




                           MODERN SPIRITUALISM

                          A SUBJECT OF PROPHECY

                                  AND A

                            SIGN OF THE TIMES.

                              BY URIAH SMITH

                   THE REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING CO.

                                  1896.





CONTENTS


Preface.
Chapter One. Opening Thought.
   A Manifestation of Power.
   A Manifestation of Intelligence.
   The Progress of Spiritualism.
Chapter Two. What is the Agency in Question?
   Credentials of the Bible.
   An Impossibility.
   The Soul Not Immortal.
Chapter Three. The Dead Unconscious.
Chapter Four. They Are Evil Angels.
   Warnings Against Evil Spirits.
Chapter Five. What The Spirits Teach.
   They Deny All Distinction Between Right And Wrong.
   Dangers Of Mediumship.
   Miscellaneous Teaching.
   Spirits Cannot Be Identified.
Chapter Six. Its Promises: How Fulfilled.
Chapter Seven. Spiritualism A Subject Of Prophecy.
Conclusion.
Index Of Authors Referred To.
Index Of Books, Papers, Etc., Quoted.
Index Of Texts Of Scripture Illustrated Or Explained.
Footnotes






PREFACE.


For nearly fifty years Spiritualism has been before the world. This surely
is time enough to enable it to show its character by its fruits. "By their
fruits ye shall know them," is a rule that admits of no exceptions. If
evil fruits appear, the tree is corrupt.

Spiritualism has made unbounded promises of good. It has claimed to be the
long-promised second coming of Christ; the opening of a new era among
mankind; the rosy portal of a golden age, when all men should be reformed,
evil disappear, and the renovation of society cause the hearts of men to
leap for joy, and the earth to blossom as the rose.

Has it fulfilled all, or any, of these promises? If not, is it not a
deception? and if a deception, considering its wide-spread influence, and
the number of its adherents, is it not one of the most gigantic and
appalling deceptions that has ever fallen upon Christendom? The Bible in
the plainest terms, declares that in the last days malign influences will
be let loose upon the world; false pretensions will be urged upon the
minds of men; and deceptions, backed up by preternatural signs and
wonders, will develop to such a degree of strength, that, if it were
possible, they would deceive the very elect. Is it possible that
Spiritualism may be the very development of evil, against which this
warning is directed?

To investigate these questions, and to show by unimpeachable testimony,
what Spiritualism is, and the place it holds among the psychological
movements of the present day, is the object of these pages. Not a few
books have been written against Spiritualism; but most of them endeavor to
account for it on the ground of human jugglery and imposture, or on
natural principles, the discovery of a new and heretofore occult force in
nature, etc., from which great things may be expected in the future. But
rarely has any one discussed it from the standpoint of prophecy, and the
testimony of the Scriptures, the only point of view, as we believe, from
which its true origin, nature, and tendency, can be ascertained.

Many features in the work of Spiritualism would seem to indicate that the
source from which it springs is far from good; but it is based upon a
church dogma, firmly established through all Christendom, which in many
minds is of sufficient weight to overbalance considerations that would
otherwise be considered ample grounds for shunning or renouncing it. It is
therefore the more necessary that the reader, in examining this question,
should let the bonds that have heretofore bound him to preconceived
opinions, sit loose upon him, and that he should put himself in the mood
of Dr. Channing when he said: "I must choose to receive the truth, no
matter how it bears upon myself, and must follow it no matter where it
leads, from what party it severs me, or to what party it allies." And he
should remember also, as the eminent and pious Dr. Vinet once sagaciously
observed, that "even now, after eighteen centuries of Christianity, we are
very probably involved in some enormous error, of which Christianity will,
in some future time, make us ashamed."

In view, therefore, of the importance of this question, and the tremendous
issues that hang on the decisions we may make in these perilous times, we
feel justified even in _adjuring_ the reader to canvass this subject with
an inflexible determination to learn the truth, and then to follow it
wherever it may lead.

U. S.
_Battle Creek, Mich., 1897._





                               Chapter One.


OPENING THOUGHT.


What think ye? Whence is it--from heaven or of men? Such was the nature of
the question addressed by our Saviour to the men of his time, concerning
the baptism of John. It is the crucial question by which to test every
system that comes to us in the garb of religion: Is it from heaven or of
men? And if a true answer to the question can be found, it must determine
our attitude toward it; for if it is from heaven, it challenges at once
our acceptance and profound regard, but if it is of men, sooner or later,
in this world or in the world to come, it will be destroyed with all its
followers; for our Saviour has declared that every plant which our
heavenly Father has not planted shall be rooted up. Matt. 15:13.

To those who do not believe in any "heavenly Father," nor in "Christ the
Saviour," nor in any "revealed word of God," we would say that these
points will be assumed in this work rather than directly argued, though
many incidental proofs will appear, to which we trust our friends will be
pleased to give some consideration. But we address ourselves particularly
to those who still have faith in God the Father of all; in his divine Son,
our Lord Jesus Christ, through whose blood we have redemption; in the
Bible as the inspired revelation of God's will; and in the Holy Spirit as
the enlightener of the mind, and the sanctifier of the soul. To all those
to whom this position is common ground, the Bible will be the standard of
authority, and the court of last appeal, in the study upon which we now
enter.




A Manifestation of Power.


