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(_) | (_) (_) | A fresh approach to technical computing
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| | | | | | |/ _` | | http://julialang.org
| | |_| | | | (_| | | julia-dev@googlegroups.com
_/ |\__'_|_|_|\__'_| | #julia on freenode
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Julia is a high-level, high-performance dynamic language for technical computing. The main homepage for Julia can be found at julialang.org. This is the GitHub repository of Julia source code, including instructions for compiling and installing Julia, below.
- Homepage: http://julialang.org
- Mailing list: http://groups.google.com/group/julia-dev/
- IRC: http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=julia
- Source code: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia
- Git clone URL: git://github.com/JuliaLang/julia.git
- Documentation: http://julialang.org/manual/
- GNU/Linux: x86/64 (64-bit); x86 (32-bit).
- Darwin/OS X: x86/64 (64-bit); x86 (32-bit).
- FreeBSD: x86/64 (64-bit); x86 (32-bit).
First, acquire the source code by cloning the git repository:
git clone git://github.com/JuliaLang/julia.git
Next, enter the julia/ directory and run make to build the julia executable. To perform a parallel build, use make -j N and supply the maximum number of concurrent processes.
When compiled the first time, it will automatically download and build its external dependencies.
This takes a while, but only has to be done once.
Building julia requires 1.5GiB of diskspace and approximately 700MiB of virtual memory.
Note: the build process will not work if any of the build directory's parent directories have spaces in their names (this is due to a limitation in GNU make).
Once it is built, you can either run the julia executable using its full path in the directory created above, or add that directory to your executable path so that you can run the julia program from anywhere (in the current shell session):
In bash:
export PATH="$(pwd):$PATH"
In csh / tcsh:
set path= ( $path $cwd )
Now you should be able to run julia like this:
julia
If everything works correctly, you will see a Julia banner and an interactive prompt into which you can enter expressions for evaluation. You can read about getting started in the manual.
### Platform-Specific NotesGCC version 4.6 is the minimum required to build julia.
If the build fails trying to compile OpenBLAS, set OPENBLAS_TARGET_ARCH to BARCELONA on AMD, or NEHALEM on Intel CPUs in Make.inc and build again.
On some Linux distributions you may need to change how the readline library is linked. If you get a build error involving readline, try changing the value of USE_SYSTEM_READLINE in Make.inc to 1.
On Ubuntu systems, You may also need to install the package libncurses5-dev.
Download and install gfortran from hpc.sf.net, if necessary.
If you get link errors mentioning gfortran, it might help to put /usr/local/gfortran/lib at the beginning of the DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable.
Clang is now used by default to build julia on OS X (10.7 and above). Make sure to update to at least Xcode 4.3.3, and update to the latest command line tools from the Xcode preferences. This will ensure that clang v3.1 is installed, which is the minimum version of clang required to build julia.
Release 9.0: install the gcc46, git, and gmake packages/ports, and compile julia with the command:
$ gmake FC=gfortran46
You must use the gmake command on FreeBSD instead of make.
To use the Intel MKL BLAS & LAPACK libraries, edit the following settings in Make.inc:
USE_MKL = 1
MKLLIB = /path/to/mkl/lib/arch
MKLLIB points to the directory containing libmkl_rt.so. Requires v10.3 or greater.
To rebuild a pre-built Julia source install with MKL support, delete from deps/, the OpenBLAS, ARPACK, and SuiteSparse dependencies, then run make cleanall testall.
Building Julia requires that the following software be installed:
- GNU make — building dependencies.
- gcc, g++ — compiling and linking C, C++ (Need at least v4.6)
- clang — clang is the default compiler on OS X (Need at least v3.1, Xcode 4.3.3 on OS X)
- gfortran — compiling and linking fortran libraries
- git — contributions and version control.
- perl — preprocessing of header files of libraries.
- wget, curl, or fetch (FreeBSD) — to automatically download external libraries.
- m4 — needed to build GMP.
- patch — for modifying source code.
Julia uses the following external libraries, which are automatically downloaded (or in a few cases, included in the Julia source repository) and then compiled from source the first time you run make:
- LLVM — compiler infrastructure. Currently, julia requires LLVM 3.1.
- FemtoLisp — packaged with julia source, and used to implement the compiler front-end.
- readline — library allowing shell-like line editing in the terminal, with history and familiar key bindings.
- fdlibm — a portable implementation of much of the system-dependent libm math library's functionality.
- MT — a fast Mersenne Twister pseudorandom number generator library.
