[CI/CD] Add implementation for test-dbt-installation-docker workflow

[alexander-smolyakov]

Description:
This PR adds implementation for the test-dbt-installation-docker workflow to test dbt adapters installation via Docker.

Changelog:
test-dbt-installation-docker:

• Added initial implementation;
• Updated workflow docs;

test-dbt-installation-main:

• Added selector to provide an ability to run specific dbt installation tests;

Related issue:

• [CT-1814] [CT-420] Make a GitHub Action that periodically installs dbt in all the supported ways. #62
• [CT-553] Add test for docker image build dbt-core#5154

Run examples:

• https://github.com/dbt-labs/actions/actions/runs/3958917128;
• https://github.com/dbt-labs/actions/actions/runs/3958807499;
• https://github.com/dbt-labs/actions/actions/runs/3958826242;

[emmyoop]

We really need to include the version that failed in addition to just the adapter. The slack notification message may. The slack notification message also still suggests this is a failing integration test.

[emmyoop]

Kist a small description change then good to merge.