Spiritualism cannot be disposed of with a sneer. A toss of the head and a
cry of "humbug," will not suffice to meet its claims and the testimony of
careful, conservative men who have studied thoroughly into the genuineness
of its manifestations, and have sought for the secret of its power, and
have become satisfied as to the one, and been wholly baffled as to the
other. That there have been abundant instances of attempted fraud,
deception, jugglery, and imposition, is not to be denied. But this does
not by any means set aside the fact that there have been manifestations of
more than human power, the evidence for which has never been impeached.
The detection of a few sham mediums, who are trying to impose upon the
credulity of the public, for money, may satisfy the careless and
unthinking, that the whole affair is a humbug. Such will dismiss the
matter from their minds, and depart, easier subjects to be captured by the
movement when some manifestation appears for which they can find no
explanation. But the more thoughtful and careful observers well know that
the exposure of these mountebanks does not account for the numberless
manifestations of power, and the steady current of phenomena, utterly
inexplicable on any human hypothesis, which have attended the movement
from the beginning.

The Philadelphia _North American_, of July 31, 1885, published a
communication from Thomas R. Hazard, in which he says:--


    "But Spiritualism, whatever may be thought of it, must be
    recognized as a fact. It is one of the characteristic intellectual
    or emotional phenomena of the times, and as such, it is deserving
    of a more serious examination than it has yet received. There are
    those who say it is all humbug, and that everything outside of the
    ordinary course which takes place at the so-called seances, is the
    direct result of fraudulent and deliberative imposture; in short,
    that every Spiritualist must be either a fool or a knave. The
    serious objection to this hypothesis is that the explanation is
    almost as difficult of belief as the occurrences which it
    explains. There must certainly be some Spiritualists who are both
    honest and intelligent; and if the manifestations at the seances
    were altogether and invariably fraudulent, surely the whole thing
    must have collapsed long before this; and the Seybert Commission,
    which finds it necessary to extend its investigations over an
    indefinite period, which will certainly not be less than a year,
    would have been able to sweep the delusion away in short order."


The phenomena are so well known, that it is unnecessary to recount them
here. Among them may be mentioned such achievements as these: Various
articles have been transported from place to place, without human hands,
but by the agency of so-called spirits only; beautiful music has been
produced independently of human agency, with and without the aid of
visible instruments; many well-attested cases of healing have been
presented; persons have been carried through the air by the spirits in the
presence of many witnesses; tables have been suspended in the air with
several persons upon them; purported spirits have presented themselves in
bodily form and talked with an audible voice; and all this not once or
twice merely, but times without number, as may be gathered from the
records of Spiritualism, all through its history.

A few particular instances, as samples, it may be allowable to notice: Not
many years since, Joseph Cook made his memorable tour around the world. In
Europe he met the famous German philosopher, Professor Zoellner. Mr.
Zoellner had been carefully investigating the phenomena of Spiritualism,
and assured Mr. Cook of the following occurrences as facts, under his own
observation: Knots had been found tied in the middle of cords, by some
invisible agency, while both ends were made securely fast, so that they
could not be tampered with; messages were written between doubly and
trebly sealed slates; coin had passed through a table in a manner to
illustrate the suspension of the laws of impenetrability of matter; straps
of leather were knotted under his own hand; the impression of two feet was
given on sooted paper pasted inside of two sealed slates; whole and
uninjured wooden rings were placed around the standard of a card table,
over either end of which they could by no possibility be slipped; and
finally the table itself, a heavy beechen structure, wholly disappeared,
and then fell from the top of the room where Professor Zoellner and his
friends were sitting.

In further confirmation of the fact that real spiritualistic
manifestations are no sleight-of-hand performances, we cite the case of
Harry Kellar, a professional performer, as given in "Nineteenth Century
Miracles," p. 213. The seance was held with the medium, Eglinton, in
Calcutta, India, Jan. 25, 1882. He says:--


    "It is needless to say that I went as a skeptic; but I must own
    that I have come away utterly unable to explain by any natural
    means the phenomena that I witnessed on Tuesday evening."


He then describes the particulars of the seance. An intelligence,
purporting to be the spirit of one Geary, gave a communication. Mr. Kellar
did not recognize the name nor recall the man. The message was repeated,
with the added circumstances of the time and particulars of a previous
meeting, when Mr. Kellar recalled the events, and, much to his surprise,
the whole matter came clearly to his recollection. He then adds:--


    "I still remain a skeptic as regards Spiritualism, but I repeat my
    inability to explain or account for what must have been an
    intelligent force which produced the writing on the slate, which,
    if my senses are to be relied on, was in no way the result of
    trickery or sleight-of-hand."


Another instance from "Home Circle," p. 25, is that of Mr. Bellachini,
also a professional conjuror, of Berlin, Germany. His interview was with
the celebrated medium, Mr. Slade. From his testimony we quote the
following:--


    "I have not, in the smallest degree, found anything to be produced
    by prestidigitative manifestations or mechanical apparatus; and
    any explanation of the experiments which took place under the
    circumstances and conditions then obtaining, by any reference to
    prestidigitation, is _absolutely impossible_. I declare, moreover,
    the published opinions of laymen as to the 'How' of this subject,
    to be premature, and according to my views and experience, false
    and one-sided."--_Dated, Berlin, Dec. 6, 1877._


When professional conjurors bear such testimony as this, while it does not
prove Spiritualism to be what it claims to be, it does disprove the humbug
theory.

In addition to this, it appears that two propositions, one of $2000, and
the other of $5000, have been offered to the one who claimed to be able to
duplicate all the manifestations of Spiritualism, to duplicate two
well-authenticated tests; but the challenge has never been accepted, nor
the reward claimed. See _Religio-Philosophical Journal_, of Jan. 15, 1881,
and January, 1883.

