRotation sets rotation state.
func (c *CertAuthorityV2) SetRotation(r Rotation) {
	c.Spec.Rotation = &r
}

// TLSCA returns TLS certificate authority
func (c *CertAuthorityV2) TLSCA() (*tlsca.CertAuthority, error) {
	if len(c.Spec.TLSKeyPairs) == 0 {
		return nil, trace.BadParameter("no TLS key pairs found for certificate authority")
	}
	return tlsca.New(c.Spec.TLSKeyPairs[0].Cert, c.Spec.TLSKeyPairs[0].Key)
}

// SetTLSPrivateKey sets TLS key pairs
func (c *CertAuthorityV2) SetTLSKeyPairs(pairs []TLSKeyPair) {
	c.Spec.TLSKeyPairs = pairs
}

// GetTLSPrivateKey returns TLS key pairs
func (c *CertAuthorityV2) GetTLSKeyPairs() []TLSKeyPair {
	return c.Spec.TLSKeyPairs
}

// GetMetadata returns object metadata
func (c *CertAuthorityV2) GetMetadata() Metadata {
	return c.Metadata
}

// SetExpiry sets expiry time for the object
func (c *CertAuthorityV2) SetExpiry(expires time.Time) {
	c.Metadata.SetExpiry(expires)
}

// Expires returns object expiry setting
func (c *CertAuthorityV2) Expiry() time.Time {
	return c.Metadata.Expiry()
}

// SetTTL sets Expires header using realtime clock
func (c *CertAuthorityV2) SetTTL(clock clockwork.Clock, ttl time.Duration) {
	c.Metadata.SetTTL(clock, ttl)
}

// V2 returns V2 version of the resouirce - itself
func (c *CertAuthorityV2) V2() *CertAuthorityV2 {
	return c
}

// String returns human readable version of the CertAuthorityV2.
func (c *CertAuthorityV2) String() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("CA(name=%v, type=%v)", c.GetClusterName(), c.GetType())
}

// V1 returns V1 version of the object
func (c *CertAuthorityV2) V1() *CertAuthorityV1 {
	return &CertAuthorityV1{
		Type:         c.Spec.Type,
		DomainName:   c.Spec.ClusterName,
		CheckingKeys: c.Spec.CheckingKeys,
		SigningKeys:  c.Spec.SigningKeys,
	}
}

// AddRole adds a role to ca role list
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) AddRole(name string) {
	for _, r := range ca.Spec.Roles {
		if r == name {
			return
		}
	}
	ca.Spec.Roles = append(ca.Spec.Roles, name)
}

// GetSigning keys returns signing keys
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) GetSigningKeys() [][]byte {
	return ca.Spec.SigningKeys
}

// SetSigningKeys sets signing keys
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) SetSigningKeys(keys [][]byte) error {
	ca.Spec.SigningKeys = keys
	return nil
}

// SetCheckingKeys sets SSH public keys
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) SetCheckingKeys(keys [][]byte) error {
	ca.Spec.CheckingKeys = keys
	return nil
}

// GetID returns certificate authority ID -
// combined type and name
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) GetID() CertAuthID {
	return CertAuthID{Type: ca.Spec.Type, DomainName: ca.Metadata.Name}
}

// SetName sets cert authority name
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) SetName(name string) {
	ca.Metadata.SetName(name)
}

// GetName returns cert authority name
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) GetName() string {
	return ca.Metadata.Name
}

// GetType returns user or host certificate authority
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) GetType() CertAuthType {
	return ca.Spec.Type
}

// GetClusterName returns cluster name this cert authority
// is associated with.
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) GetClusterName() string {
	return ca.Spec.ClusterName
}

// GetCheckingKeys returns public keys to check signature
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) GetCheckingKeys() [][]byte {
	return ca.Spec.CheckingKeys
}

// GetRoles returns a list of roles assumed by users signed by this CA
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) GetRoles() []string {
	return ca.Spec.Roles
}

