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- Latest Known Flight Software Compatbility: v16.1
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TRACE (Tumbling Rendezvous via Autonmous Characterization and Execution) is a set of software modules that enable autonomous rendezvous with arbitrary tumbling targets. A significant percentage of space debris like rocket bodies and defunct satellites are in uncontrolled tumbles, often with unknown tumble characteristics. In order to soft dock for servicing, refueling, or de-orbit, a servicer spacecaft must figure out the nature of the target's tumble and safely reach the target. This often eliminates teleoperation as a feasible option---this is where TRACE comes in. TRACE has been demonstrated on-orbit over multiple test sessions on the International Space Station using NASA's Astrobee robots.
TRACE was developed as part of the ROAM/TumbleDock project, a collaboration between the MIT Space Systems Lab and DLR's Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics. TRACE observes a tumbling Target, estimates its state/parameters, creates a motion plan to reach it, and then plans/tracks robustly in real-time to reach a safe rendezvous position known as the "mating point." This code has flown multiple times on the International Space Station, verifying the real-time performance of the various algorithmic components on hardware. The work, including its assumptions and experimental results, is summarized in detail in few useful references below:
- K. Albee et al., “A robust observation, planning, and control pipeline for autonomous rendezvous with tumbling targets,” Frontiers in Robotics and AI, vol. 8, p. 234, 2021, doi: 10.3389/frobt.2021.641338.
- K. Albee, “Online information-aware motion planning with model improvement for uncertain mobile robotics,” Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2022.
- C. Oestreich, A. Teran, J. Todd, K. Albee, and R. Linares, “On-orbit inspection of an unknown, tumbling target using NASA’s Astrobee robotic free-flyers,” presented at the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Virtual, 2021.
- K. Albee, C. Specht, H. Mishra, C. Oestreich, B. Brunner, and R. Linares, “Autonomous rendezvous with an uncertain, uncooperative tumbling target: the TumbleDock flight experiments,” presented at the ESA ASTRA, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2022.
This repository includes modules for target time-of-flight camera-based state estimation, robust model predictive control, ROS-based coordination code, and sample trajectories. It does not contain DLR's separate motion planning method---a suitable motion planner must be substituted.
This code can also interface with Astrobee's simulation environment for convenient testing. A brief guide has also been produced for Astrobee's Flight Software to aid in any Astrobee-related development.
TRACE is designed to run on a debian-based system, and has recently been used with both Ubuntu 16.04 and 20.04. Your base system should be a bare version of either 16.04 or 20.04 (recommended).
Note: You might also choose to start from NASA Astrobee's preconfigured Ubuntu 20.04 container if you prefer working with Docker. See below.
TRACE's modules are general-purpose. In this repo, they are integrated with ROS for communication. Full simulation tests (and Astrobee hardware integration) of TRACE are possible using NASA's Astrobee simulator. Discussion of this setup is described below.
TRACE's major dependencies include:
- GTSAM
- CasADi
- Teaser++
- ROS (for messaging, Astrobee interfacing, and tf convenience functions)
If you haven't configured ROS yet, add its package lists:
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'
sudo apt install curl # if you haven't already installed curl
curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/ros.asc | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt updateMost of TRACE's dependencies are satisfied on a debian-based system with:
# ROS and core dependencies
sudo apt install pip3 python-is-python3 python3-rospkg-modules libgmp3-dev m4 ros-noetic-eigen-conversions libccd-dev libeigen3-dev python-dev python-yaml ros-noetic-desktop-full python3-catkin-tools libpcl-dev wget git
# numerical Python
pip3 install pycddlib scipy numpy pytope matplotlibAt this point, you are ready to set up your trace-ws workspace for TRACE. If you haven't already sourced ROS, do that now:
# See ROS install instructions for your system for details if you are not used to this step:
# https://wiki.ros.org/ROS/Tutorials/InstallingandConfiguringROSEnvironment
source /opt/ros/noetic/setup.bashcd ~
mkdir trace-ws
cd trace-ws
catkin init
git clone https://github.com/albee/trace # might need to use SSH instead
mv trace src/traceExternal dependencies (GTSAM, CasADi, Teaser++) are satisfied using the following sources:
cd src
git submodule update --init --recursive
# gtsam
pushd external/gtsam && mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. -DGTSAM_BUILD_WITH_MARCH_NATIVE=OFF -DGTSAM_USE_SYSTEM_EIGEN=ON && make -j2
sudo make install
popd
# casadi
pushd external/casadi && mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make -j2
sudo make install
popd
# teaserpp
pushd external/TEASER-plusplus && mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. -DBUILD_TEASER_FPFH=ON && make -j2
sudo make install
popdFinally, this implementation of TRACE offers tight integration with the Astrobee simulation for visualization and systems testing. Minimal Astrobee-derived messages and base classes are therefore required; however, TRACE's core algorithms can be separated, if desired:
Follow the instructions from TUTORIAL.md for Astrobee simulation setup.
This repo contains ROS-compatible packages, meant for the src directory of a traditional ROS catkin workspace.
To build, go to your trace-ws workspace :
cd ~/trace-ws
catkin build -j2
See TUTORIAL.md for a walkthrough on running TRACE in the Astrobee simulation environment!
- Target state estimation of Target by Chaser (angular velocity and orientation)
- Target parameter estimation of Target by Chaser (in progress)
- Online motion estimation of Target by Chaser
- NLP-based motion planning method which also accounts for appendage avoidance
- Robust tube-MPC controller for robust tracking of trajectory (plus a backup PD controller)
- Target tracking of desired tumble motion