A writer in the _Spiritual Clarion_, in an article on "The Millennium of
Spiritualism," bears the following testimony in regard to the power and
strength of the movement:--


    "This revelation has been with a power, a might, that if divested
    of its almost universal benevolence, had been a terror to the very
    soul; the hair of the very bravest had stood on end, and his
    chilled blood had crept back upon his heart, at the sights and
    sounds of its inexplicable phenomena. It comes with foretokening
    and warning. It has been, from the very first, its own best
    prophet, and step by step, it has foretold the progress it would
    make. It comes, too, most triumphant. No faith before it ever took
    such a victorious stand in its very infancy. It has swept like a
    hurricane of fire through the land, compelling faith from the
    baffled scoffer, and the most determined doubter."


Dr. W. F. Barrett, Professor of Experimental Physics in the Royal College
of Dublin, says:--


    "It is well known to those who have made the phenomena of
    Spiritualism the subject of prolonged and careful inquiry, in the
    spirit of exact and unimpassioned scientific research, that
    beneath a repellent mass of imposture and delusion there remain
    certain inexplicable and startling facts which science can neither
    explain away nor deny."--_"__Automatic, or Spirit, Writing,__"__ p.
    11 (1896)._


In the _Arena_ of November, 1892, p. 688, Mr. M. J. Savage, the noted
Unitarian minister of Boston, says:--


    "Next comes what are ordinarily classed together as 'mediumistic
    phenomena.' The most important of these are psychometry, 'vision'
    of 'spirit' forms, claimed communications by means of rappings,
    table movements, automatic writing, independent writing, trance
    speaking, etc. With them also ought to be noted what are generally
    called physical phenomena, though in most cases, since they are
    intelligibly directed, the use of the word 'physical,' without
    this qualification, might be misleading. These physical phenomena
    include such facts as the movement of material objects by other
    than the ordinary muscular force, the making objects heavier or
    lighter when tested by the scales, the playing on musical
    instruments by some invisible power, etc.... Now all of these
    referred to (with the exception of independent writing, and
    materialization) I know to be genuine. I do not at all mean by
    this that I know that the 'spiritualistic' interpretation of them
    is the true one. I mean only that they are genuine phenomena; that
    they have occurred; that they are not tricks or the result of
    fraud."


In the _Forum_ of December, 1889, p. 455, the same writer describes his
experience at the house of a friend with whom he had been acquainted eight
or ten years. When about to depart, he thought he would try an experiment.
He says:--


    "She and I stood at opposite ends of the table at which we had
    been sitting. Both of us having placed the tips of our fingers
    lightly on the top of the table, I spoke, as if addressing some
    unseen force connected with the table, and said: 'Now I must go;
    will you not accompany me to the door?' The door was ten or
    fifteen feet distant, and was closed. The table started. It had no
    casters, and in order to make it move as it did, we should have
    had to go behind and push it. As a matter of fact we led it, while
    it accompanied us all the way, and struck against the door with
    considerable force."


From the same article, p. 456, we quote again:--


    "I add one more experiment of my own. I sat one day in a heavy,
    stuffed armchair. The psychic sat beside me, and laying his hand
    on the back of the chair, gradually raised it. Immediately I felt
    and saw myself, chair and all, lifted into the air at least one
    foot from the floor. There was no uneven motion implying any sense
    of effort on the part of the lifting force; and I was gently
    lowered again to the carpet. This was in broad light, in a hotel
    parlor, and in presence of a keen-eyed lawyer friend. I could
    plainly watch the whole thing. No man living could have lifted me
    in such a position, and besides, I saw that the psychic made not
    the slightest apparent effort. Nor was there any machinery or
    preparation of any kind. My companion, the lawyer, on going away,
    speaking in reference to the whole sitting, said: 'I've seen
    enough evidence to hang every man in the State--enough to prove
    _anything excepting this_.'


    "Professor Crookes, of London, relates having seen and heard an
    accordion played on while it was enclosed in a wire net-work, and
    not touched by any visible hand. I have seen an approach to the
    same thing. In daylight I have seen a man hold an accordion in the
    air, not more than three feet away from me. He held it by one
    hand, grasping the side opposite to that on which the keys were
    fixed. In this position, it, or something, played long tunes, the
    side containing the keys being pushed in and drawn out without any
    contact that I could see. I then said, 'Will it not play for me?'
    The reply was, 'I don't know: you can try it.' I then took the
    accordion in my hands. There was no music; but what did occur was
    quite as inexplicable to me, and quite as convincing as a display
    of some kind of power. I know not how to express it, except by
    saying that the accordion was seized as if by some one trying to
    take it away from me. To test this power, I grasped the instrument
    with both hands. The struggle was as real as though my antagonist
    was another man. I succeeded in keeping it, but only by the most
    strenuous efforts.


    "On another occasion I was sitting with a 'medium.' I was too far
    away for him to reach me, even had he tried, which he did not do;
    for he sat perfectly quiet. My knees were not under the table, but
    were where I could see them plainly. Suddenly my right knee was
    grasped as by a hand. It was a firm grip. I could feel the print
    and pressure of all the fingers. I said not a word of the strange
    sensation, but quietly put my right hand down and clasped my knee
    in order to see if I could feel anything on my hand. At once I
    felt what seemed like the most delicate finger tips playing over
    my own fingers and gradually rising in their touches toward my
    wrist. When this was reached, I felt a series of clear, distinct,
    and definite pats, as though made by a hand of fleshy vigor. I
    made no motion to indicate what was going on, and said not a word
    until the sensation had passed. All this while I was carefully
    watching my hand, for it was plain daylight, and it was in full
    view; but I saw nothing."


