Refactor authentication

[SamuelWei]

Type (Highlight the corresponding type)

• Bugfix
• Feature
• Documentation
• Refactoring (e.g. Style updates, Test implementation, etc.)
• Other (please describe):

Checklist

• Code updated to current masters head
• Passes CI checks
• Is a part of an issue
• Tests added for the bugfix or newly implemented feature, describe below why if not
• Changelog is updated
• Documentation of code and features exists

Changes

• Refactor external login via LDAP
• Refactor and improve attribute and role mapping
• Restructure docs

Other information

Checky-Picking from #336 to sperate PRs and make them easier to review

Authentication with LDAP has been fundamentally refactored.
In the process, some .env variables were changed, added or removed. The following table provides an overview of the changes.

Old .env Attribute	New .env Attribute	Description
LDAP_ROLE_ATTRIBUTE	Removed	Attribute with the users role, can be a multi value attribute, replaced with new mapping json file
LDAP_ROLE_MAP	Removed	Map the attribute to the name of a local role, replaced with new mapping json file
AUTH_LOG_LDAP_ROLES	AUTH_LOG_ROLES	Show found roles during mapping
-	LDAP_GUID_KEY	Attribute with GUID; OpenLDAP (default): 'entryuuid', AD: 'objectGUID'
-	LDAP_OBJECT_CLASSES	Comma seperated list of the object class (default: top,person,organizationalperson,inetorgperson)
-	LDAP_LOGIN_ATTRIBUTE	Attribute by which the user should be found in the LDAP (default: uid)

Please have a look at the external authentication documentation

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Patch coverage: 100.00% and project coverage change: +0.18 🎉

Comparison is base (4de18c0) 94.96% compared to head (d1330a0) 95.14%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master     #340      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     94.96%   95.14%   +0.18%     
- Complexity      828      858      +30     
============================================
  Files           226      234       +8     
  Lines          5523     5625     +102     
  Branches        500      498       -2     
============================================
+ Hits           5245     5352     +107     
+ Misses          263      259       -4     
+ Partials         15       14       -1     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
app/Console/Kernel.php	30.00% <ø> (ø)
app/Models/User.php	97.22% <ø> (ø)
app/Providers/AuthServiceProvider.php	100.00% <ø> (ø)
app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...ources/js/components/Login/LocalLoginComponent.vue	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...omponents/User/AuthenticationSettingsComponent.vue	100.00% <ø> (ø)
resources/js/components/User/ProfileComponent.vue	98.79% <ø> (ø)
resources/js/router.js	75.18% <ø> (ø)
resources/js/views/Login.vue	100.00% <ø> (ø)
app/Auth/ExternalUser.php	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
... and 27 more

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