tapable大致思路

[FoxDaxian]

由于webpack底层使用Tapable创建和执行钩子，所以也大致了解下tapable的原理

Tapable使用es6语法翻新了一遍，目前都是基于类的方式编写的。我们先看下目录结构：

我们其实主要看Hook.js和HookCodeFactory.js就够了，其他的基本都是大同小异的，都是依赖于这两个基类，然后扩展Hook的compile方法和HookCodeFactory的content方法，下面直接上代码。
因为几乎是大同小异，所以我们这里以最简单的SyncHook为实例：

"use strict";
// 基类
const Hook = require("./Hook");
const HookCodeFactory = require("./HookCodeFactory");

class SyncHookCodeFactory extends HookCodeFactory {
	content({ onError, onResult, onDone, rethrowIfPossible }) {
		return this.callTapsSeries({
			onError: (i, err) => onError(err),
			onDone,
			rethrowIfPossible
		});
	}
}

const factory = new SyncHookCodeFactory();

class SyncHook extends Hook {
    // 未提供的方法直接抛出异常提示
	tapAsync() {
		throw new Error("tapAsync is not supported on a SyncHook");
	}

	tapPromise() {
		throw new Error("tapPromise is not supported on a SyncHook");
	}
    // 为调用方法call、callAsync、promise提供依赖
	compile(options) {
		factory.setup(this, options);
		return factory.create(options);
	}
}

module.exports = SyncHook;

正如上面的代码所以，直观来看就是集成了两个基类，然后导出钩子函数，先从Hook说起：

"use strict";

const util = require("util");
//  抛出警告
const deprecateContext = util.deprecate(() => {},
"Hook.context is deprecated and will be removed");

class Hook {
	constructor(args = []) {
        // 参数们
		this._args = args;
        // 类似监听模式下的队列
		this.taps = [];
        // 拦截器
		this.interceptors = [];
        // 初始化相关调用方法
		this.call = this._call;
		this.promise = this._promise;
		this.callAsync = this._callAsync;
        // 自定义的方法队列
		this._x = undefined;
	}

	compile(options) {
        // 必须重写compile方法
		throw new Error("Abstract: should be overriden");
	}
    // 用于创建相关调用方法的私有方法
	_createCall(type) {
        // 被重写的compile方法
		return this.compile({
			taps: this.taps,
			interceptors: this.interceptors,
			args: this._args,
			type: type
		});
	}

	_tap(type, options, fn) {
        //   参数处理
		if (typeof options === "string") {
			options = {
				name: options
			};
		} else if (typeof options !== "object" || options === null) {
			throw new Error("Invalid tap options");
		}
		if (typeof options.name !== "string" || options.name === "") {
			throw new Error("Missing name for tap");
		}
		if (typeof options.context !== "undefined") {
			deprecateContext();
		}
		options = Object.assign({ type, fn }, options);
        // 拦截器
		options = this._runRegisterInterceptors(options);
		this._insert(options);
	}

	tap(options, fn) {
		this._tap("sync", options, fn);
	}

	tapAsync(options, fn) {
		this._tap("async", options, fn);
	}

	tapPromise(options, fn) {
		this._tap("promise", options, fn);
	}
    // 拦截器
	_runRegisterInterceptors(options) {
		for (const interceptor of this.interceptors) {
			if (interceptor.register) {
				const newOptions = interceptor.register(options);
				if (newOptions !== undefined) {
					options = newOptions;
				}
			}
		}
		return options;
	}

	withOptions(options) {
		const mergeOptions = opt =>
			Object.assign({}, options, typeof opt === "string" ? { name: opt } : opt);

		// Prevent creating endless prototype chains
		options = Object.assign({}, options, this._withOptions);
		const base = this._withOptionsBase || this;
		const newHook = Object.create(base);

		newHook.tap = (opt, fn) => base.tap(mergeOptions(opt), fn);
		newHook.tapAsync = (opt, fn) => base.tapAsync(mergeOptions(opt), fn);
		newHook.tapPromise = (opt, fn) => base.tapPromise(mergeOptions(opt), fn);
		newHook._withOptions = options;
		newHook._withOptionsBase = base;
		return newHook;
	}

	isUsed() {
		return this.taps.length > 0 || this.interceptors.length > 0;
	}

	intercept(interceptor) {
		this._resetCompilation();
		this.interceptors.push(Object.assign({}, interceptor));
		if (interceptor.register) {
			for (let i = 0; i < this.taps.length; i++) {
				this.taps[i] = interceptor.register(this.taps[i]);
			}
		}
	}

	_resetCompilation() {
		this.call = this._call;
		this.callAsync = this._callAsync;
		this.promise = this._promise;
	}