We need not multiply evidence on this point. A remark by T. J. Hudson
("Law of Psychic Phenomena," p. 206, McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1894) may
fitly close this division of the subject. He says:--


    "I will not waste time, however, by attempting to prove by
    experiments of my own, or of others, that such phenomena do occur.
    It is too late for that. The facts are too well known to the
    civilized world to require proof at this time. The man who denies
    the phenomena of spiritism to-day is not entitled to be called a
    skeptic, he is simply ignorant; and it would be a hopeless task to
    attempt to enlighten him."




A Manifestation of Intelligence.


From the testimony already given it is evident that there is connected
with Spiritualism an agency that is able to manifest power and strength
beyond anything that human beings, unaided, are able to exert. It is just
as evident that the same agency possesses intelligence beyond the power of
human minds. Indeed, this was the very feature that first brought it to
the attention of the public. Spiritualism, as the reader is doubtless
aware, originated in the family of Mr. John D. Fox, in Hydesville, near
Rochester, N. Y., in the spring of 1848. Robert Dale Owen, in his work
called "Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World," p. 290, has given a
full narration of the circumstances attending this remarkable event. The
particulars, he states, he had from Mrs. Fox, and her two daughters,
Margaret and Kate, and son, David. The attention of the family had been
attracted by strange noises which finally assumed the form of raps, or
muffled footfalls, and became very annoying. Chairs were sometimes moved
from their places, and this was once also the case with the dining-room
table. Heard occasionally during February, the disturbance so increased
during the latter part of March, as seriously to break the nightly repose
of the family. But as these annoyances occurred only in the night-time,
all the family hoped that soon, by some means, the mystery would be
cleared away. They did not abandon this hope till Friday, the 31st of
March, 1848. Wearied by a succession of sleepless nights, the family
retired early, hoping for a respite from the disturbances that had
harassed them. In this they were doomed to especial disappointment. We can
do no better than to let Mr. Owen continue the narrative, in his own
words:--


    "The parents had removed the children's beds into their bedroom,
    and strictly enjoined them not to talk of noises, even if they
    heard them. But scarcely had the mother seen them safely in bed,
    and was retiring to rest herself, when the children cried out,
    'Here they are again!' The mother chided them, and lay down.
    Thereupon the noises became louder and more startling. The
    children sat up in bed. Mrs. Fox called her husband. The night
    being windy, it was suggested to him that it might be the rattling
    of the sashes. He tried several to see if they were loose. Kate,
    the younger girl, happened to remark that as often as her father
    shook a window-sash, the noises seemed to reply. Being a lively
    child, and in a measure accustomed to what was going on, she
    turned to where the noise was, snapped her fingers, and called
    out, 'Here, old Splitfoot, do as I do!' The knocking instantly
    responded.


    "_That was the very commencement. Who can tell where the end will
    be?_


    "I do not mean that it was Kate Fox, who thus, in childish jest,
    first discovered that these mysterious sounds seemed instinct with
    intelligence. Mr. Mompesson, two hundred years ago, had already
    observed a similar phenomenon. Glanvil had verified it. So had
    Wesley, and his children. So we have seen, and others. But in all
    these cases the matter rested there and the observation was not
    prosecuted further. As, previous to the invention of the steam
    engine, sundry observers had trodden the very threshold of the
    discovery and there stopped, so in this case, where the royal
    chaplain, disciple though he was of the inductive philosophy, and
    where the founder of Methodism, admitting, as he did, the
    probabilities of ultramundane interference, were both at fault, a
    Yankee girl, but nine years old, following up more in sport than
    in earnest, a chance observation, became the instigator of a
    movement which, whatever its true character, has had its influence
    throughout the civilized world. The spark had been ignited,--once
    at least two centuries ago; but it had died each time without
    effect. It kindled no flame till the middle of the nineteenth
    century.


    "And yet how trifling the step from the observation at Tedworth to
    the discovery at Hydesville! Mr. Mompesson, in bed with his little
    daughter (about Kate's age), whom the sound seemed chiefly to
    follow, 'observed that it would exactly answer, in drumming,
    anything that was beaten or called for.' But his curiosity led him
    no further.


    "Not so Kate Fox. She tried, by silently bringing together her
    thumb and forefinger; whether she could obtain a response. Yes! It
    could _see_, then, as well as _hear_. She called her mother. 'Only
    look, mother,' she said, bringing together again her finger and
    thumb, as before. And as often as she repeated the noiseless
    motion, just as often responded the raps.


    "This at once arrested her mother's attention. 'Count ten,' she
    said, addressing the noise. Ten strokes, distinctly given! 'How
    old is my daughter Margaret?' Twelve strokes. 'And Kate?' Nine.
    'What can all this mean?' was Mrs. Fox's thought. Who was
    answering her? Was it only some mysterious echo of her own
    thought? But the next question which she put seemed to refute the
    idea. 'How many children have I?' she asked aloud. Seven strokes.
    'Ah!' she thought, 'it can blunder sometimes.' And then aloud,
    'Try again.' Still the number of raps was seven. Of a sudden a
    thought crossed Mrs. Fox's mind. 'Are they all alive?' she asked.
    Silence for answer. 'How many are living?' Six strokes. 'How many
    are dead?' A single stroke. _She had lost a child._


    "Then she asked, 'Are you a man?' No answer. 'Are you a spirit?'
    It rapped. 'May my neighbors hear, if I call them?' It rapped
    again.


    "Thereupon she asked her husband to call her neighbor, a Mrs.
    Redfield, who came in laughing. But her cheer was soon changed.
    The answers to her inquiries were as prompt and pertinent, as they
    had been to those of Mrs. Fox. She was struck with awe; and when,
    in reply to a question about the number of her children, by
    rapping four, instead of three, as she expected, it reminded her
    of a little daughter, Mary, whom she had recently lost, the mother
    burst into tears."


