Rework block processing benchmark code

[sipa]

• Replace -benchmark (and the related fBenchmark) with a regular debug option, -debug=bench.
• Increase coverage and granularity of individual block processing steps.
• Add cummulative times.

Example output:

   - Load block from disk: 3.11ms [51.13s]
       - Connect 484 transactions: 4.14ms (0.009ms/tx, 0.005ms/txin) [64.37s]
     - Verify 860 txins: 4.25ms (0.005ms/txin) [66.98s]
     - Index writing: 1.22ms [33.53s]
     - Callbacks: 0.10ms [2.15s]
   - Connect total: 14.17ms [203.69s]
   - Flush: 1.00ms [19.88s]
   - Writing chainstate: 0.09ms [33.30s]
   - Connect postprocess: 0.23ms [5.15s]
 - Connect block: 11.96ms [313.16s]

Note that the subdivisions work backwards: the grand total is the last item, 'Connect transactions' is a part of 'Verify transactions', and 'Verify transactions', 'Index writing', and 'Callbacks' are part of 'Connect total'.

[BitcoinPullTester]

Automatic sanity-testing: PASSED, see http://jenkins.bluematt.me/pull-tester/p4593_d70bc52ee31b8c4c87ee011625e7031c2dc89c0c/ for binaries and test log.
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[jgarzik]

ACK

[laanwj]

ACK