	_insert(item) {
		this._resetCompilation();
		let before;
		if (typeof item.before === "string") {
			before = new Set([item.before]);
		} else if (Array.isArray(item.before)) {
			before = new Set(item.before);
		}
		let stage = 0;
		if (typeof item.stage === "number") {
			stage = item.stage;
		}
		let i = this.taps.length;
		while (i > 0) {
			i--;
			const x = this.taps[i];
			this.taps[i + 1] = x;
			const xStage = x.stage || 0;
			if (before) {
				if (before.has(x.name)) {
					before.delete(x.name);
					continue;
				}
				if (before.size > 0) {
					continue;
				}
			}
			if (xStage > stage) {
				continue;
			}
			i++;
			break;
		}
		this.taps[i] = item;
	}
}

function createCompileDelegate(name, type) {
	return function lazyCompileHook(...args) {
		this[name] = this._createCall(type);
		return this[name](...args);
	};
}

Object.defineProperties(Hook.prototype, {
	_call: {
		value: createCompileDelegate("call", "sync"),
		configurable: true,
		writable: true
	},
	_callAsync: {
		value: createCompileDelegate("callAsync", "async"),
		configurable: true,
		writable: true
	},
	_promise: {
		value: createCompileDelegate("promise", "promise"),
		configurable: true,
		writable: true
	}
});

module.exports = Hook;

我们需要用tap、tapAsync、tapPromise往队列中添加函数，然后使用call来调用，不过call会根据不同类型的钩子产出不同的函数，这也是tapable做的优化，而这些函数的产出这来自HookCodeFactory：

"use strict";

class HookCodeFactory {
	constructor(config) {
		this.config = config;
		this.options = undefined;
		this._args = undefined;
	}
    // 创建相关的方法体，对不同的type进行判断
    // Fcuntion接受任意个参数，除最后一个，之前的都是函数的形参
	create(options) {
		this.init(options);
		let fn;
		switch (this.options.type) {
			case "sync":
				fn = new Function(
					this.args(),
					'"use strict";\n' +
						this.header() +
						this.content({
							onError: err => `throw ${err};\n`,
							onResult: result => `return ${result};\n`,
							onDone: () => {
								console.log('完成函数');
							},
							rethrowIfPossible: true
						})
				);
				break;
			case "async":
				fn = new Function(
					this.args({
						after: "_callback"
					}),
					'"use strict";\n' +
						this.header() +
						this.content({
							onError: err => `_callback(${err});\n`,
							onResult: result => `_callback(null, ${result});\n`,
							onDone: () => "_callback();\n"
						})
				);
				break;
			case "promise":
				let code = "";
				code += '"use strict";\n';
				code += "return new Promise((_resolve, _reject) => {\n";
				code += "var _sync = true;\n";
				code += this.header();
				code += this.content({
					onError: err => {
						let code = "";
						code += "if(_sync)\n";
						code += `_resolve(Promise.resolve().then(() => { throw ${err}; }));\n`;
						code += "else\n";
						code += `_reject(${err});\n`;
						return code;
					},
					onResult: result => `_resolve(${result});\n`,
					onDone: () => "_resolve();\n"
				});
				code += "_sync = false;\n";
				code += "});\n";
				fn = new Function(this.args(), code);
				break;
		}
		this.deinit();
		return fn;
	}
    // 设置Hook中的_x变量
	setup(instance, options) {
		instance._x = options.taps.map(t => t.fn);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {{ type: "sync" | "promise" | "async", taps: Array<Tap>, interceptors: Array<Interceptor> }} options
	 */
	init(options) {
		this.options = options;
		this._args = options.args.slice();
	}

	deinit() {
		this.options = undefined;
		this._args = undefined;
	}
    // 创建函数顶部内容
	header() {
		let code = "";
		if (this.needContext()) {
			code += "var _context = {};\n";
		} else {
			code += "var _context;\n";
		}
		code += "var _x = this._x;\n";
		if (this.options.interceptors.length > 0) {
			code += "var _taps = this.taps;\n";
			code += "var _interceptors = this.interceptors;\n";
		}
		for (let i = 0; i < this.options.interceptors.length; i++) {
			const interceptor = this.options.interceptors[i];
			if (interceptor.call) {
				code += `${this.getInterceptor(i)}.call(${this.args({
					before: interceptor.context ? "_context" : undefined
				})});\n`;
			}
		}
		return code;
	}

	needContext() {
		for (const tap of this.options.taps) if (tap.context) return true;
		return false;
	}