We have introduced this narrative thus at length not only because it is
interesting in itself, but because it is of special interest that all the
particulars of the origin, or beginning, of such a movement as this,
should be well understood. The following paragraph will explain how it
came to be called "The Rochester Knockings," under which name it first
became widely known. It is from the "Report of the 37th Anniversary of
Modern Spiritualism," held in Brooklyn, N. Y., March 31, 1885, and
reported in the _Banner of Light_, the 25th of the following month:--


    "After a song by J. T. Lillie, Mrs. Leah Fox Underhill, the elder
    of the three Fox sisters (who was on our platform), was requested
    to speak. Mrs. Underhill said that she was not a public speaker,
    but would answer any questions from the audience, and in response
    to these questions told in a graphic manner how the spirits came
    to their humble home in Hydesville, in 1848; how on the 31st of
    March the first intelligent communication from the spirit world
    came through the raps; how the family had been annoyed by the
    manifestations, and by the notoriety that followed; how the
    younger sisters, Catherine and Margaret, were taken to Rochester,
    where she lived, by their mother, hoping that this great and
    apparent calamity might pass from them; how their father and
    mother prayed that this cup might be taken away, but the phenomena
    became more marked and violent; how in the morning they would find
    four coffins drawn with an artistic hand on the door of the
    dining-room of her home in Rochester, of different sizes,
    approximating to the ages and sizes of the family, and these were
    lined with a pink color, and they were told that unless they made
    this great fact known, they would all speedily die, and enter the
    spirit-world.


    "Gladly would they all have accepted this penalty for their
    disobedience in not making this truth known to the world. She told
    how they were compelled to hire Corinthian Hall in Rochester; how
    several public meetings were held in Rochester, culminating in the
    selection of a committee of prominent infidels, who, after
    submitting the Fox children to the most severe tests,--they being
    disrobed in the presence of a committee of ladies,--reported in
    their favor.... All the time she was on our platform, there was a
    continuous rapping by the spirits in response to what was being
    said by the several speakers, also in response to the singing, and
    all our exercises."


In the same volume of the _Forum_ from which quotations have already been
made, M. J. Savage states many facts which have a determinate bearing on
the point now under consideration; namely, the intelligence manifested in
the spiritual phenomena. From these we quote a few. He says (p. 452 and
onward):--


    "I am in possession of quite a large body of apparent facts that I
    do not know what to do with.... That certain things to me
    inexplicable have occurred, I believe. The negative opinion of
    some one with whom no such things have occurred, will not satisfy
    me.... I am ready to submit some specimens of those things that
    constitute my problem. They can be only specimens; for a detailed
    account of even half of those I have laid by, would stretch to the
    limits of a book.


    "A merchant ship bound for New York was on her homeward voyage.
    She was in the Indian Ocean. The captain was engaged to be married
    to a lady living in New England. One day early in the afternoon he
    came, pale and excited, to one of his mates, and exclaimed, 'Tom,
    Kate has just died! I have seen her die!' The mate looked at him
    in amazement, not knowing what to make of such talk. But the
    captain went on and described the whole scene--the room, her
    appearance, how she died, and all the circumstances. So real was
    it to him, and such was the effect on him, of his grief, that for
    two or three weeks, he was carefully watched lest he should do
    violence to himself. It was more than one hundred and fifty days
    before the ship reached her harbor. During all this time no news
    was received from home. But when at last the ship arrived at New
    York, it was found that Kate did die at the time and under the
    circumstances seen and described by the captain off the coast of
    India. This is only one case out of hundreds. What does it mean?
    Coincidence? Just happened so? This might be said of one; but a
    hundred of such coincidences become inexplicable."


The following is another instance mentioned by the same writer:--


    "I went to the house of a woman in New York. She was not a
    professional. We had never seen each other before. We took seats
    in the parlor for a talk, I not looking for any manifestation.
    Raps began. I do not say whether they were really where they
    seemed to be or not; I know right well that the judgment is
    subject to illusion through the senses. But I was told a 'spirit
    friend' was present; and soon the name, time, and place of death,
    etc., were given me. It was the name of a friend I had once known
    intimately. But twenty years had passed since the old intimacy;
    she had lived in another State; I am certain that she and the
    psychic had never known or even heard of each other. She had died
    within a few months."


Mr. Savage then gives examples where the power in question was exclusively
mental:--


    "The first time I was ever in the presence of a particular
    psychic, she went into a trance. She had never seen, and, so far
    as I know, had never had any way of hearing of my father, who had
    died some years previously. When I was a boy, he always called me
    by a special name that was never used by any other member of the
    family. In later years he hardly ever used it. But the entranced
    psychic said: 'An old gentleman is here,' and she described
    certain very marked peculiarities. Then she added: 'He says he is
    your father, and he calls you ----,' using the old childhood name of
    mine."


Again, same page:--


    "One case more, only, will I mention under this head. A most
    intimate friend of my youth had recently died. She had lived in
    another State, and the psychic did not know that such a person had
    ever existed. We were sitting alone when this old friend announced
    her presence. It was in this way: A letter of two pages was
    automatically written, addressed to me. I thought to myself as I
    read it,--I did not speak,--'Were it possible, I should feel sure
    she had written this.' I then said, as though speaking to her,
    'Will you not give me your name?' It was given, both maiden and
    married name. I then began a conversation lasting over an hour,
    which seemed as real as any I ever have with my friends. She told
    me of her children, of her sisters. We talked over the events of
    boyhood and girlhood. I asked her if she remembered a book we used
    to read together, and she gave me the author's name. I asked again
    if she remembered the particular poem we were both specially fond
    of, and she named it at once. In the letter that was written, and
    in much of the conversation, there were apparent hints of
    identity, little touches and peculiarities that would mean much to
    an acquaintance, but nothing to a stranger. I could not but be
    much impressed. Now in this case, I know that the psychic never
    knew of this person's existence, and of course not of our
    acquaintance."


