[3.x] Update Android dependencies for the project

[m4gr3d]

Manual cherry-pick from #87346, #83515, #84674 and #86383 to the 3.x branch.

• Update Java version from 11 to 17
  • Introduce an editor setting to allow users the ability to specify the path to the Java SDK used for the Android gradle build. At build time, a gradle task validates the java version and prints out an error if it doesn't match the target version

• Update Android gradle plugin version from 7.2.1 to 8.2.0
• Update gradle version from 7.4.2 to 8.2
• Update target SDK from 33 to 34
• Update build tools version from 33.0.2 to 34.0.0
• Update kotlin version from 1.7.0 to 1.9.20
• Update Android fragment version from 1.3.6 to 1.6.2
• Update AndroidX window version from 1.0.0 to 1.2.0
• Update Nexus plugin version from 1.1.0 to 1.3.0

Fixes #87072 for the 3.x branch

Notes:

• The ndk version was not updated since the new AGP and gradle versions still support the version we use.
• WARNING:The option setting 'android.enableResourceOptimizations=false' is deprecated. #53749 is still a valid issue as the deprecation for android.enableResourceOptimizations was pushed to AGP version 9+. I have a few ideas for how to deal with this when it's fully deprecated but this will require follow-up discussions.

[lawnjelly]

Looks fine to me but I am far from Android expert. 👍
Still draft so expecting more work on it, will leave for Akien to do his own review.

[m4gr3d]

I performed a similar round of testing as for #86383, and didn't uncover any regressions.
Additional testing is welcomed, but from my point of view, this looks good to go!

[lawnjelly]

Leaving @akien-mga to do final check.

[akien-mga]

Looks great!

[akien-mga]

Thanks!