Add Orleans.Serialization library as a high-fidelity, version-tolerant serializer

[ReubenBond]

This PR integrates a new version-tolerant serializer and RPC primitives into Orleans. For more context, and prior discussion, please see #2653 and https://github.com/ReubenBond/Hagar.

The serializer implemented in this PR requires that developers annotate their types with an attribute on the type and an attribute on each serialized field/property. There is an included code analyzer to ease the process, generating the per-data-member attributes. Here is an example of an annotated type:

[GenerateSerializer]
public class ClassWithEnumTestData
{
    [Id(0)]
    public TestEnum EnumValue { get; set; }

    [Id(1)]
    public CampaignEnemyTestType Enemy { get; set; }
}

The wire format takes inspiration from Bond, and Protocol Buffers, but adds support for nominal types and references, which would otherwise need to be encoded on top of the base protocol. This is the primary reason for its existence, since it is believed that this greatly improves the experience for .NET developers, giving them substantially more freedom when designing their applications and modelling their data.

Developers can configure the system to use Newtonsoft.Json or another package as the serializer for their types instead, similarly to how IExternalSerializer works today. Unlike the existing serializer, even data serialized by external serializers must conform to a basic wire format (typically, by emitting a length-prefixed sequence).

Deep copiers are decoupled from serializers, which is an issue with the existing system: developers often do not want to replace copiers when replacing serializers.

Previously unserializable/undeserializable Exceptions can be serialized with a decent degree of fidelity using this serializer, so that the receiver can see the exception type, message, stack trace, and other core properties even if the concrete exception type is not available. If the concrete exception type is not available, then the properties are deserialized into a special-purpose UnavailableExceptionFallbackException object.

A new NuGet package, named Orleans.Sdk, takes the place of installing multiple NuGet packages on grain interface/flass/

Application Parts are removed entirely: the code generator package generates attributes which serve the purpose of Application Parts in identifying the closure of assemblies which contain types that Orleans must know about. There is still a way to remove grain classes & interfaces programmatically, by configuring GrainTypeOptions, which has a Classes and an Interfaces property. Assemblies can also be manually included in the closure by adding an assembly-level attribute to the main assembly.

While Orleans serialization is not intended for use between untrusted parties, this serializer greatly improves security aspects of serialization in a variety of ways:

• Only known types are allowed to be serialized - types are disabled by default. Types which are annotated are allowed to be deserialized, and predicates for which types are allowed can be specified at configuration time.
• Length fields are validated to prevent an attacker to force the deserializing party to pre-allocate a buffer which is larger than the payload.

The serializer is also much faster than the existing serializer, making use of hardware intrinsics where available, and avoiding unnecessary allocations.

RPC

Serialization and RPC are closely related. A large component of RPC is the serialization of method calls for later deserialization and invocation. This PR also includes new RPC primitives, which replace both InvokeMethodRequest and generated IGrainMethodInvoker implementations with generated IInvokable classes (two become one). There is one generated IInvokable class for each method on each grain interface. Generated GrainReference classes change minorly to make use of the new generated IInvokable classes.

The RPC supports efficient serialization of method arguments, avoiding most or all unnecessary allocations and avoiding unnecessary type information

As a part of a concerted effort to reduce unnecessary overheads, the RPC is customizable enough to allow us to implement Orleans.Transactions entirely outside of the core libraries, and this PR also includes that change. This means that non-transactional calls avoid checking for transaction contexts or requirements. It hopefully also means that we can support more experimentation in the future without requiring forking the codebase.

---

TODOs for this PR:

• Implement renaming tolerance for RPC invokable types

Areas for future investigation/improvements:

• Move existing SerializationManager and related types to a new package (Microsoft.Orleans.Serialization.Legacy)
• Analyzer: allow customization of the serializer attributes through build time properties, just as the code generator does
• Add in-place copying optimization for RPC types, supporting [Immutable] on parameters and return values (via [return: Immutable])
• Explore emitting a separate, diffable database of types included in an application, so that annotations can be removed from code. This may end up being too 'magic' to be worthwhile, but we won't know for sure unless we explore it.

Fixes #2653
Fixes #5021

[haefele]

Hey, I know I'm not a contributor to this project, I just saw your tweet and thought: Gotta check this thing out!

So I noticed that you still have some Hagar leftovers in your filenames.

[ReubenBond]

Thanks, @haefele, I'll fix them

[galvesribeiro]

LGTM! Awesome! Looking forward to use it

[galvesribeiro]

I think I made a wrong copy and paste here and kept the azureQueueMessages on this field o.O

[galvesribeiro]

I guess we should rename those fields to avoid confusion with the old SerializationManager

[ReubenBond]

True, I'll run a find & replace. I also want to migrate to the more common .NET naming scheme and prefix all field names with underscores - in a later PR. Now that we have version tolerant serialization, we know that renaming fields wont break anything.

[galvesribeiro]

Yeah, That was a major drama recently...