Mr. Savage then mentions cases which he calls still more inexplicable,
because the information conveyed was not known either to the psychic
(which seems to be the new name for medium) or to himself. He says:--


    "But one more case dare I take the space for, though the budget is
    only opened. This one did not happen to me, but it is so hedged
    about and checked off, that its evidential value in a scientific
    way is absolutely perfect. The names of some of the parties
    concerned _would be recognized in two hemispheres_. A lady and
    gentleman visited a psychic. The gentleman was the lady's
    brother-in-law. The lady had an aunt who was ill in a city two or
    three hundred miles away. When the psychic had become entranced,
    the lady asked her if she had any impression as to the condition
    of her aunt. The reply was, 'No.' But before the sitting was over,
    the psychic exclaimed, 'Why, your aunt is here! She has already
    passed away.' 'This cannot be true,' said the lady; 'there must be
    a mistake. If she had died, they would have telegraphed us
    immediately.' 'But,' the psychic insisted, 'she is here. And she
    explains that she died about two o'clock this morning. She also
    says that a telegram has been sent, and you will find it at the
    house on your return.'


    "Here seemed a clear case for a test. So while the lady started
    for her home, her brother-in-law called at the house of a friend
    and told the story. While there the husband came in. Having been
    away for some hours he had not heard of any telegram. But the
    friend seated himself at his desk and wrote out a careful account,
    which all three signed on the spot. When they reached home,--two or
    three miles away,--there was the telegram confirming the fact and
    the time of the aunt's death, precisely as the psychic had told
    them.


    "Here are most wonderful facts. How shall they be accounted for? I
    have not trusted my memory for these things, but have made careful
    record at the time. I know many other records of a similar kind
    kept by others. They are kept private. Why? The late Rev. J. G.
    Wood, of England, the world-famous naturalist, once said to me: 'I
    am glad to talk of these things to any one who has a right to
    know. But I used to call everybody a fool who had anything to do
    with them; and with a smile--"I do not enjoy being called a
    fool." '


    "Psychic and other societies that advertise for strange phenomena,
    must learn that at least a respectful treatment is to be accorded,
    or people will not lay bare their secret souls. And then, in the
    very nature of the case, these experiments concern matters of the
    most personal nature. Many of the most striking cases people will
    not make public. In some of those above related, I have had so to
    veil facts, that they do not appear as remarkable as they really
    are. The whole cannot be told."


A quotation from this same writer ("Automatic Writing," page 14), says:--


    "I am in possession of a respectable body of facts that I do not
    know how to explain except on the theory that I am dealing with
    some invisible intelligence. I hold that as the only tenable
    theory I am acquainted with."


In the same work (page 19), the author, Mrs. S. A. Underwood, as the
result of her communications from spirits, says:--


    "Detailed statements of facts unknown to either of us [that is,
    herself and her 'control'], but which weeks afterward were learned
    to be correct, have been written, and repeated again and again,
    when disbelieved and contradicted by us."


On this point, also, as on the preceding, testimony need not be
multiplied. The facts are too well known and too generally admitted to
warrant the devotion of further space to a presentation of the evidence.
_The question must soon be met, What is the source of the power and
intelligence thus manifested?_ But this may properly be held in abeyance
till we take a glance at:




The Progress of Spiritualism.


during the fifty years of its modern history. It began in a way to excite
the wonder and curiosity of the people, the very elements that would give
wings to its progress through the land. Men suddenly found their thoughts
careering through new channels. An unseen world seemed to make known its
presence and invite investigation. As the phenomena claimed to be due to
the direct agency of spirits, the movement naturally assumed the name of
"Spiritualism." It was then hailed by multitudes as a new and living
teacher, come to clear up uncertainties and to dispel doubts from the
minds of men. At least an irrepressible curiosity was everywhere excited
to know what the new "ism" would teach concerning that invisible world
which it professed to have come to open to the knowledge of mankind.
Everywhere men sought by what means they could come into communication
with the spirit realm. Into whatever place the news entered, circles were
formed, and the number of converts outstripped the pen of the enroller. It
gathered adherents from every walk of life--from the higher classes as well
as the lower; the educated, cultured, and refined, as well as the
uncultivated and ignorant; from ministers, lawyers, physicians, judges,
teachers, government officials, and all the professions. But the
individuals thus interested, being of too diverse and independent views to
agree upon any permanent basis for organization, the data for numerical
statistics are difficult to procure. Various estimates, however, of their
numbers have been formed. As long ago as 1876, computations of the number
of Spiritualists in the United States ranged from 3,000,000 by Hepworth
Dixon, to 10,000,000 by the Roman Catholic council at Baltimore. Only five
years from the time the first convert to Modern Spiritualism appeared,
Judge Edmonds, himself an enthusiastic convert, said of their numbers:--


    "Besides the undistinguished multitudes, there are many now of
    high standing and talent ranked among them,--doctors, lawyers, and
    clergymen in great numbers, a Protestant bishop, the learned and
    reverend president of a college, judges of our higher courts,
    members of Congress, foreign ambassadors, and ex-members of the
    United States Senate."


Up to the present time, it is not probable that the number of
Spiritualists has been much reduced by apostasies from the faith, if such
it may be called; while the movement itself has been growing more
prominent and becoming more widely known every year. The conclusion would
therefore inevitably follow that its adherents must now be more numerous
than ever before. A letter addressed by the writer to the publishers of
the _Philosophical Journal_, Chicago, on this point, received the
following reply, dated Dec. 24, 1895:--


    "Being unorganized, largely, no reliable figures can be given.
    Many thousands are in the churches, and are counted there. It is
    _claimed_ that there are about five million in the United States,
    and over fifty million in the world."