// SetRoles sets assigned roles for this certificate authority
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) SetRoles(roles []string) {
	ca.Spec.Roles = roles
}

// CombinedMapping is used to specify combined mapping from legacy property Roles
// and new property RoleMap
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) CombinedMapping() RoleMap {
	if len(ca.Spec.Roles) != 0 {
		return []RoleMapping{{Remote: Wildcard, Local: ca.Spec.Roles}}
	}
	return ca.Spec.RoleMap
}

// GetRoleMap returns role map property
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) GetRoleMap() RoleMap {
	return ca.Spec.RoleMap
}

// SetRoleMap sets role map
func (c *CertAuthorityV2) SetRoleMap(m RoleMap) {
	c.Spec.RoleMap = m
}

// GetRawObject returns raw object data, used for migrations
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) GetRawObject() interface{} {
	return ca.rawObject
}

// FirstSigningKey returns first signing key or returns error if it's not here
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) FirstSigningKey() ([]byte, error) {
	if len(ca.Spec.SigningKeys) == 0 {
		return nil, trace.NotFound("%v has no signing keys", ca.Metadata.Name)
	}
	return ca.Spec.SigningKeys[0], nil
}

// ID returns id (consisting of domain name and type) that
// identifies the authority this key belongs to
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) ID() *CertAuthID {
	return &CertAuthID{DomainName: ca.Spec.ClusterName, Type: ca.Spec.Type}
}

// Checkers returns public keys that can be used to check cert authorities
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) Checkers() ([]ssh.PublicKey, error) {
	out := make([]ssh.PublicKey, 0, len(ca.Spec.CheckingKeys))
	for _, keyBytes := range ca.Spec.CheckingKeys {
		key, _, _, _, err := ssh.ParseAuthorizedKey(keyBytes)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, trace.BadParameter("invalid authority public key (len=%d): %v", len(keyBytes), err)
		}
		out = append(out, key)
	}
	return out, nil
}

// Signers returns a list of signers that could be used to sign keys
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) Signers() ([]ssh.Signer, error) {
	out := make([]ssh.Signer, 0, len(ca.Spec.SigningKeys))
	for _, keyBytes := range ca.Spec.SigningKeys {
		signer, err := ssh.ParsePrivateKey(keyBytes)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
		}
		out = append(out, signer)
	}
	return out, nil
}

// Check checks if all passed parameters are valid
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) Check() error {
	err := ca.ID().Check()
	if err != nil {
		return trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	_, err = ca.Checkers()
	if err != nil {
		return trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	_, err = ca.Signers()
	if err != nil {
		return trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	// This is to force users to migrate
	if len(ca.Spec.Roles) != 0 && len(ca.Spec.RoleMap) != 0 {
		return trace.BadParameter("should set either 'roles' or 'role_map', not both")
	}
	if err := ca.Spec.RoleMap.Check(); err != nil {
		return trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	return nil
}

// CheckAndSetDefaults checks and set default values for any missing fields.
func (ca *CertAuthorityV2) CheckAndSetDefaults() error {
	err := ca.Metadata.CheckAndSetDefaults()
	if err != nil {
		return trace.Wrap(err)
	}

