Extend the date rounding logic to be conditional (#89693)

[pgomulka]

Date rounding logic should take into account the fields that will be
parsed be a parser. If a parser has a DayOfYear field, the rounding logic
should not try to default DayOfMonth as it will conflict with DayOfYear

However the DateTimeFormatter does not have a public method to return
information of fields that will be parsed. The hacky workaround is
to rely on toString() implementation that will return a field info when
it was defined with textual pattern.

This commits introduced conditional logic for DayOfYear, ClockHourOfAMPM and HourOfAmPM

closes #89096
closes #58986
backports #89693

• Have you signed the contributor license agreement?
• Have you followed the contributor guidelines?
• If submitting code, have you built your formula locally prior to submission with gradle check?
• If submitting code, is your pull request against main? Unless there is a good reason otherwise, we prefer pull requests against main and will backport as needed.
• If submitting code, have you checked that your submission is for an OS and architecture that we support?
• If you are submitting this code for a class then read our policy for that.