The _Christian at Work_ of Aug. 17, 1876, under the head of "Witches and
Fools," said:--


    "But we do not know how many judges, bankers, merchants, prominent
    men in nearly every occupation in life, there are, who make it a
    constant practice to visit clairvoyants, sightseers, and so-called
    Spiritual mediums; yet it can scarcely be doubted that their name
    is legion; that not only the unreligious man, but professing
    Christians, men and women, are in the habit of consulting spirits
    from the vasty deep for information concerning both the dead and
    the living. Many who pass for intelligent people, who would be
    shocked to have their Christianity called in question, are
    constantly engaged in this disreputable business."


The following appeared some years ago, in the San Francisco _Chronicle_:--


    "Until quite recently, science has coldly ignored the alleged
    phenomena of Spiritualism, and treated Andrew Jackson Davis, Home,
    and the Davenport brothers, as if they belonged to the common
    fraternity of showmen and mountebanks. But now there has come a
    most noteworthy change. We learn from such high authority as the
    _Fortnightly Review_ that Alfred R. Wallace, F. R. S.; William
    Crookes, F. R. S. and editor of the _Quarterly Journal of
    Science_; W. H. Harrison, F. R. S. and president of the British
    Ethnological Society, with others occupying a high position in the
    scientific and literary world, have been seriously investigating
    the phenomena of spiritism. The report which those learned
    gentlemen make is simply astounding. There is no fairy tale, no
    story of myth or miracle, that is more incredible than their
    narrative. They tell us in grave and sober speech, that the spirit
    of a girl who died a hundred years ago, appeared to them in
    visible form. She talked with them, gave them locks of her hair,
    pieces of her dress, and her autograph. They saw her in bodily
    presence, felt her person, heard her voice; she entered the room
    in which they were, and disappeared without the opening of a door.
    The savants declare that they have had numerous interviews with
    her under conditions forbidding the idea of trickery or imposture.


    "Now that men eminent in the scientific world have taken up the
    investigation, Spiritualism has entered upon a new phase. It can
    no longer be treated with silent contempt. Mr. Wallace's articles
    in the _Fortnightly_ have attracted general attention, and many of
    the leading English reviews and newspapers are discussing the
    matter. The New York _World_ devotes three columns of its space to
    a summary of the last article in the _Fortnightly_, and declares
    editorially that the 'phenomena' thus attested 'deserve the rigid
    scientific examination which Mr. Wallace invites for them.' This
    is treating the matter in the right way. Let all the well-attested
    facts be collected, and then let us see what conclusions they
    justify. If spirit communication is a fact, it is certainly a most
    interesting one. In the language which the World attributes to
    John Bright, 'If it is a fact, it is the one besides which every
    other fact of human existence sinks into insignificance.' "


One of the reasons why it would be quite impossible to state the number of
real Spiritualists in our land to-day has already been hinted at in a
foregoing extract. It is that "many thousands," and we think the number
might in all probability be raised to millions, who are in reality
Spiritualists, do not go by that name. They are in the various churches,
and are counted there. Yet they believe the phenomena of Spiritualism,
accept its teachings in their own minds, and quietly and constantly, as
the _Christian at Work_ avers, consult clairvoyants and mediums, in quest
of knowledge. The grosser features of the teachings of Spiritualism which
were painfully prominent in its earlier stages, which there is no reason
to believe are discountenanced or abandoned either in theory or practice,
are relegated to an invisible background, while in its outward aspect it
now poses in the attitude of piety and the garb of religion. It even
professes to adopt some of the more prominent and popular doctrines of
Christianity. In this phase the average churchgoer cannot see why he may
not accept all that Spiritualism has to give, and still retain his
denominational relationship. Besides this, the coming to light, every now
and then, of the fact that some person of national or world-wide fame is a
Spiritualist, adds popularity and gives a new impetus to the movement.
Such instances may be named as the founder of the Leland Stanford
University, of California; the widow of ex-Vice-President Hendricks, of
Indiana, who, it is said, is carrying on some very successful financial
transactions by direction from the spirit world; and Mr. W. T. Stead,
London editor of the _Review of Reviews_, who, in 1893 started a new
quarterly, called _The Border Land_, to be devoted to the advocacy of the
philosophy of Spiritualism, which he had then but recently espoused. In
other countries it has invaded the ranks of the nobility, and even seated
itself on the thrones of monarchs. The late royal houses of France, Spain,
and Russia are said, by current rumor, to have sought the spirits for
knowledge. No cause could covet more rapid and wide-spread success than
this has enjoyed.





                               Chapter Two.


WHAT IS THE AGENCY IN QUESTION?


Having now shown that there are connected with Spiritualism supermundane
phenomena that cannot be denied, and equally evident superhuman
intelligence, sufficient to give to the movement unprecedented recognition
in all the world, the way is open for the most important question that can
be raised concerning it, and one which now demands an answer; and that is,
What is the agency by which these phenomena are produced, and by which
this intelligence is manifested? This question must be examined with the
utmost care, and, if possible, a decision be reached of the most assuring
certainty; for, as Mr. M. J. Savage says, "Spiritualism is either a grand
truth or a most lamentable delusion."

