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Generalise discussion of Python.
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You happy with this @jannes-m ?
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Robinlovelace committed Oct 21, 2017
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The major advantage of Python that it is a multi-purpose language.
It brings together people from diverse fields, explaining its larger user base compared with R's.
Python's status as a *general purpose* language that bridges many divides in software development has led it to become the 'glue' that holds many GIS programs together.
In fact, we often advise our students to start with Python just because the major GIS software packages provide Python libraries that lets the user access its geoalgorithms from the Python command line^[`grass.script` for GRASS (https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_and_Python), `saga-python` for SAGA-GIS (http://saga-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), `processing` for QGIS and `arcpy` for ArcGIS.
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However, when the teaching moves on to statistical geoprocessing and spatial predictive modeling we guide them towards R where they can take advantage of the concepts already learned through Python.
Nevertheless, you can also use Python for the most common statistical learning techniques (though R tends to be more on the bleeding edge regarding new statistical development including those in the spatial statistical community).
In addition, Python also offers excellent support for spatial data analysis and manipulation (see packages **osgeo**, **Shapely**, **NumPy**, **PyGeoProcessing**).
We refer you to @garrard_geoprocessing_2016 for an introduction to geoprocessing with Python.
Many spatial algorithms, including those in QGIS and ArcMap, can be accessed from the Python command line, making it well-suited as a starter language for command-line GIS.^[Python modules providing access to spatial algoriths include `grass.script` for GRASS (https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_and_Python), `saga-python` for SAGA-GIS (http://saga-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), `processing` for QGIS and `arcpy` for ArcGIS.
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For spatial statistics and predictive modeling, however, R is second-to-none.
This does not mean you must chose either R or Python: Python supports most common statistical techniques (though R tends to support new developments in spatial statistics earlier) and many concepts learned from Python can be applied to the R world.
Like R Python also supports spatial data analysis and manipulation with packages such as **osgeo**, **Shapely**, **NumPy**, **PyGeoProcessing** [@garrard_geoprocessing_2016].

## R's spatial ecosystem

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2 comments on commit 4a0981d

@jannes-m
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Ok, thanks!

@Robinlovelace
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Great thanks. I thought I was risking making it too concise and simple. Want to avoid dumbing down complex issues so if at any point the prose does this let us know!

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