	err = ca.Check()
	if err != nil {
		return trace.Wrap(err)
	}

	return nil
}

const (
	// RotationStateStandby is initial status of the rotation -
	// nothing is being rotated.
	RotationStateStandby = "standby"
	// RotationStateInProgress - that rotation is in progress.
	RotationStateInProgress = "in_progress"
	// RotationPhaseStandby is the initial phase of the rotation
	// it means no operations have started.
	RotationPhaseStandby = "standby"
	// RotationPhaseInit = is a phase of the rotation
	// when new certificate authoirty is issued, but not used
	// It is necessary for remote trusted clusters to fetch the
	// new certificate authority, otherwise the new clients
	// will reject it
	RotationPhaseInit = "init"
	// RotationPhaseUpdateClients is a phase of the rotation
	// when client credentials will have to be updated and reloaded
	// but servers will use and respond with old credentials
	// because clients have no idea about new credentials at first.
	RotationPhaseUpdateClients = "update_clients"
	// RotationPhaseUpdateServers is a phase of the rotation
	// when servers will have to reload and should start serving
	// TLS and SSH certificates signed by new CA.
	RotationPhaseUpdateServers = "update_servers"
	// RotationPhaseRollback means that rotation is rolling
	// back to the old certificate authority.
	RotationPhaseRollback = "rollback"
	// RotationModeManual is a manual rotation mode when all phases
	// are set by the operator.
	RotationModeManual = "manual"
	// RotationModeAuto is set to go through all phases by the schedule.
	RotationModeAuto = "auto"
)

// RotatePhases lists all supported rotation phases
var RotatePhases = []string{
	RotationPhaseInit,
	RotationPhaseStandby,
	RotationPhaseUpdateClients,
	RotationPhaseUpdateServers,
	RotationPhaseRollback,
}

// Rotation is a status of the rotation of the certificate authority
type Rotation struct {
	// State could be one of "init" or "in_progress".
	State string `json:"state,omitempty"`
	// Phase is the current rotation phase.
	Phase string `json:"phase,omitempty"`
	// Mode sets manual or automatic rotation mode.
	Mode string `json:"mode,omitempty"`
	// CurrentID is the ID of the rotation operation
	// to differentiate between rotation attempts.
	CurrentID string `json:"current_id"`
	// Started is set to the time when rotation has been started
	// in case if the state of the rotation is "in_progress".
	Started time.Time `json:"started,omitempty"`
	// GracePeriod is a period during which old and new CA
	// are valid for checking purposes, but only new CA is issuing certificates.
	GracePeriod Duration `json:"grace_period,omitempty"`
	// LastRotated specifies the last time of the completed rotation.
	LastRotated time.Time `json:"last_rotated,omitempty"`
	// Schedule is a rotation schedule - used in
	// automatic mode to switch beetween phases.
	Schedule RotationSchedule `json:"schedule,omitempty"`
}

// Matches returns true if this state rotation matches
// external rotation state, phase and rotation ID should match,
// notice that matches does not behave like Equals because it does not require
// all fields to be the same.
func (s *Rotation) Matches(rotation Rotation) bool {
	return s.CurrentID == rotation.CurrentID && s.State == rotation.State && s.Phase == rotation.Phase
}

// LastRotatedDescription returns human friendly description.
func (r *Rotation) LastRotatedDescription() string {
	if r.LastRotated.IsZero() {
		return "never updated"
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("last rotated %v", r.LastRotated.Format(teleport.HumanDateFormatSeconds))
}

// PhaseDescription returns human friendly description of a current rotation phase.
func (r *Rotation) PhaseDescription() string {
	switch r.Phase {
	case RotationPhaseStandby, "":
		return "on standby"
	case RotationPhaseUpdateClients:
		return "rotating clients"
	case RotationPhaseUpdateServers:
		return "rotating servers"
	case RotationPhaseRollback:
		return "rolling back"
	default:
		return fmt.Sprintf("unknown phase: %q", r.Phase)
	}
}

// String returns user friendly information about certificate authority.
func (r *Rotation) String() string {
	switch r.State {
	case "", RotationStateStandby:
		if r.LastRotated.IsZero() {
			return "never updated"
		}
		return fmt.Sprintf("rotated %v", r.LastRotated.Format(teleport.HumanDateFormatSeconds))
	case RotationStateInProgress:
		return fmt.Sprintf("%v (mode: %v, started: %v, ending: %v)",
			r.PhaseDescription(),
			r.Mode,
			r.Started.Format(teleport.HumanDateFormatSeconds),
			r.Started.Add(r.GracePeriod.Duration).Format(teleport.HumanDateFormatSeconds),
		)
	default:
		return "unknown"
	}
}

