Added Library Management System in Python

Library Management System/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+
+# Super Class representing a person
+class Person:
+    def __init__(self, name, age, ID):
+        """
+        Initialize a person with their name, age, and ID.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): The name of the person.
+            age (int): The age of the person.
+            ID (str): The unique ID of the person.
+        """
+        self.name = name
+        self.age = age
+        self.ID = ID
+
+    def get_details(self):
+        """
+        Get details of the person, including ID, name, and age.
+        """
+        print("ID: {}\nName: {}\nAge: {}".format(self.ID, self.name, self.age))
+
+
+# Sub Class of Person representing a student
+class Student(Person):
+    def __init__(self, name, age, ID, student_ID):
+        """
+        Initialize a student with additional attributes.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): The name of the student.
+            age (int): The age of the student.
+            ID (str): The unique ID of the student.
+            student_ID (str): The student's unique identification code.
+        """
+        super().__init__(name, age, ID)
+        self.student_ID = student_ID
+        self.issued_books = []  # List of books issued to the student
+        self.borrowed_books = []  # List of books currently borrowed by the student
+
+    def borrow_book(self, book):
+        """
+        Allow the student to borrow a book if not exceeding the borrowing limit.
+
+        Args:
+            book (LibraryItem): The book to be borrowed.
+        """
+        if len(self.borrowed_books) < 3:  # Student can borrow up to 3 books
+            self.borrowed_books.append(book)
+            book.checkout(self)
+        else:
+            print("You have reached the borrowing limit.")
+
+    def return_book(self, book):
+        """
+        Allow the student to return a borrowed book.
+
+        Args:
+            book (LibraryItem): The book to be returned.
+        """
+        if book in self.borrowed_books:
+            self.borrowed_books.remove(book)
+            book.return_item(self)
+        else:
+            print("You did not borrow this book.")
+
+    def get_details(self):
+        """
+        Get details of the student, including ID, name, age, student ID, and issued books.
+        """
+        super().get_details()
+        print("Student ID: {}".format(self.student_ID))
+        print("Issued Books: {}".format(", ".join(book.title for book in self.issued_books)))
+
+
+# SubClass of Person representing a staff member
+class Staff(Person):
+    def __init__(self, name, age, ID, staff_id, designation):
+        """
+        Initialize a staff member with additional attributes.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): The name of the staff member.
+            age (int): The age of the staff member.
+            ID (str): The unique ID of the staff member.
+            staff_id (str): The staff member's unique identification code.
+            designation (str): The job designation of the staff member.
+        """
+        super().__init__(name, age, ID)
+        self.staff_id = staff_id
+        self.designation = designation
+        self.issued_books = []  # List of books issued to the staff member
+        self.borrowed_books = []  # List of books currently borrowed by the staff member
+
+    def borrow_book(self, book):
+        """
+        Allow the staff member to borrow a book if not exceeding the borrowing limit.
+
+        Args:
+            book (LibraryItem): The book to be borrowed.
+        """
+        if len(self.borrowed_books) < 5:  # Staff can borrow up to 5 books
+            self.borrowed_books.append(book)
+            book.checkout(self)
+        else:
+            print("You have reached the borrowing limit.")
+
+    def return_book(self, book):
+        """
+        Allow the staff member to return a borrowed book.
+
+        Args:
+            book (LibraryItem): The book to be returned.
+        """
+        if book in self.borrowed_books:
+            self.borrowed_books.remove(book)
+            book.return_item(self)
+        else:
+            print("You did not borrow this book.")
+
+    def get_details(self):
+        """
+        Get details of the staff member, including ID, name, age, staff ID, and designation.
+        """
+        super().get_details()
+        print("Staff ID: {}".format(self.staff_id))
+        print("Designation: {}".format(self.designation))
+
+
+# Abstract Class representing a library item
+class LibraryItem(ABC):
+    def __init__(self, book_ID, title, author):
+        """
+        Initialize a library item with its unique ID, title, and author.
