proposal: cmd/go: secure releases with transparency log #25530
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rsc
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bcmills
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Not sure what the difference is between this issue and #24117. |
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#24117 is about a system-wide go.sum (which might be made superfluous by this). |
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Got it. I retitled #24117 to avoid the confusion. |
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Change https://golang.org/cl/165018 mentions this issue: |
See https://golang.org/design/25530-notary. For golang/go#25530. Change-Id: I1b4add8fe1c2f6911e925bafab99eb7418aa67b4 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/proposal/+/165018 Run-TryBot: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org> Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
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Published formal proposal: https://golang.org/design/25530-notary. |
rsc
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Hi @mkonda, 1 and 3 are indeed open issues. They are thankfully orthogonal to what the checksum database solves, so we can tackle them separately. (Making sure the content is authentic, vs making sure it's "secure".) On 2, I don't really believe we can get widespread adoption of authentication beyond the code host. Even if we made every author sign their releases (which is unrealistic for a number of reasons), they will most likely just sign what's in their repository, effectively delegating that trust. It is important though that we prevent proxies and attackers from publishing versions unbeknownst to the author, and the checksum database log helps greatly with that: any third-party auditor can offer a service to notify owners of new releases in their repositories, and I hope we will see many kinds of that service. That, combined with |
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I realize I am late to complain, but while I understand the need for veryfing the integrity of go modules, what this proposal amounts to is using a single central server by default, creating a single point of failure. Furthermore, if GOPROXY and GOSUMDB are set by default to central Google servers, then not only people in countries such as China, but people al over the world behind firewalls, such as restrictive corporate firewalls, will experience difficulties in using Go. All these people will be forced to use a custom go proxy with support for sumdb. It doesn't make for a great user experience that the first thing a Go users should do when they start using the language is that they have to configure a proxy and a sum DB. See #31755 for a related discussion. In I'd like to ask if there no other way that checking the module checksums could be more decentralized, and give a better user experience for firewalled users? |
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The design goal is to make sure everyone agrees on the same contents for the same version, so a degree of centralization is necessary. The point of the transparency log is to ensure that the log is not a single point of failure: compromising it is not enough because it will lead to detection by the auditors. The checksum db is also designed to allow for decentralized proxies. As you mentioned, anyone that can reach any untrusted proxy can successfully use the sumdb. (This also makes the sumdb not a single point of failure for read availability.) If you want to discuss the defaults, please use #31755. The sumdb design can support any conclusion that that issue comes to. (As an example, consider a "blockchain", that you might think of as more decentralized. You still have to talk to nodes somehow. If you have a way to talk to a node, you can also speak the proxy protocol with them as-is, and reach the sumdb through that.) |
To quote the “Releasing Modules (All Version)” section of the Go Modules
wiki page [1]:
Ensure your go.sum file is committed along with your go.mod file.
See FAQ below [2] for more details and rationale.
And the “Should I commit my 'go.sum' file as well as my 'go.mod' file?”
section from the same page [2]:
Typically your module's go.sum file should be committed along with your
go.mod file.
- go.sum contains the expected cryptographic checksums of the
content of specific module versions.
- If someone clones your repository and downloads your
dependencies using the go command, they will receive an error if
there is any mismatch between their downloaded copies of your
dependencies and the corresponding entries in your go.sum.
- In addition, go mod verify checks that the on-disk cached copies
of module downloads still match the entries in go.sum.
- Note that go.sum is not a lock file as used in some alternative
dependency management systems. (go.mod provides enough
information for reproducible builds).
- See very brief rationale here [3] from Filippo Valsorda on why
you should check in your go.sum. See the "Module downloading and
verification" [4] section of the tip documentation for more
details. See possible future extensions being discussed for
example in golang/go#24117 and golang/go#25530.”
