subShape  _{^{composable shapes for cohesive code}}

one shape can do them all; one shape defined them

subShape provides primitives and patterns for crafting composable shapes featuring cohesive typing, validation, serialization, and reflection.

Setup

Deno

import * as $ from "https://deno.land/x/subshape/mod.ts"

Node

npm install subshape

import * as $ from "subshape"

Demo

Craft a Composable Shape

import * as $ from "https://deno.land/x/subshape/mod.ts"

const $superhero = $.object(
  $.field("pseudonym", $.str),
  $.optionalField("secretIdentity", $.str),
  $.field("superpowers", $.array($.str)),
)

And Get...

Typing

type Superhero = $.Output<typeof $superhero>
// type Superhero = {
//   pseudonym: string;
//   secretIdentity?: string | undefined;
//   superpowers: string[];
// }

Validation

const spiderMan = {
  pseudonym: "Spider-Man",
  secretIdentity: "Peter Parker",
  superpowers: ["does whatever a spider can"],
}

$.assert($superhero, spiderMan) // ok!

const bob = {
  pseudonym: "Bob",
  secretIdentity: "Robert",
  superpowers: null,
}

$.assert($superhero, bob) // ShapeAssertError: !(value.superpowers instanceof Array)

Serialization

const encoded = $superhero.encode(spiderMan)
// encoded: Uint8Array

const decoded = $superhero.decode(encoded)
// decoded: Superhero

console.log(decoded)
// Prints:
//   {
//     pseudonym: "Spider-Man",
//     secretIdentity: "Peter Parker",
//     superpowers: [ "does whatever a spider can" ]
//   }

Reflection

$superhero.metadata // Metadata<Superhero>

console.log($superhero)
// Prints:
//   $.object(
//     $.field("pseudonym", $.str),
//     $.optionalField("secretIdentity", $.str),
//     $.field("superpowers", $.array($.str))
//   )

Examples

Further examples can be found in the examples directory.

Shape Naming Convention

This library adopts a convention of denoting shapes with a $ – $.foo for built-in shapes, and $foo for user-defined shapes. This makes shapes easily distinguishable from other values, and makes it easier to have shapes in scope with other variables:

interface Person { ... }
const $person = $.object(...)
const person = { ... }

Here, the type, shape, and a value can all coexist without clashing, without having to resort to wordy workarounds like personShape.

The main other library this could possibly clash with is jQuery, and its usage has waned enough that this is not a serious problem.

While we recommend following this convention for consistency, you can, of course, adopt an alternative convention if the $ is problematic – $.foo can easily become s.foo or subshape.foo with an alternate import name.

Asynchronous Encoding

Some shapes require asynchronous encoding. Calling .encode() on a shape will throw if it or another shape it calls is asynchronous. In this case, you must call .encodeAsync() instead, which returns a Promise<Uint8Array>. You can call .encodeAsync() on any shape; if it is a synchronous shape, it will simply resolve immediately.

Asynchronous decoding is not supported.

Custom Shapes

If your encoding/decoding logic is more complicated, you can create custom shapes with createShape:

const $foo = $.createShape<Foo>({
  metadata: $.metadata("$foo"),

  // A static estimation of the encoded size, in bytes.
  // This can be either an under- or over- estimate.
  staticSize: 123,
  subEncode(buffer, value) {
    // Encode `value` into `buffer.array`, starting at `buffer.index`.
    // A `DataView` is also supplied as `buffer.view`.
    // At first, you may only write at most as many bytes as `staticSize`.
    // After you write bytes, you must update `buffer.index` to be the first unwritten byte.

    // If you need to write more bytes, call `buffer.pushAlloc(size)`.
    // If you do this, you can then write at most `size` bytes,
    // and then you must call `buffer.popAlloc()`.

    // You can also call `buffer.insertArray()` to insert an array without consuming any bytes.

    // You can delegate to another shape by calling `$bar.subEncode(buffer, bar)`.
    // Before doing so, you must ensure that `$bar.staticSize` bytes are free,
    // either by including it in `staticSize` or by calling `buffer.pushAlloc()`.
    // Note that you should use `subEncode` and not `encode`.

    // See the `EncodeBuffer` class for information on other methods.

    // ...
  },

  subDecode(buffer) {
    // Decode `value` from `buffer.array`, starting at `buffer.index`.
    // A `DataView` is also supplied as `buffer.view`.
    // After you read bytes, you must update `buffer.index` to be the first unread byte.

    // You can delegate to another shape by calling `$bar.subDecode(buffer)`.
    // Note that you should use `subDecode` and not `decode`.

    // ...
    return value
  },

  subAssert(assert) {
    // Validate that `assert.value` is valid for this shape.
    // `assert` exposes various utility methods, such as `assert.instanceof`.
    // See the `AssertState` class for information on other methods.

    // You can delegate to another shape by calling `$bar.subAssert(assert)` or `$bar.subAssert(assert.access("key"))`.
    // Any errors thrown should be an instance of `$.ShapeAssertError`, and should use `assert.path`.

    // ...
  },
})