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wxWidgets for GTK installation {#plat_gtk_install}

[TOC]

Installation {#gtk_install}

The simplest case {#gtk_simple}

If you compile wxWidgets on Linux for the first time and don't like to read install instructions just [get the sources](@ref install_get_sources) and do the following in wxWidgets directory:

$ mkdir buildgtk
$ cd buildgtk
$ ../configure --with-gtk
$ make

It is recommended to use -jN option with the last command, where N is a number of the processors in your system (which can be checked using nproc command if you are not sure), as this will dramatically speed up the build on modern systems. So in practice you should use a command like this:

$ make -j8

(but don't use it unless you actually have 8 CPUs and enough memory for that many parallel compiler invocations).

You may also prefer to add -s option to avoid normal output from make and/or redirect it you to a log file for further inspection.

You should build at least the smallest possible wxWidgets sample to verify that everything is working as intended, by doing

$ cd samples/minimal
$ make

and try running it using ./minimal command from the same directory.

After confirming that it works, you may want to install wxWidgets by running

$ sudo make install
$ sudo ldconfig

(if you get "ldconfig: command not found", try using /sbin/ldconfig)

but note that this part is optional and you can use the libraries from the buildgtk directory by running .../buildgtk/wx-config script using its full path instead of just using wx-config.

Note that by default, GTK 3 is used. GTK 2 can be specified with --with-gtk=2 configure option.

If you want to use CMake, please see @ref overview_cmake for building wxWidgets using it.

Prerequisites {#gtk_prereq}

To build wxWidgets, you need to have a number of libraries on your system. While all of them may be compiled from source, under Linux systems it is much more common to install the development packages containing the headers and library files.

At the very least, you will need GTK libraries themselves. Unfortunately the exact package names differ between different Linux distributions, but for Debian and Debian-based distribution these libraries are part of libgtk-3-dev package, while in Fedora and other RPM-based distributions the same package is known as gtk3-devel.

For OpenGL support, you need libgl1-mesa-dev packages under Debian and mesa-libGL-devel and under Fedora. For EGL support, libegl1-mesa-dev or mesa-libEGL-devel is needed.

wxMediaCtrl implementation requires GStreamer and its plugins development packages, i.e. either libgstreamer-plugins-baseVERSION-dev or gstreamerVERSION-plugins-base-devel, where VERSION should be 1.0, but 0.10 is still supported as well for compatibility with old systems.

wxWebRequest requites libcurl development package, e.g. libcurl4-openssl-dev or libcurl-devel.

wxWebView requires libwebkit2gtk-4.0-dev under Debian and webkit2gtk3-devel under Fedora.

For the different image format libraries (PNG, JPEG, TIFF) as well as zlib, you may install the corresponding libNAME-dev or -devel libraries or use the built-in versions of them, i.e. the same libraries compiled as part of wxWidgets, instead if you prefer.

Troubleshooting {#gtk_errors_simple}

IMPORTANT NOTE: When sending bug reports tell us the exact version of wxWidgets you are using as well as what compiler on what system. One example: wxGTK 3.0.5, GCC 9.3.1, Fedora 31.

For any configure errors: please look at config.log file which was generated during configure run, it usually contains some useful information.

If configure reports that you don't have GTK installed, please check that the appropriate development package is available on your system and not just the GTK libraries themselves. You can use pkg-config --modversion gtk+-3.0 (or 2.0) to check that this is the case.

You get errors from make: please use GNU make instead of the native make program. Currently wxWidgets can be built only with GNU make, BSD make and Solaris make. Other versions might work or not.

You get immediate crashes when starting any sample or application: This may be due to having compiled the library with different flags or compiler options than your program or using the headers from a different version of the library that is being used during run-time. If you have multiple versions of wxWidgets installed, please try uninstalling the ones you don't need and rebuilding.

The simplest program {#gtk_simple_app}

Now create your super-application myfoo.cpp and compile anywhere with

g++ myfoo.cpp `wx-config --libs --cxxflags` -o myfoo

Configure options {#gtk_options}

This section documents some of the most important configure options. It is not exhaustive, please refer to configure --help for the full list of options.

Note that the options documented below are given in the form indicating how to change the default behaviour, i.e. if it says "--disable-optimise" it means that optimizations are enabled by default.

All standard configure options are supported, e.g. you can choose --prefix to select the directory to install the libraries to. Also note that cross-compiling is fully supported, just specify the --host option as usual (please refer to autoconf manual for more information).

The following options can be used to specify the kind and number of libraries to build:

  • --disable-shared \n Do not create shared libraries, but build static libraries instead.

  • --enable-monolithic \n Build wxWidgets as single library instead of as several smaller libraries (which is the default since wxWidgets 2.5.0).

Options for third party dependencies: wxWidgets may use other libraries present on the current system, see the @ref gtk_prereq "prerequisites section above". For some of these libraries, wxWidgets also provides built-in versions, that can be linked into wx libraries themselves, which can be useful to minimize external dependencies. By default, system versions will be used if available, but --with-xxx=builtin configure option may be used to override this.

