Travel mode definitions

[gotom22]

Relates to all aspects of

• identifying travel mode definitions used in various sources/surveys
• standardizing/harmonizing different definitions
• defining a final "maximum set" of mode definitions used in ITHIM calculations
• defining a final "small set" of mode definitions used in ITHIM development, or use cases with sparser data

I assign to folks with good sense for local travel surveys. For starters I suggest to paste mode definitions below.

[gotom22]

Examples

Mode definitions in Source (Swiss travel survey):

1	Zu Fuss
2	Velo
3	Mofa, Motorfahrrad
4	Kleinmotorrad (ab 16 J.)
5	Motorrad als Fahrer
6	Motorrad als Mitfahrer
7	Auto als Fahrer
8	Auto als Mitfahrer
9	Bahn/Zug
10	Postauto
11	Bus/Schulbus
12	Tram/Metro
13	Taxi
14	Reisecar
15	Lastwagen
16	Schiff, Boot
17	Flugzeug/Luftfahrzeug
18	Zahnradbahn, Standseilbahn, Seilbahn, Sessellift, Skilift
19	Fahrzeugähnliche Geräte
20	E-Bike ohne Kontrollschild
21	E-Bike mit gelbem Kontrollschild
95	Anderes

Mode definitions in HEAT tool:

Active modes

Walking
Cycling
Other (other active modes not implemented currently)
(Running)
(E-biking or pedelec)
(Bikesharing)

Motorized modes

No data
Basic categories
Refined categories

Driving
Public transport
Car (driver)
Car (passenger)
Motorcycle
Local bus
Lightrail
Train

[gotom22]

Should include ICD-10 injury codes, and generally used definitions in crash data registries.

[AnnaGoodman1]

UK national travel survey, for main mode of trip:

1	Walk, less than 1 mile
2	Walk, 1 mile or more
3	Bicycle
4	Private (hire) bus
5	Household car - driver
6	Non-household car - driver
7	Household car - passenger
8	Non-household car - passenger
9	Household motorcycle - driver
10	Non-household motorcycle - driver
11	Household motorcycle - passenger
12	Non-household motorcycle - passenger
13	Household van/lorry - driver
14	Non-household van/lorry - driver
15	Household van/lorry - passenger
16	Non-household van/lorry - passenger
17	Other private transport
18	London stage bus
19	Other stage bus
20	Public express bus/coach
21	Excursion/tour bus
22	London Underground
23	Surface Rail
24	Light rail
25	Air
26	Taxi
27	Minicab
28	Other public transport

[markotainio]

ICD-10 code have two classifications of modes, long and short. Long is used for victim, and short for cause of the injury (striking vehicle in ITHIM terminology).

Long version (ICD have fatalities for these categories):

• V01-V09 Pedestrian injured in transport accident
• V10-V19 Pedal cyclist injured in transport accident
• V20-V29 Motorcycle rider injured in transport accident
• V30-V39 Occupant of three-wheeled motor vehicle injured in transport accident
• V40-V49 Car occupant injured in transport accident
• V50-V59 Occupant of pick-up truck or van injured in transport accident
• V60-V69 Occupant of heavy transport vehicle injured in transport accident
• V70-V79 Bus occupant injured in transport accident
• V80-V89 Other land transport accidents
• V90-V94 Water transport accidents
• V95-V97 Air and space transport accidents
• V98-V99 Other and unspecified transport accidents

More details on these groups in this file (Google drive):
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1-pSHse3Vl2gNQ9YI37rj_kIBEJi8pmn6JVuaZtMe7-Q

The short version is the striking vehicle side. For example, for Pedestrian these are:

• V01 Pedestrian injured in collision with pedal cycle
• V02 Pedestrian injured in collision with two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle
• V03 Pedestrian injured in collision with car, pick-up truck or van
• V04 Pedestrian injured in collision with heavy transport vehicle or bus
• V05 Pedestrian injured in collision with railway train or railway vehicle
• V06 Pedestrian injured in collision with other nonmotor vehicle
• V09 Pedestrian injured in other and unspecified transport accidents

---

Aggregating long one to short ones should be doable. Main challenge is railway vehicle (short version), which isn't included in long version as own category. This will likely include e.g. metro and trams.

More info on ICD codes:
http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/V80-V89

Details on classification:
http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online2004/defs.htm

[markotainio]

In Global Burden of Disease 2016 data transport injuries are provided for following modes:
Pedestrian road injuries
Cyclist road injuries
Motorcyclist road injuries
Motor vehicle road injuries
Other road injuries
Other transport injuries

Source:
http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool

[markotainio]

ICD codes used in GBD classification are following:

Mode	ICD10	ICD9
Road injuries	V01-V04.9, V06-V80.9, V82-V82.9, V87.2-V87.3
Pedestrian road injuries	V01-V04.9, V06-V09.9
Cyclist road injuries	V10-V19.9
Motorcyclist road injuries	V20-V29.9
Motor vehicle road injuries	V30-V79.9, V87.2-V87.3
Other road injuries	V80-V80.9, V82-V82.9
Other transport injuries	V00-V00.8, V05-V05.9, V81-V81.9, V83-V86.9, V88.2-V88.3, V90-V98.8	E800-E807, E830-E838, E840-E849

Source:
http://ghdx.healthdata.org/record/global-burden-disease-study-2016-gbd-2016-causes-death-and-nonfatal-causes-mapped-icd-codes

[robj411]

The complete list for the injuries module, following the ICD10 codes, is:

pedestrian
cyclist
motorcycle driver
three-wheeler driver
car driver
van driver
bus driver
hgv driver
motorcycle passenger
three-wheeler passenger
car passenger
van passenger
bus passenger
hgv passenger

A good list is:

pedestrian
cyclist
motorcycle driver
three-wheeler driver
car driver
van driver
motorcycle passenger
three-wheeler passenger
car passenger
bus passenger

Where we are not interested in details of the striking vehicle, and we use vehicle data to define striker exposure, we need only:

pedestrian
cyclist
motorcycle
three-wheeler
car
van
bus
hgv

[robj411]

For Accra, we define minimum five modes from the travel survey:
car
taxi
walking
bus
bicycle

And can include in addition:
motorcycle
bus_driver
truck
walk_to_bus

We map them onto other types where necessary, mostly by pre-processing in order that the naming convention is consistent across modules. In fact, all these words have been hard-coded into ITHIM-R somewhere*, so perhaps it is a list we can build on, adaptively mapping modes if necessary further down the line.

*E.g.: (1) Each mode has a specified speed, emission factor, and distance relative to car. (2) Some modes have a ventilation rate and/or pollution exposure. (3) Currently 'walking' maps directly onto 'pedestrian' in the injury module.

[robj411]

Travel modes are defined on a per-city basis. For the modules to work together, the speeds, emission inventory, trips, and injuries should match in terms of the words (inc spelling) used to describe the modes.

There are a few requirements, e.g. 'walking' mapping to 'pedestrian'. There are a few harmonisation steps where e.g. 'cycle' becomes 'bicycle'. This could be extended with a dictionary.

Modes are grouped in prespecified ways for injury distances, based on the cities we have worked with so far (and the ICD10 codes). See https://github.com/ITHIM/ITHIM-R/blob/master/R/add_distance_columns.R and https://github.com/ITHIM/ITHIM-R/blob/master/R/distances_for_injury_function.R.