	callTap(tapIndex, { onError, onResult, onDone, rethrowIfPossible }) {
		let code = "";
		let hasTapCached = false;
		for (let i = 0; i < this.options.interceptors.length; i++) {
			const interceptor = this.options.interceptors[i];
			if (interceptor.tap) {
				if (!hasTapCached) {
					code += `var _tap${tapIndex} = ${this.getTap(tapIndex)};\n`;
					hasTapCached = true;
				}
				code += `${this.getInterceptor(i)}.tap(${
					interceptor.context ? "_context, " : ""
				}_tap${tapIndex});\n`;
			}
		}
		code += `var _fn${tapIndex} = ${this.getTapFn(tapIndex)};\n`;
		const tap = this.options.taps[tapIndex];
		switch (tap.type) {
			case "sync":
				if (!rethrowIfPossible) {
					code += `var _hasError${tapIndex} = false;\n`;
					code += "try {\n";
				}
				if (onResult) {
					code += `var _result${tapIndex} = _fn${tapIndex}(${this.args({
						before: tap.context ? "_context" : undefined
					})});\n`;
				} else {
					code += `_fn${tapIndex}(${this.args({
						before: tap.context ? "_context" : undefined
					})});\n`;
				}
				if (!rethrowIfPossible) {
					code += "} catch(_err) {\n";
					code += `_hasError${tapIndex} = true;\n`;
					code += onError("_err");
					code += "}\n";
					code += `if(!_hasError${tapIndex}) {\n`;
				}
				if (onResult) {
					code += onResult(`_result${tapIndex}`);
				}
				if (onDone && onDone()) {
					code += onDone();
				}
				if (!rethrowIfPossible) {
					code += "}\n";
				}
				break;
			case "async":
				let cbCode = "";
				if (onResult) cbCode += `(_err${tapIndex}, _result${tapIndex}) => {\n`;
				else cbCode += `_err${tapIndex} => {\n`;
				cbCode += `if(_err${tapIndex}) {\n`;
				cbCode += onError(`_err${tapIndex}`);
				cbCode += "} else {\n";
				if (onResult) {
					cbCode += onResult(`_result${tapIndex}`);
				}
				if (onDone) {
					cbCode += onDone();
				}
				cbCode += "}\n";
				cbCode += "}";
				code += `_fn${tapIndex}(${this.args({
					before: tap.context ? "_context" : undefined,
					after: cbCode
				})});\n`;
				break;
			case "promise":
				code += `var _hasResult${tapIndex} = false;\n`;
				code += `var _promise${tapIndex} = _fn${tapIndex}(${this.args({
					before: tap.context ? "_context" : undefined
				})});\n`;
				code += `if (!_promise${tapIndex} || !_promise${tapIndex}.then)\n`;
				code += `  throw new Error('Tap function (tapPromise) did not return promise (returned ' + _promise${tapIndex} + ')');\n`;
				code += `_promise${tapIndex}.then(_result${tapIndex} => {\n`;
				code += `_hasResult${tapIndex} = true;\n`;
				if (onResult) {
					code += onResult(`_result${tapIndex}`);
				}
				if (onDone) {
					code += onDone();
				}
				code += `}, _err${tapIndex} => {\n`;
				code += `if(_hasResult${tapIndex}) throw _err${tapIndex};\n`;
				code += onError(`_err${tapIndex}`);
				code += "});\n";
				break;
		}
		return code;
	}
    // 创建call函数内容
	callTapsSeries({ onError, onResult, onDone, rethrowIfPossible }) {
		if (this.options.taps.length === 0) return onDone();
		const firstAsync = this.options.taps.findIndex(t => t.type !== "sync");
		const next = i => {
			if (i >= this.options.taps.length) {
				return onDone();
			}
			const done = () => next(i + 1);
			const doneBreak = skipDone => {
				if (skipDone) return "";
				return onDone();
			};
			return this.callTap(i, {
				onError: error => onError(i, error, done, doneBreak),
				onResult:
					onResult &&
					(result => {
						return onResult(i, result, done, doneBreak);
					}),
				onDone:
					!onResult &&
					(() => {
						return done();
					}),
				rethrowIfPossible:
					rethrowIfPossible && (firstAsync < 0 || i < firstAsync)
			});
		};
		return next(0);
	}


	args({ before, after } = {}) {
		let allArgs = this._args;
		if (before) allArgs = [before].concat(allArgs);
		if (after) allArgs = allArgs.concat(after);
		if (allArgs.length === 0) {
			return "";
		} else {
			return allArgs.join(", ");
		}
	}

	getTapFn(idx) {
		return `_x[${idx}]`;
	}

	getTap(idx) {
		return `_taps[${idx}]`;
	}

	getInterceptor(idx) {
		return `_interceptors[${idx}]`;
	}
}

module.exports = HookCodeFactory;

核心内容都在这里，剩下的方法基本都大同小异，具体的代码细节并没有仔细去看，毕竟是别人写的，就好像你通过答案接触题目一样，感觉时间成本太高，所以仅仅是简单了解一下。
有一点很重要，比如SyncHook和SyncLoopHook这两种方法，他们的区别仅仅就是产出的函数内容不一样，前者是直接获取钩子函数然后调用，后者是一个do-while循环调用钩子函数，可想而知剩余的方法的区别也是方法内体，也就是说你需要更多的关注content方法的onResult这个参数

[Think-Jumper]

这段能怎么理解？：
content({ onError, onResult, onDone, rethrowIfPossible }) {
return this.callTapsSeries({
onError: (i, err) => onError(err),
onDone,
rethrowIfPossible
});
}
又是函数定义，但是里面还传了个结构体，而且我看到跟离谱的还有类似这种：
["content"]({ onError, onResult, onDone, rethrowIfPossible }) {
return this.callTapsSeries({
onError: (i, err) => onError(err),
onDone,
rethrowIfPossible
});
}
这种也能行？