koinos

A PHP library and composer package for working with:

• Biblical references in texts and databases, and
• Classical and Koine Greek text in Unicode.

Κοινός means 'common' in Ancient Greek. This package contains a number of reusable services and utilities from the Hexapla project.

Installation

You will need PHP >=5.4 and phpunit >=4.0.

In composer.json:

"require": {
    "eukras/koinos": "~1.1"
}

Tests

The tests are the best documentation for developers.

composer dump-autoload   # updates /vendor for autoloading; see .gitignore
phpunit -c tests

Library data files

./src/Resources/library/lxx/books.csv
./src/Resources/library/nt/books.csv

In each file the CSV lines specify id, library-name, name, short-name, handle, reference-depth, aliases, total-chapters.

• Handles are the short names used in URIs, e.g. Romans 1 has handle rom+1.
• Normal books like 1 Corinthians are reference depth 2 (chapter:verse), but single-chapter books like Philemon are identified by verse only, so have a reference depth of 1.

...
107,NT,1 Corinthians,1 Cor,1cor,2,1co,16
...
118,NT,Philemon,Phm,phm,1,phl/philem,1
...

Service\ReferenceManager and Utility\Reference

The ReferenceManager is use to construct, manipulate and format References.

./src/Utility/Reference.php
./src/Service/ReferenceManager.php
./tests/Utility/Reference.php
./tests/Service/ReferenceManager.php

Examples

Initialise the ReferenceManager as follows:

use Koinos\Service\ReferenceManager;
$rm = new ReferenceManager($libraries=['nt', 'lxx']);

Libraries are easy to create: just add Resources/library/$library/books.csv (see above), and pass $library as a constructor argument.

The ReferenceManager handles most Reference operations.

$mattId = $rm->matchBookName('matt');  //  returns (int)101, say.
$matt28 = $rm->createReferenceFromBookAndChapter($mattId, 28); 

$matt28 is now a Reference object.

$mark1 = $rm->getNextChapterReference($matt28); 

echo $rm->getShortTitle($matt28);  //  Matt 28
echo $rm->getHandle($matt28);      //  matt+28

You will normally want to work with complex human-readable reference strings:

$ref1 = $rm->createReferenceFromQuery('1 Cor 16:1-5,8,10-12,13-14');
$ref2 = $rm->createReferenceFromQuery('1cor+16.1-4,5,8,10-14');

In this example $ref1 generates identically to $ref2. Adjacent verse ranges are combined together into a standard reference. Koinos does not know or care how many verses are in a given chapter, though; internally, full-chapter links are treated as Book 1:1-999.

echo $rm->getTitle($ref1);  //  1 Corinthians 16:1-5,8,10-14 
echo $rm->getTitle($ref2);  //  1 Corinthians 16:1-5,8,10-14

$ref1->equals($ref2);       //  true
$ref1->contains($ref2);     //  true

All this together allows HTML links to be generated easily, though in a framework you would most likely plug $rm->getHandle($ref) into a route.

echo $rm->getLink($matt28, $uriPrefix='/r/');

Being able to generate links allows them to be auto-replaced in text:

$linkedHtml = $rm->linkReferencesInHtml($textContainingReferences, '/r/'); 

The scanner for matching links in text will identify if they exist in parallels, that is, if references are separated by a pipe character, e.g. "The Psalms Ps 14 | Ps 53 are the same." See the test suite for examples.

Utility\Reference Internals

Internal working is done with quadruples of [book, section, chapter, verse]; In $ref1, 1cor is book #107, and has two-level referencing (c:v), so the section number is always 1. Every quadruple becomes an UNSIGNED INT(12) for SQL (see below).

