[CI] Fix JAX versioning script and compatibility check workflow

[sergei-mironov]

In this PR we do the following:

• Updates to the JAX versioning script:
  • Supported alternative location of commit constant in the JAX repo
  • Preserve the existing enzyme=<hash> variable while building .dep_versions file
  • Automatically patch JAX version constant found in catalyst.__init__.py
• Updates to the CI JAX compatibility checker workflow
  • Workflow now checkouts right revisions for LLVM, MHLO and Enzyme
  • Added Python virtual environments to workaround the pip-install problem
  • Re-ordered build steps according to the nstallation guide

The CI workflow that was finished successfully for the current version of JAX is here

[sc-46581]

[sergei-mironov]

The workflow should be fixed by now, the interop=false mode has completed successfully. Building everything for jax-0.4.18 has failed because of an LLVM-Enzyme compatibility issue, so no free jax update this time. The frontend also required some minor changes so I created a separate branch for experiments named jax-0.4.18.

UPD: The Enzyme version I picked did work with LLVM, but lead to build failure in our dialects. Details here

PS Do we really need a Changelog entry for this PR?

[dime10]

No changelog required for CI-only changes, unless they affect the package we release.

[dime10]

Thanks this looks great 👍

[dime10]

💯

[dime10]

Actually, could you add changelog entry since we updated a requirement?