[INLONG-3826][Sort] Enhance field format to support varchar types and timestamp of different precisions

[yunqingmoswu]

Title Name: [INLONG-3826][Sort] Enhance field format to support varchar types and timestamp of different precisions

Fixes #3826

Motivation

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Modifications

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Verifying this change

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• This change is a trivial rework/code cleanup without any test coverage.

• This change is already covered by existing tests, such as:
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• This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

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  • Added integration tests for end-to-end deployment with large payloads (10MB)
  • Extended integration test for recovery after broker failure

Documentation

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