Query	Quadruple	Index
1 Cor 16:1	[107, 1, 16, 1]	107001016001

This makes it easy to efficiently index and match references and ranges:

echo $ref1->getSqlClause($columnName='reference'); 

//  (reference BETWEEN 107001016001 AND 107001016005) OR 
//  (reference BETWEEN 107001016008 AND 107001016008) OR 
//  (reference BETWEEN 107001016010 AND 107001016014)  

echo $ref1->getSqlRangeClause($startColumn='rangeBegins', $endColumn='rangeEnds'); 

//  (rangeEnds >= 107001016001 AND rangeBegins <= 107001016005) OR 
//  (rangeEnds >= 107001016008 AND rangeBegins <= 107001016008) OR 
//  (rangeEnds >= 107001016010 AND rangeBegins <= 107001016014)  

The only gotcha is that, in PHP, these numbers must be treated as a strings, or cast to (double): 12 digits exceed PHP's integer length. References are usually manipulated as quadruples though, which are regular integers 1-999.

Utility\Greek

The Greek utility performs simple manipulation and scanning of Greek text:

./src/Utility/Greek.php
./tests/Utility/Greek.php 

Initialise without arguments:

use Koinos\Utility\Greek;  //  see composer.json
$g = new Greek;

This performs romanization, and offers some Unicode convenience wrappers.

echo $g->romanize('Ῥύγχος');   //  Rhunchos
echo $g->romanize('Ἡσυχάζω');  //  Hēsuchazō
echo $g->romanize('Αὑτοῖσι');  //  Hautoisi

echo $g->length('ᾁ');          //  1
echo $g->lowercase('Α');       //  α
echo $g->unicodeChr('1f0c');   //  Ἄ

Here's how it would be used to scan the structure of Psalm 116 (LXX) -- in Hexapla this is used to save texts word-by-word into a database.

$ps116 = "1 αλληλουια.

αἰνεῖτε τὸν κύριον πάντα τὰ ἔθνη. ἐπαινέσατε αὐτόν πάντες οἱ λαοί.

2 ὅτι ἐκραταιώθη τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ [ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς] καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ κυρίου
μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.

Τί εἰς τέλος;";

For each word, let's grab its book/chapter/verse numbers (BCV), then paragraph/sentence/word numbers (PSW), and then any leading or trailing punctuation. (Psalms are book 227.)

$structure = $g->getStructure($ps116, 227, 116);

//    b    c    v  p  s   w  prefix  word      suffix

[   [ 227, 116, 1, 1, 1,  1, '', 'αλληλουια',  '.' ],
    [ 227, 116, 1, 2, 1,  1, '', 'αἰνεῖτε',    ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 1, 2, 1,  2, '', 'τὸν',        ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 1, 2, 1,  3, '', 'κύριον',     ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 1, 2, 1,  4, '', 'πάντα',      ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 1, 2, 1,  5, '', 'τὰ',         ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 1, 2, 1,  6, '', 'ἔθνη',       '.' ],
    [ 227, 116, 1, 2, 2,  1, '', 'ἐπαινέσατε', ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 1, 2, 2,  2, '', 'αὐτόν',      ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 1, 2, 2,  3, '', 'πάντες',     ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 1, 2, 2,  4, '', 'οἱ',         ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 1, 2, 2,  5, '', 'λαοί',       '.' ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1,  1, '', 'ὅτι',        ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1,  2, '', 'ἐκραταιώθη', ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1,  3, '', 'τὸ',         ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1,  4, '', 'ἔλεος',      ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1,  5, '', 'αὐτοῦ',      ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1,  6, '[','ἐφ’',        ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1,  7, '', 'ἡμᾶς',       ']' ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1,  8, '', 'καὶ',        ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1,  9, '', 'ἡ',          ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1, 10, '', 'ἀλήθεια',    ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1, 11, '', 'τοῦ',        ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1, 12, '', 'κυρίου',     ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1, 13, '', 'μένει',      ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1, 14, '', 'εἰς',        ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1, 15, '', 'τὸν',        ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 3, 1, 16, '', 'αἰῶνα',      '.' ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 4, 1,  1, '', 'Τί',         ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 4, 1,  2, '', 'εἰς',        ''  ],
    [ 227, 116, 2, 4, 1,  3, '', 'τέλος',      ';' ]   ];

See the class and Test suites for more.