  • --disable-sys-libs \n Don't use system libraries when there is a built-in version included in wxWidgets. This is equivalent to using --with-xxx=builtin for all libraries that have built-in versions. Note that other system libraries can, and typically will, still be used if found.

  • --without-libpng \n Disables PNG image format code. Use neither the system nor the builtin libpng (although GTK itself still uses it).

  • --without-libjpeg \n Disables JPEG image format code. Don't use libjpeg.

  • --without-libtiff \n Disables TIFF image format code. Don't use libtiff.

  • --without-expat \n Disable XML classes based on Expat parser. Don't use expat library.

  • --without-liblzma \n Disable LZMA compression support. Don't use liblzma.

  • --without-libcurl \n Don't use libcurl even if it's available. Disables wxWebRequest.

  • --without-opengl \n Disable OpenGL integration with wxGLCanvas. Don't use OpenGL or EGL libraries.

  • --disable-glcanvasegl \n Disable EGL support even if it is available (it would be used if it is, by default).

  • --disable-mediactrl \n Disable wxMediaCtrl. Don't use GStreamer libraries.

  • --disable-webview \n Disable wxWebView. Don't use webkit2gtk and its multiple dependencies.

Normally, you won't have to choose a toolkit, because configure defaults to wxGTK anyhow. However you need to use this option to explicitly specify the version of GTK to use, e.g.:

  • --with-gtk=3 \n Use GTK 3. Default.
  • --with-gtk=2 \n Use GTK 2.
  • --with-gtk=1 \n Use GTK 1.2. Obsolete.

Some other general compilation options:

  • --disable-optimise \n Do not optimise the code. Can be useful for debugging but shouldn't be used for production builds.

  • --enable-no_rtti \n Enable compilation without creation of C++ RTTI information in object files. This will speed-up compilation and reduce binary size.

  • --enable-no_exceptions \n Enable compilation without creation of C++ exception information in object files. This will speed-up compilation and reduce binary size.

  • --enable-debug_info \n Add debug info to object files and executables for use with debuggers such as gdb (or its many frontends).

  • --enable-debug_flag \n Enable internal debugging checks, that are very useful during development and allow to diagnose illegal parameters to wxWidgets functions as long as the application doesn't predefine NDEBUG (see @ref overview_debugging).

  • --enable-debug \n Same as --enable-debug_info and --enable-debug_flag together. Typically this is the option you want to use.

To reduce the final libraries (or executables, when linking statically) size, many wxWidgets features may be disabled. Here is a list of some of them:

  • --disable-pnm \n Disables PNM image format code.

  • --disable-gif \n Disables GIF image format code.

  • --disable-pcx \n Disables PCX image format code.

  • --disable-iff \n Disables IFF image format code.

  • --disable-resources \n Disables the use of *.wxr type resources.

  • --disable-threads \n Disables threads. Will also disable sockets.

  • --disable-sockets \n Disables sockets.

  • --disable-dnd \n Disables Drag'n'Drop.

  • --disable-clipboard \n Disables Clipboard.

  • --disable-streams \n Disables the wxStream classes.

  • --disable-file \n Disables the wxFile class.

  • --disable-textfile \n Disables the wxTextFile class.

  • --disable-intl \n Disables the internationalisation.

  • --disable-validators \n Disables validators.

Please remember that the full list of options can be seen in configure --help output.

Building the libraries {#gtk_compling}

After running configure, just run make from the same directory. Building can take some time and it's strongly recommended to use --jobs option with GNU make, e.g. make -j8 if you have 8 logical CPU cores.

Then you may install the library and its header files under /usr/local/include/wx and /usr/local/lib respectively. You have to perform the following command as root, using either su or sudo:

$ make install

After installing, you can run make clean in the original directory or just remove it entirely if you don't plan to build wxWidgets again in the near future.

Note that installing the library is not required and it can also be used from the build directory by simply specifying the full path to wx-config script located in it when building your application.

Building your project {#gtk_new_project}

You need to use the compilation flags returned by wx-config --cxxflags and linking flags returned by wx-config --libs, which may be combined into a single invocation:

    g++ myfoo.cpp `wx-config --cxxflags --libs` -o myfoo

A simple makefile for a program using wxWidgets could be written in the following way (note that if you are copying and pasting this into your makefile, the leading spaces must be replaced by a TAB character):

program: program.o
    $(CXX) -o program program.o `wx-config --libs`

program.o: program.cpp
    $(CXX) `wx-config --cxxflags` -c program.cpp -o program.o

clean:
    $(RM) program.o program
.PHONY: clean

If your application uses only some of wxWidgets libraries, you can specify required libraries when running wx-config. For example, wx-config --libs=html,core will only output link command to link with libraries required by core GUI classes and wxHTML classes. See the manual for more information on the libraries.