// CheckAndSetDefaults checks and sets default rotation parameters.
func (r *Rotation) CheckAndSetDefaults(clock clockwork.Clock) error {
	switch r.Phase {
	case "", RotationPhaseRollback, RotationPhaseUpdateClients, RotationPhaseUpdateServers:
	default:
		return trace.BadParameter("unsupported phase: %q", r.Phase)
	}
	switch r.Mode {
	case "", RotationModeAuto, RotationModeManual:
	default:
		return trace.BadParameter("unsupported mode: %q", r.Mode)
	}
	switch r.State {
	case "":
		r.State = RotationStateStandby
	case RotationStateStandby:
	case RotationStateInProgress:
		if r.CurrentID == "" {
			return trace.BadParameter("set 'current_id' parameter for in progress rotation")
		}
		if r.Started.IsZero() {
			return trace.BadParameter("set 'started' parameter for in progress rotation")
		}
	default:
		return trace.BadParameter(
			"unsupported rotation 'state': %q, supported states are: %q, %q",
			r.State, RotationStateStandby, RotationStateInProgress)
	}
	return nil
}

// GenerateSchedule generates schedule based on the time period, using
// even time periods between rotation phases.
func GenerateSchedule(clock clockwork.Clock, gracePeriod time.Duration) (*RotationSchedule, error) {
	if gracePeriod <= 0 {
		return nil, trace.BadParameter("invalid grace period %q, provide value > 0", gracePeriod)
	}
	return &RotationSchedule{
		UpdateClients: clock.Now().UTC().Add(gracePeriod / 3).UTC(),
		UpdateServers: clock.Now().UTC().Add((gracePeriod * 2) / 3).UTC(),
		Standby:       clock.Now().UTC().Add(gracePeriod).UTC(),
	}, nil
}

// RotationSchedule is a rotation schedule setting time switches
// for different phases.
type RotationSchedule struct {
	// UpdateClients specifies time to switch to the "Update clients" phase
	UpdateClients time.Time `json:"update_clients,omitempty"`
	// UpdateServers specifies time to switch to the "Update servers" phase.
	UpdateServers time.Time `json:"update_servers,omitempty"`
	// Standby specifies time to switch to the "Standby" phase.
	Standby time.Time `json:"standby,omitempty"`
}

// CheckAndSetDefaults checks and sets default values of the rotation schedule.
func (s *RotationSchedule) CheckAndSetDefaults(clock clockwork.Clock) error {
	if s.UpdateServers.IsZero() {
		return trace.BadParameter("phase %q has no time switch scheduled", RotationPhaseUpdateServers)
	}
	if s.Standby.IsZero() {
		return trace.BadParameter("phase %q has no time switch scheduled", RotationPhaseStandby)
	}
	if s.Standby.Before(s.UpdateServers) {
		return trace.BadParameter("phase %q can not be scheduled before %q", RotationPhaseStandby, RotationPhaseUpdateServers)
	}
	if s.UpdateServers.Before(clock.Now()) {
		return trace.BadParameter("phase %q can not be scheduled in the past", RotationPhaseUpdateServers)
	}
	if s.Standby.Before(clock.Now()) {
		return trace.BadParameter("phase %q can not be scheduled in the past", RotationPhaseStandby)
	}
	return nil
}

// CertAuthoritySpecV2 is a host or user certificate authority that
// can check and if it has private key stored as well, sign it too
type CertAuthoritySpecV2 struct {
	// Type is either user or host certificate authority
	Type CertAuthType `json:"type"`
	// DELETE IN(2.7.0) this field is deprecated,
	// as resource name matches cluster name after migrations.
	// and this property is enforced by the auth server code.
	// ClusterName identifies cluster name this authority serves,
	// for host authorities that means base hostname of all servers,
	// for user authorities that means organization name
	ClusterName string `json:"cluster_name"`
	// Checkers is a list of SSH public keys that can be used to check
	// certificate signatures
	CheckingKeys [][]byte `json:"checking_keys"`
	// SigningKeys is a list of private keys used for signing
	SigningKeys [][]byte `json:"signing_keys,omitempty"`
	// Roles is a list of roles assumed by users signed by this CA
	Roles []string `json:"roles,omitempty"`
	// RoleMap specifies role mappings to remote roles
	RoleMap RoleMap `json:"role_map,omitempty"`
	// TLS is a list of TLS key pairs
	TLSKeyPairs []TLSKeyPair `json:"tls_key_pairs,omitempty"`
	// Rotation is a status of the certificate authority rotation
	Rotation *Rotation `json:"rotation,omitempty"`
}