[1] https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules#releasing-modules-all-versions
[2] https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules#should-i-commit-my-gosum-file-as-well-as-my-gomod-file
[3] https://twitter.com/FiloSottile/status/1029404663358087173
[4] https://tip.golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-Module_downloading_and_verification
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I'm going to send a CL that enables both the Go checksum database and the Go module mirror by default in module mode. There remain issues to resolve with this proposal, so we cannot turn the checksum database on for all users. However, now that we are not enabling modules for all users, it seems reasonable to enable the checksum database for module users, so that we can more precisely understand the exact problems and develop solutions. People who aren't ready to move to modules yet will not be affected by enabling the checksum database, and modules users having particular trouble with the checksum database can turn it off for the specific modules ( If there are any show-stopper issues that we can't address before Go 1.13 is released, we will back out the change. But we need to understand better what the issues are, especially the as-yet-unknown ones. Thanks. |
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Change https://golang.org/cl/178179 mentions this issue: |
…olang.org This CL changes the default module download and module verification mechanisms to use the Go module mirror and Go checksum database run by Google. See https://proxy.golang.org/privacy for the services' privacy policy. (Today, that URL is a redirect to Google's standard privacy policy, which covers these services as well. If we publish a more specific privacy policy just for these services, that URL will be updated to display or redirect to it.) See 'go help modules' and 'go help modules-auth' for details (added in this CL). To disable the mirror and checksum database for non-public modules: go env -w GONOPROXY=*.private.net,your.com/* go env -w GONOSUMDB=*.private.net,your.com/* (If you are using a private module proxy then you'd only do the second.) If you run into problems with the behavior of the go command when using the Go module mirror or the Go checksum database, please file issues at https://golang.org/issue/new, so that we can address them for the Go 1.13 release. For #25530. This CL also documents GONOPROXY. Fixes #32056. Change-Id: I2fde82e071742272b0842efd9580df1a56947fec Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/178179 Run-TryBot: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org> TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org> Reviewed-by: Bryan C. Mills <bcmills@google.com>
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Editorial comments about the document... The use of a transparent log for module hashes aligns with a broader trend of using transparent logs needs elaboration or a link (https://github.com/google/trillian) There are two main privacy concerns: exposing the text of private modules paths to the database, and The complete solution for not exposing either private module path text or public module usage Privacy in CI/CD Systems |
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I'm (maybe stupidly) unable to grasp one of the core design issues in this design. The services claimed as valuable and necessary are about doing a lookup to validate a pending action ("about to do this and want to know data to use in verification") or about the past-tense version of the same. It seems important to me that In both cases the client (go get, et al) start by knowing something that may be a secret (the import path and version number) which is the key to obtain the not-a-secret value of the checksum. Because of privacy, non-public code, likely misconfiguration, etc., it seems that the sometimes secret info is the last thing you'd want to use as the public key. I read the part about possibly using "Private Module SHA256s" but that seemed to miss the point by focusing on the reverse mapping table and first-time publication issues. Here is what I don't understand--why does the database ever need the "clear text" import path and version number? Why must it ever be sent anywhere? It is only useful in that form (I think) to go get on the client side. Instead, have go get et al create a hashed/encrypted by path/version token, locally, that has strong one-way attributes and use that as the query key, store that in databases, etc. In such a world the module checksum responses are just as easy to supply, are totally "transparent" on the data to be secured side (the checksum) and totally opaque on the other (machine names, import paths, versions, timestamps, traffic analysis, etc.) It sidesteps completely the issue of private data...which will be harmlessly useless to all. What have I overlooked here? |
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Following up...because I forgot that this is not "lunch in Charlie's" and it is my duty to explain all the implications: Yes, my proposal is about an opaque 256-bit one-way cryptographic hash of the query string (the go get info: path+version, perhaps hashed atop the hash of the module source in the Merkle-Damgard sense.)... ...and a transparent-but-otherwise meaningless 256-bit one-way cryptographic hash of the module source -- the existing answer to database queries. This leads to an exactly 512-bit per record database that would be remarkably simple to maintain and serve, with any complexity being the existing dance around security-through-federation. (Which is nice!) The result is a public database with properties beyond "encryption at rest" -- not one byte of this database tells you anything that can be used from the database end to know about module paths, machine/url paths, developer identity, etc. It is, in this way, a giant mystery and thus provably safe in any privacy sense no matter how it is configured or maintained, nothing can leak because nothing is there to leak. Yet, when used the other way, it is fully supportive. go get or other tools want to know about an importable module: they internalize the request path+version, and query with that key. They get back the hash value for the module just as now. What is lost, you might presume, is the joy of voyeuristically looking at database keys to build a network map of the Land of Go, and G-tools leveraging