ARROW-3938: [Packaging] Stop to refer java/pom.xml to get version information

[kou]

No description provided.

[codecov-io]

Codecov Report

Merging #3259 into master will increase coverage by 1.14%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #3259      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   88.53%   89.68%   +1.14%     
==========================================
  Files         539      481      -58     
  Lines       72836    68824    -4012     
==========================================
- Hits        64486    61722    -2764     
+ Misses       8245     7102    -1143     
+ Partials      105        0     -105

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
go/arrow/array/table.go
go/arrow/math/uint64_amd64.go
go/arrow/internal/testing/tools/bool.go
go/arrow/internal/bitutil/bitutil.go
go/arrow/memory/memory_avx2_amd64.go
go/arrow/array/null.go
go/arrow/datatype_nested.go
go/arrow/array/string.go
go/arrow/math/uint64_avx2_amd64.go
go/arrow/array/builder.go
... and 49 more

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[wesm]

+1. I am not sure if there is a better solution, but this seems superior to the current situation. Thanks for working on this!