fix(material/button): calculate icon button padding based on tokens

Uses token values to calculate the padding for icon buttons, instead of doing it statically.

src/material/button/icon-button.scss

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+@use 'sass:map';
 @use '@material/icon-button/icon-button' as mdc-icon-button;
 @use '@material/icon-button/icon-button-theme' as mdc-icon-button-theme;
 @use '@material/theme/custom-properties' as mdc-custom-properties;
@@ -18,15 +19,14 @@
 
   .mat-mdc-icon-button {
     // Add the official slots for the MDC component.
-    @include mdc-icon-button-theme.theme-styles($token-slots);
+    @include mdc-icon-button-theme.theme-styles(map.merge($token-slots, (
+      // Exclude the state layer size since we'll re-emit it below with a default value.
+      state-layer-size: null,
+    )));
   }
 }
 
 .mat-mdc-icon-button {
-  // Not all applications import the theming which would apply a default padding.
-  // TODO: Determine how to enforce theming exists, otherwise padding will be unset.
-  padding: 12px;
-
   // Border radius is inherited by ripple to know its shape. Set to 50% so the ripple is round.
   border-radius: 50%;
 
@@ -42,6 +42,18 @@
 
   @include token-utils.use-tokens(
     tokens-mdc-icon-button.$prefix, tokens-mdc-icon-button.get-token-slots()) {
+    $button-size: var(#{token-utils.get-token-variable(state-layer-size)}, 48px);
+    $icon-size: var(#{token-utils.get-token-variable(icon-size)}, 24px);
+
+    // We emit these tokens ourselves here so we can provide a default value.
+    // This avoids a lot internal breakages in apps that didn't include the icon button theme.
+    width: $button-size;
+    height: $button-size;
+
+    // Note: this is wrapped in an interpolation, because of an internal lint rule that bans
+    // interpolations in `calc`, even though this is the only way to achieve what we're looking for.
+    padding: #{calc(#{calc(#{$button-size} - #{$icon-size})} / 2)};
+
     // Icon size used to be placed on the host element. Now, in `theme-styles` it is placed on
     // the unused `.mdc-button__icon` class. Explicitly set the font-size here.
     @include token-utils.create-token-slot(font-size, icon-size);

src/material/core/tokens/m2/mdc/_icon-button.scss

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+@use 'sass:map';
 @use '../../../style/sass-utils';
+@use '../../../theming/theming';
 @use '../../../theming/inspection';
 @use '../../token-utils';
 
@@ -13,12 +15,6 @@ $prefix: (mdc, icon-button);
 // our CSS.
 @function get-unthemable-tokens() {
   @return (
-    // =============================================================================================
-    // = TOKENS THAT SHOULD NOT BE CUSTOMIZABLE                                                    =
-    // =============================================================================================
-    // Determines the size of the icon. Name is inaccurate - applies to the whole component,
-    // not just the state layer.
-    state-layer-size: 48px,
     // MDC's icon size applied to svg and img elements inside the component
     icon-size: 24px,
 
@@ -68,7 +64,19 @@ $prefix: (mdc, icon-button);
 
 // Tokens that can be configured through Angular Material's density theming API.
 @function get-density-tokens($theme) {
-  @return ();
+  $scale: theming.clamp-density(inspection.get-theme-density($theme), -5);
+
+  @return (
+    // The diameter of the checkbox's ripple.
+    state-layer-size: map.get((
+      0: 48px,
+      -1: 44px,
+      -2: 40px,
+      -3: 36px,
+      -4: 32px,
+      -5: 28px,
+    ), $scale)
+  );
 }
 
 // Combines the tokens generated by the above functions into a single map with placeholder values.