that map to monitor, report, and assist in various open-ended activities. Nothing in the rationale seems to argue for this map and its conceptual buildability from query strings shows the leaky nature of the present design. If it is not needed, then maybe it is not wanted. However (this is the new part that I thought would be clear without mention but now I'm thinking that thinking is not in the spirit of distributed discussions) it happens to be true that a better map of the Land of Go is buildable in my opaque-key design. What is needed is a tool or company that knows how to crawl the public web looking for openly shared .go,.mod,... files and then download the import path and version strings from those. These can easily be interned to opaque keys and requests made to the database. When a key is present, then so is the version's hash. all of this--the three tuple of provably-shared-source path&version, the resulting key, and the stored hash--are then united for building the Land of Go tooling. This way, the map if desired, is never built from private code because that code is not shared on the web. So provenance is provable. Security is implicit. Misconfiguration can't hurt. That's what I meant. |
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The reason module names need to be available in plaintext in the database is for auditing purposes. A transparent log is only useful if it is scrutinized and held accountable, and to perform a number of checks the auditors need to know what the module names are. An example: we will want a notification service that can email me for any new module like Also, the search space is not that wide so hashes can be reversed in most cases, which is why the private lookup proposal uses hash prefixes, to lean on the equivalent of k-anonymity. (Thanks for the edits, I'll make a PR next week, but feel free to go ahead and make one in the meantime if you'd like.) |
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On May 21, I wrote:
Go 1.13 beta has been out for a while with the checksum database enabled, and overall it seems to be working well. No show-stopper issues have been identified that I am aware of. We have not resolved the comments about wanting to change the content of a module without triggering an error, but the design of the system is meant to catch exactly that. And people who want not to be stopped can always turn off the checksum database. We made it easier to turn off both the proxy and the checksum database together, selectively, with the new GOPRIVATE environment variable (see 'go help environment'). Overall it seems like the consensus here is that we can move forward with this and accept this proposal, since no show-stopper issues have been identified. Am I missing anything? Will leave this open for a week to collect final comments. (It is always fine to file a new issue for other problems found with the checksum database.) |
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One discussion on this issue was around the rather vague link to Google's standard privacy policy. We have posted a more detailed page about privacy and the proxy, sum, and index servers at https://proxy.golang.org/privacy. (Please file any feedback in separate issues.) |
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Marked this last week as likely accept w/ call for last comments (#25530 (comment)). |
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Already implemented, so closing. |
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Where is the tree size of The tree size from
Example:
Lookup: https://sum.golang.org/lookup/github.com/gin-gonic/gin@v1.4.0 Latest: https://sum.golang.org/latest |
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It only has to be higher than the record number returned in that lookup, so that the client is guaranteed to have at least one STH that includes the record (while the latests endpoint might be cached). It is always reconciled with the previous latest STH on the client side. |
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@FiloSottile But the tree size of I just want to find out the rule of the tree size in Where is source code or doc can tell the rule ? |
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There is no rule, except that it must be higher than the record number. IIRC it depends on the interaction between the various caches and the internal database lookup. The lookup responses are cached more aggressively than the latest one, but not forever. That should explain the behavior you see. This code is all pretty Google-specific, so it's not open source. The important property of the transparent log is that as long a the (open source) client checks the proofs correctly, you don't have to trust the server to operate honestly. |
[The text of this proposal is outdated. Find the whole proposal here.]
This is a proposal for a long-term plan to provide transparency logs to verify the authenticity of Go releases. It's not something we are ready to implement anytime soon.
Transparency logs are append only Merkle trees which are easy to audit, and provide efficient proofs of inclusion. They are used for Certificate Transparency and are starting to be used for binary transparency.
They are a good fit for securing releases:
go releasetool can trigger submission of the version to the log, and then verify that its hash matches what the developer has on disk. This is especially nice as it keeps the host (i.e. GitHub) honest.go releasecan also check with logs that a version does not exist yet before tagging it.The security of such a system is superior to what is provided by modverify, which is effectively pinning to the view of the developer adding the dependency. Transparency logs pin to the first time the version was globally observed, and with the
go releaseworkflow they pin directly to the view of the developer who created the dependency.We can probably build the implementation on top of Trillian, a transparency log (and map) implementation which has the explicit concept of "personalities" for the custom use-case logic. (CT is a Trillian personality.)
Ideally, these logs would be operated by multiple players in the community, and a client could choose to trust or submit to any number of them.
We can build the tooling outside the go tool as a way to check/generate modverify entries to experiment until we feel comfortable with it.
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