// CertAuthoritySpecV2Schema is JSON schema for cert authority V2
const CertAuthoritySpecV2Schema = `{
  "type": "object",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "required": ["type", "cluster_name", "checking_keys"],
  "properties": {
    "type": {"type": "string"},
    "cluster_name": {"type": "string"},
    "checking_keys": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      }
    },
    "signing_keys": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      }
    },
    "roles": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      }
    },
    "tls_key_pairs":  {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "object",
        "additionalProperties": false,
        "properties": {
           "cert": {"type": "string"},
           "key": {"type": "string"}
        }
      }
    },
    "rotation": %v,
    "role_map": %v
  }
}`

// RotationSchema is a JSON validation schema of the CA rotation state object.
const RotationSchema = `{
  "type": "object",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "properties": {
    "state": {"type": "string"},
    "phase": {"type": "string"},
    "mode": {"type": "string"},
    "current_id": {"type": "string"},
    "started": {"type": "string"},
    "grace_period": {"type": "string"},
    "last_rotated": {"type": "string"},
    "schedule": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "update_clients": {"type": "string"},
        "update_servers": {"type": "string"},
        "standby": {"type": "string"}
      }
    }
  }
}`

// CertAuthorityV1 is a host or user certificate authority that
// can check and if it has private key stored as well, sign it too
type CertAuthorityV1 struct {
	// Type is either user or host certificate authority
	Type CertAuthType `json:"type"`
	// DomainName identifies domain name this authority serves,
	// for host authorities that means base hostname of all servers,
	// for user authorities that means organization name
	DomainName string `json:"domain_name"`
	// Checkers is a list of SSH public keys that can be used to check
	// certificate signatures
	CheckingKeys [][]byte `json:"checking_keys"`
	// SigningKeys is a list of private keys used for signing
	SigningKeys [][]byte `json:"signing_keys"`
	// AllowedLogins is a list of allowed logins for users within
	// this certificate authority
	AllowedLogins []string `json:"allowed_logins"`
}

// CombinedMapping is used to specify combined mapping from legacy property Roles
// and new property RoleMap
func (ca *CertAuthorityV1) CombinedMapping() RoleMap {
	return []RoleMapping{}
}

// GetRoleMap returns role map property
func (ca *CertAuthorityV1) GetRoleMap() RoleMap {
	return nil
}

// SetRoleMap sets role map
func (c *CertAuthorityV1) SetRoleMap(m RoleMap) {
}

// V1 returns V1 version of the resource
func (c *CertAuthorityV1) V1() *CertAuthorityV1 {
	return c
}

// V2 returns V2 version of the resource
func (c *CertAuthorityV1) V2() *CertAuthorityV2 {
	return &CertAuthorityV2{
		Kind:    KindCertAuthority,
		Version: V2,
		Metadata: Metadata{
			Name:      c.DomainName,
			Namespace: defaults.Namespace,
		},
		Spec: CertAuthoritySpecV2{
			Type:         c.Type,
			ClusterName:  c.DomainName,
			CheckingKeys: c.CheckingKeys,
			SigningKeys:  c.SigningKeys,
		},
		rawObject: *c,
	}
}

// String returns human readable version of the CertAuthorityV1.
func (c *CertAuthorityV1) String() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("CA(name=%v, type=%v)", c.DomainName, c.Type)
}

var certAuthorityMarshaler CertAuthorityMarshaler = &TeleportCertAuthorityMarshaler{}