- OpenBLAS — a fast, open, and maintained basic linear algebra subprograms (BLAS) library, based on Kazushige Goto's famous GotoBLAS. The system provided BLAS and LAPACK are used on OS X.
- LAPACK — a library of linear algebra routines for solving systems of simultaneous linear equations, least-squares solutions of linear systems of equations, eigenvalue problems, and singular value problems.
- MKL (optional) – OpenBLAS & LAPACK may be replaced by Intel's MKL library.
- AMOS — subroutines for computing Bessel and Airy functions.
- SuiteSparse — a library of linear algebra routines for sparse matrices.
- ARPACK — a collection of subroutines designed to solve large, sparse eigenvalue problems.
- FFTW — library for computing fast Fourier transforms very quickly and efficiently.
- PCRE — Perl-compatible regular expressions library.
- GMP — the GNU multiple precision arithmetic library, needed for bigint support.
- D3 — JavaScript visualization library.
- double-conversion — efficient number-to-text conversion.
- GLPK — linear programming.
- Rmath — basic RNGs and distributions.
If you already have one or more of these packages installed on your system, it is possible to pass USE_SYSTEM_...=1 to make to prevent Julia from compiling duplicates of these libraries. The complete list of possible flags can be found in Make.inc (or pass USE_DEBIAN=1 to make if you have all build dependencies and want the minimal Julia build). Please be aware that this proceedure is not officially supported, as it introduces additional variablity into the installation and versioning of the dependencies, and is recommended only for system package maintainers. Unexpected compile errors may result, as the build system will do no further checking to ensure the proper packages are installed.
SuiteSparse is a special case, since it is typically only installed as a static library, while USE_SYSTEM_SUITESPARSE=1 requires that it is a shared library. Running the script contrib/repackage_system_suitesparse4.make will copy your static system SuiteSparse installation into the shared library format required by Julia.
base/ source code for Julia's standard library
contrib/ emacs, vim and textmate support for Julia
deps/ external dependencies
examples/ example Julia programs
extras/ useful optional libraries
lib/ shared libraries loaded by Julia's standard libraries
src/ source for Julia language core
test/ unit and functional test cases
ui/ source for various front ends
Because of the rapid pace of development at this point, we recommend installing the latest Julia from source, but platform-specific tarballs with pre-compiled binaries are also available for download. To install from source, download the appropriate tarball and untar it somewhere. For example, if you are on an OS X (Darwin) x86/64 system, do the following:
wget https://github.com/downloads/JuliaLang/julia/julia-c4865bd18d-Darwin-i386.tar.gz
tar zxvf julia-c4865bd18d-Darwin-i386.tar.gz
You can either run the julia executable using its full path in the directory created above, or add that directory to your executable path so that you can run the julia program from anywhere (in the current shell session):
export PATH="$(pwd)/julia:$PATH"
Now you should be able to run julia like this:
julia
If everything works correctly, you will see a Julia banner and an interactive prompt into which you can enter expressions for evaluation. You can read about getting started in the manual.
An Arch Linux package is also available.
## Editor & Terminal SetupCurrently, julia editing mode support is available for Emacs, Vim, and Textmate.
Adjusting your terminal bindings is optional; everything will work fine without these key bindings.
For the best interactive session experience, however, make sure that your terminal emulator (Terminal, iTerm, xterm, etc.) sends the ^H sequence for Backspace (delete key) and that the Shift-Enter key combination sends a \n newline character to distinguish it from just pressing Enter, which sends a \r carriage return character.
These bindings allow custom readline handlers to trap and correctly deal with these key sequences; other programs will continue behave normally with these bindings.
The first binding makes backspacing through text in the interactive session behave more intuitively.
The second binding allows Shift-Enter to insert a newline without evaluating the current expression, even when the current expression is complete.
(Pressing an unmodified Enter inserts a newline if the current expression is incomplete, evaluates the expression if it is complete, or shows an error if the syntax is irrecoverably invalid.)
On Linux systems, the Shift-Enter binding can be set by placing the following line in the file .xmodmaprc in your home directory:
keysym Return = Return Linefeed
Julia has a web REPL with very preliminary graphics capabilities. The web REPL is currently a showcase to try out new ideas. The web REPL is social - multiple people signing in with a common session name can collaborate within a session.
- Do
make -C deps install-lighttpdto download and build the webserver. - Start the web REPL service with
./usr/bin/launch-julia-webserver. - Point your browser to
http://localhost:2000/. - Try
plot(cumsum(randn(1000)))and other things.
Forio.com is generously hosting and maintaining an instance of Julia's web REPL here: julia.forio.com. This service is best-effort and may not always be up or stable. Be nice!