+
+        Args:
+            book_ID (int): The unique ID of the library item.
+            title (str): The title of the library item.
+            author (str): The author of the library item.
+        """
+        self.book_ID = book_ID
+        self.title = title
+        self.author = author
+        self.borrowed_by = None  # Reference to the person who borrowed the item
+
+    # Abstract method for checking out an item
+    @abstractmethod
+    def checkout(self, person):
+        pass
+
+    # Abstract method for returning an item
+    @abstractmethod
+    def return_item(self, person):
+        pass
+
+
+# Sub class of Library Item representing a physical book
+# Static Class
+class Book(LibraryItem):
+    def checkout(self, person):
+        """
+        Allow a person to check out a physical book if it's available.
+
+        Args:
+            person (Person): The person who wants to check out the book.
+        """
+        if not self.borrowed_by:
+            self.borrowed_by = person
+            person.issued_books.append(self)
+            print(f"Checking out the book: {self.title} by {self.author}")
+            due_date = datetime.now() + timedelta(days=14)  # Due date is set to 14 days from now
+            print("Due Date: {}".format(due_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')))
+        else:
+            print("This book is already borrowed by {}.".format(self.borrowed_by.name))
+
+    def return_item(self, person):
+        """
+        Allow a person to return a borrowed physical book.
+
+        Args:
+            person (Person): The person who wants to return the book.
+        """
+        if self.borrowed_by == person:
+            self.borrowed_by = None
+            person.issued_books.remove(self)
+            print("Returning the book: {} by {}".format(self.title, self.author))
+        else:
+            print("You did not borrow this book or it was borrowed by someone else.")
+
+    def read(self):
+        """
+        Simulate reading a physical book.
+        """
+        print("Reading the book: {} by {}".format(self.title, self.author))
+
+
+# SubClass of LibraryItem representing an eBook
+class Ebook(LibraryItem):
+    def __init__(self, book_ID, title, author, file_size, format):
+        """
+        Initialize an eBook with additional attributes.
+
+        Args:
+            book_ID (int): The unique ID of the eBook.
+            title (str): The title of the eBook.
+            author (str): The author of the eBook.
+            file_size (int): The size of the eBook file in megabytes.
+            format (str): The format of the eBook (e.g., PDF, EPUB).
+        """
+        super().__init__(book_ID, title, author)
+        self.file_size = file_size
+        self.format = format
+
+    def checkout(self, person):
+        """
+        Allow a person to check out an eBook if it's available.
+
+        Args:
+            person (Person): The person who wants to check out the eBook.
+        """
+        if not self.borrowed_by:
+            self.borrowed_by = person
+            person.issued_books.append(self)
+            print(f"Checking out the eBook: {self.title} by {self.author}")
+            print(f"File Size: {self.file_size} MB")
+            print(f"Format: {self.format}")
+            due_date = datetime.now() + timedelta(days=7)  # Due date is set to 7 days from now for eBooks
+            print("Due Date: {}".format(due_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')))
+        else:
+            print(f"This eBook is already borrowed by {self.borrowed_by.name}.")
+
+    def return_item(self, person):
+        """
+        Allow a person to return a borrowed eBook.
+
+        Args:
+            person (Person): The person who wants to return the eBook.
+        """
+        if self.borrowed_by == person:
+            self.borrowed_by = None
+            person.issued_books.remove(self)
+            print("Returning the eBook: {} by {}".format(self.title, self.author))
+        else:
+            print("You did not borrow this eBook or it was borrowed by someone else.")
+
+    def read(self):
+        """
+        Simulate reading an eBook.
+        """
+        print("Reading the eBook: {} by {}".format(self.title, self.author))
+        print("File Size: {} MB".format(self.file_size))
+        print("Format: {}".format(self.format))
+
+
+class Library:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.books = []  # List of physical books in the library
+        self.ebooks = []  # List of eBooks in the library
+        self.members = []  # List of library members (students and staff)
+
+    def add_book(self, book):
+        """
+        Add a physical book to the library.
