Python 3.12 Support

[cyschneck]

PR Summary

Closes #483

PR Checklist

General

• Make an issue if one doesn't already exist
• Link the issue this PR resolves by adding closes #XXX to the PR description where XXX is the number of the issue.
• Add a brief summary of changes to docs/release-notes.rst in a relevant section for the next unreleased release. Possible sections include: Documentation, New Features, Bug Fixes, Internal Changes, Breaking Changes/Deprecated
• Add appropriate labels to this PR
• Make your changes in a forked repository rather than directly in this repo
• Open this PR as a draft if it is not ready for review
• Convert this PR from a draft to a full PR before requesting reviewers
• Passes precommit. To set up on your local, run pre-commit install from the top level of the repository. To manually run pre-commits, use pre-commit run --all-files and re-add any changed files before committing again and pushing.
• If needed, squash and merge PR commits into a single commit to clean up commit history

[cyschneck]

• Update documentation to include 3.12 (README.md)
• Update build environments (setup.cfg, docs.yml, environment.yml)
• Workflow releases and pytests (ci-release.yml, ci.yml)
• Check Python 3.12.0 compatibility for existing dependency packages

Version Number not Available

• eofs (version number = "unknown" -> from except ImportError, but package working)
• pre-commit (no version number)

Compatible Packages

• cf_xarray (running 0.8.8)
• cftime (running 1.6.3)
• dask (running 2024.1.1)
• distributed (running 2024.1.1)
• eofs
• metpy (running 1.6.1)
• numba (running 0.59.0)
• numpy (running 1.26.3)
• scipy (running 1.12.0)
• pandas (running 2.2.0)
• pint (running 0.23)
• xarray (running 2024.1.1)
• xskillscore (running 0.0.24)
• geocat-datafiles (running 2021.1.0)
• parameterized (running 0.9.0)
• pytest (running 8.0.0)
• pytest-cov (running 4.1.0)

[cyschneck]

Drop Python 3.9 support in the spring (#553)

[kafitzgerald]

This looks good to me.

It does add a number of tests to the CI with the additional Python version running for all of the platforms. @anissa111 are you good with that or is it worth thinning things down a bit?

[anissa111]

This looks good to me.

It does add a number of tests to the CI with the additional Python version running for all of the platforms. @anissa111 are you good with that or is it worth thinning things down a bit?

I think if we're going to continue supporting all the versions, we do need to test against them all. The tests (at least for the most part) run pretty quickly, I think we should be okay until April.

[anissa111]

Looks good, thank you!