Add handling for positional only and keyword only arguments when parsing a function signature from source code

[desertaxle]

Updates prefect. utilities.callables.parameter_schema_from_entrypoint to correctly handle positional-only and keyword-only arguments. Previously, these types of arguments would be left out from the generated signature.

Closes #13709

Example

See the following tests for examples:

def test_function_with_kwargs_only(tmp_path: Path):
    source_code = dedent(
        """
    def f(
        *,
        x: int = 42,
    ):
        pass
    """
    )

    tmp_path.joinpath("test.py").write_text(source_code)
    schema = callables.parameter_schema_from_entrypoint(f"{tmp_path}/test.py:f")
    assert schema.model_dump_for_openapi() == {
        "properties": {
            "x": {"title": "x", "position": 0, "type": "integer", "default": 42}
        },
        "title": "Parameters",
        "type": "object",
        "definitions": {},
    }

def test_function_with_positional_only_args(tmp_path: Path):
    source_code = dedent(
        """
    def f(x=1, /, y=2, z=3):
        pass
    """
    )

    tmp_path.joinpath("test.py").write_text(source_code)
    schema = callables.parameter_schema_from_entrypoint(f"{tmp_path}/test.py:f")
    assert schema.model_dump_for_openapi() == {
        "properties": {
            "x": {"title": "x", "position": 0, "default": 1},
            "y": {"title": "y", "position": 1, "default": 2},
            "z": {"title": "z", "position": 2, "default": 3},
        },
        "title": "Parameters",
        "type": "object",
        "definitions": {},
    }

Checklist

• This pull request references any related issue by including "closes <link to issue>"
  • If no issue exists and your change is not a small fix, please create an issue first.
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• This pull request includes a label categorizing the change e.g. maintenance, fix, feature, enhancement, docs.

For documentation changes:

• This pull request includes redirect settings in mint.json for files that are removed or renamed.

For new functions or classes in the Python SDK:

• This pull request includes helpful docstrings.
• If a new Python file was added, this pull request contains a stub page in the Python SDK docs and an entry in docs/mint.json navigation.

[zzstoatzz]

lgtm!