+
+        Args:
+            book (Book): The physical book to be added.
+        """
+        self.books.append(book)
+
+    def add_ebook(self, ebook):
+        """
+        Add an eBook to the library.
+
+        Args:
+            ebook (Ebook): The eBook to be added.
+        """
+        self.ebooks.append(ebook)
+
+    def add_member(self, member):
+        """
+        Add a library member (student or staff) to the library.
+
+        Args:
+            member (Person): The library member to be added.
+        """
+        self.members.append(member)
+
+    def search_book_by_title(self, title):
+        """
+        Search for books in the library by title by List Comprehension.
+
+        Args:
+            title (str): The title of the book to search for.
+
+        Returns:
+            list: A list of matching books.
+        """
+        matching_books = [book for book in self.books if title.lower() in book.title.lower()]
+        return matching_books
+
+    def search_book_by_author(self, author):
+        """
+        Search for books in the library by author by List Comprehension.
+
+        Args:
+            author (str): The author of the book to search for.
+
+        Returns:
+            list: A list of matching books.
+        """
+        matching_books = [book for book in self.books if author.lower() in book.author.lower()]
+        return matching_books
+
+    def search_book_by_id(self, book_id):
+        """
+        Search for a book in the library by its unique ID by List Comprehension.
+
+        Args:
+            book_id (int): The unique ID of the book to search for.
+
+        Returns:
+            list: A list containing the matching book or an empty list if not found.
+        """
+        matching_books = [book for book in self.books if book.book_ID == book_id]
+        return matching_books
+
+    def list_all_books(self):
+        """
+        List all physical books in the library.
+        """
+        for book in self.books:
+            print("Book ID: {}\nTitle: {}\nAuthor: {}\n".format(book.book_ID, book.title, book.author))
+
+    def list_all_issued_books(self):
+        """
+        List all books issued by library members.
+        """
+        for member in self.members:
+            print(f"{member.name}'s Issued Books:")
+            for book in member.issued_books:
+                print("Title: {}\nAuthor: {}\n".format(book.title, book.author))
+
+    def list_all_members(self):
+        """
+        List all library members along with their details.
+        """
+        print("Library Members:")
+        for member in self.members:
+            member.get_details()
+            print("\n")
+
+    def download_ebook(self, ebook):
+        print(f"Downloading {ebook.title}.")
+
+# Usage example:
+# Created instances of Person, Student, Staff, Book, Ebook, and Library classes and perform operations.
+p1 = Person("Hassan", 21, "029")
+p2 = Person("Hamza", 20, "214")
+
+# Created Book objects
+b1 = Book(1, "The Kite Runner", "Khaled Hosseini")
+b2 = Book(2, "The Apocalypse", "Unknown Author")
+
+# Created Ebook objects
+e1 = Ebook(3, "Python Programming", "John Smith", 5, "PDF")
+e2 = Ebook(4, "Data Science Essentials", "Alice Johnson", 3, "EPUB")
+
+# Created Student object and perform operations
+s1 = Student("Hassan", 21, "029", "CT-21121")
+s1.borrow_book(b1)
+s1.borrow_book(b2)
+
+# Created Staff object and perform operations
+staff1 = Staff("Alice", 30, "123", "STF-001", "Librarian")
+staff1.borrow_book(e1)
+staff1.borrow_book(e2)
+
+# Created Library object and add books, ebooks, and members
+library = Library()
+library.add_book(b1)
+library.add_book(b2)
+library.add_ebook(e1)
+library.add_ebook(e2)
+library.add_member(s1)
+library.add_member(staff1)
+
+library.search_book_by_title("The")
+library.list_all_issued_books()
+library.list_all_members()