// SetCertAuthorityMarshaler sets global user marshaler
func SetCertAuthorityMarshaler(u CertAuthorityMarshaler) {
	marshalerMutex.Lock()
	defer marshalerMutex.Unlock()
	certAuthorityMarshaler = u
}

// GetCertAuthorityMarshaler returns currently set user marshaler
func GetCertAuthorityMarshaler() CertAuthorityMarshaler {
	marshalerMutex.RLock()
	defer marshalerMutex.RUnlock()
	return certAuthorityMarshaler
}

// CertAuthorityMarshaler implements marshal/unmarshal of User implementations
// mostly adds support for extended versions
type CertAuthorityMarshaler interface {
	// UnmarshalCertAuthority unmarhsals cert authority from binary representation
	UnmarshalCertAuthority(bytes []byte, opts ...MarshalOption) (CertAuthority, error)
	// MarshalCertAuthority to binary representation
	MarshalCertAuthority(c CertAuthority, opts ...MarshalOption) ([]byte, error)
	// GenerateCertAuthority is used to generate new cert authority
	// based on standard teleport one and is used to add custom
	// parameters and extend it in extensions of teleport
	GenerateCertAuthority(CertAuthority) (CertAuthority, error)
}

// GetCertAuthoritySchema returns JSON Schema for cert authorities
func GetCertAuthoritySchema() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf(V2SchemaTemplate, MetadataSchema, fmt.Sprintf(CertAuthoritySpecV2Schema, RotationSchema, RoleMapSchema), DefaultDefinitions)
}

type TeleportCertAuthorityMarshaler struct{}

// GenerateCertAuthority is used to generate new cert authority
// based on standard teleport one and is used to add custom
// parameters and extend it in extensions of teleport
func (*TeleportCertAuthorityMarshaler) GenerateCertAuthority(ca CertAuthority) (CertAuthority, error) {
	return ca, nil
}

// UnmarshalUser unmarshals user from JSON
func (*TeleportCertAuthorityMarshaler) UnmarshalCertAuthority(bytes []byte, opts ...MarshalOption) (CertAuthority, error) {
	cfg, err := collectOptions(opts)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	var h ResourceHeader
	err = utils.FastUnmarshal(bytes, &h)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	switch h.Version {
	case "":
		var ca CertAuthorityV1
		err := json.Unmarshal(bytes, &ca)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
		}
		return ca.V2(), nil
	case V2:
		var ca CertAuthorityV2
		if cfg.SkipValidation {
			if err := utils.FastUnmarshal(bytes, &ca); err != nil {
				return nil, trace.BadParameter(err.Error())
			}
		} else {
			if err := utils.UnmarshalWithSchema(GetCertAuthoritySchema(), &ca, bytes); err != nil {
				return nil, trace.BadParameter(err.Error())
			}
		}

		if err := ca.CheckAndSetDefaults(); err != nil {
			return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
		}

		return &ca, nil
	}

	return nil, trace.BadParameter("cert authority resource version %v is not supported", h.Version)
}

// MarshalUser marshalls cert authority into JSON
func (*TeleportCertAuthorityMarshaler) MarshalCertAuthority(ca CertAuthority, opts ...MarshalOption) ([]byte, error) {
	cfg, err := collectOptions(opts)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	type cav1 interface {
		V1() *CertAuthorityV1
	}

	type cav2 interface {
		V2() *CertAuthorityV2
	}
	version := cfg.GetVersion()
	switch version {
	case V1:
		v, ok := ca.(cav1)
		if !ok {
			return nil, trace.BadParameter("don't know how to marshal %v", V1)
		}
		return utils.FastMarshal(v.V1())
	case V2:
		v, ok := ca.(cav2)
		if !ok {
			return nil, trace.BadParameter("don't know how to marshal %v", V2)
		}
		return utils.FastMarshal(v.V2())
	default:
		return nil, trace.BadParameter("version %v is not supported", version)
	}
}