It is proper that the claim which Spiritualism puts forth for itself, in
this regard, should first be heard. This is so well known that it scarcely
need be stated. It is that there is in every human being a soul, or
spirit, which constitutes the real person; that this soul, or spirit, is
immortal; that it manifests itself through a tangible body during this
earth life, and when that body dies, passes unscathed into the unseen
world, into an enlarged sphere of life, activity, and intelligence; that
in this sphere it can still take cognizance of earthly things, and
communicate with those still in the flesh, respecting scenes which it has
left, and those more interesting conditions still veiled from mortal
sight; that it is by these disembodied, or "discarnated" spirits that raps
are given, objects moved, intelligence manifested, secrets revealed,
slates written, voices uttered, faces shown, and epistles addressed to
mortals, as friend would write to friend. If this be true, it opens what
would indeed be considered a grand avenue of consolation to bereaved
hearts, by giving them evidence that their departed friends still lived;
that they recognized, loved, and accompanied them, and delighted still to
counsel and instruct them. If not true, it is a masterpiece of superhuman
craft and cunning; for it takes Christendom on the side where it is least
guarded; as the view is everywhere held that the dead are conscious, and
the only question would be as to their power to communicate with persons
still living in the body; and it throws its arms around the individual
when the heart is the most tender, when plunged into a condition in which
every pang of bereaved sorrow, every tie of affection, and every throb of
love, press him to crave with all his being that communication with the
dead may be proved a fact, and to constrain him to accept the doctrine,
unless kept from it by some power stronger than the cords that bind heart
to heart in deathless love. If it be a deception, it occupies a vantage
ground before which men may well tremble.

But, as has been already stated, the question is here to be discussed from
the standpoint of the Bible; the Bible is to be taken as the standard of
authority by which all conflicting claims respecting the nature of man,
must be decided. The authenticity of the Scriptures, in reference to those
who deny their authority, is an antecedent question, into the discussion
of which it is not the province of this little work to enter. A word,
however, by way of digression, may be allowed in reference to its
authorship.




Credentials of the Bible.


1. The Bible claims to be the word of God. Those who wrote it assert that
they wrote as they "were moved by the Holy Ghost;" and they append to what
they utter, a "Thus saith the Lord."

2. If it is not what it claims to be, it is an _imposture_ invented by
_deceivers_ and _liars_.

3. _Good_ men would not deceive and lie; therefore they were not the ones
who invented the Bible.

4. If, therefore, it was invented by men at all, it must have been
invented by _bad_ men.

5. All liars and religious impostors are bad men; but--

6. The Bible repeatedly and most explicitly forbids lying and imposture,
under the threatening of most condign punishment.

7. Would, therefore, liars and impostors invent a book which more than any
other book ever written, denounces lying and imposture, thus condemning
themselves to the severest judgments of God, and at last to eternal death?

8. If, then, the Bible is not the invention of good men,--because such men
would not lie and deceive; nor of evil men,--because such men would not
condemn themselves; nor of good or evil angels, for the same reasons, who
else can be its author, but he who claims to be, that is, the living God?

9. If, therefore, from the very nature of the case, it must be God's book,
why not believe it, and obey it?

To return: Appeal is therefore made to the Bible; and the object is to
learn what the Bible teaches about Spiritualism. When the claim is put
forth that it is the disembodied spirits of dead men who make the
communications, the Bible reader is at once aware of a conflict of claims.
In times when the Bible was written, there were practices among men which
went under the names of "enchantment," "sorcery," "witchcraft,"
"necromancy," "divination," "consulting with familiar spirits," etc. These
practices were all more or less related, but some of them bear an
unmistakable meaning. Thus, "necromancy" is defined to mean "a pretended
communication with the dead." A "familiar spirit" was "a spirit or demon
supposed to attend on an individual, or to come at his call; the invisible
agent of a necromancer's will."--_Century Dictionary._ Spiritualists do not
deny that their intercourse with the invisible world comes under some, at
least, of these heads. But all such practices the Bible explicitly
forbids.

Deut. 18:9-12: "There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his
son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or
an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch, or a charmer, or a
consulter with _familiar spirits_, or a wizard, or a _necromancer_. For
all that do these things are an abomination unto the Lord." Lev. 19:31:
"Regard not them that have familiar spirits, neither seek after wizards,
to be defiled by them: I am the Lord your God." See also, 2 Kings 21:2, 6,
9, 11; Rev. 21:8; Gal. 5:19-21; Acts 16:16-18; etc. Thus plainly in both
the Old and New Testaments, are these practices forbidden.




An Impossibility.


But why does the Bible forbid such practices as necromancy, or a
"pretended" communication with the dead?--Because it would be only a
pretense at best; for such communication is impossible. The dead are
unconscious in their graves, and have no power to communicate with the
living. Let this truth be once established, and it is the death-blow to
the claims of Spiritualism, in the cases of all who will receive it.
Allusion has already been made to a popular and wide-spread dogma in the
Christian church which furnishes a basis for Spiritualism. It is that the
soul is immortal, and that the dead are conscious. Spirits make known
their presence, and claim to be the spirits of persons who have once lived
here in human bodies. Now if the Bible teaches that there is no such thing
as a disembodied human spirit, a knowledge of that fact would enable one
to detect at once the imposture of any intelligence which from behind the
curtain should claim to be such spirit. Any spirit seeking the attention
of men in this life, and claiming to be what the Bible says does not
exist, comes with a falsehood on its lips or in its raps, if the Bible is
true, and thus reveals its real character to be that of a deceiver. In
this case the Bible believer is armed against the imposture. No man likes
to be fooled. No matter therefore how nice the communicating intelligence
may seem, how many true things it may say, or how many good things it may
promise, the conviction cannot be evaded that no real good can be intended
or conferred by any spirit, or whatever it may be, masquerading under the
garb of falsehood, or pretending to be what it is not. On such a
foundation no stable superstructure can be reared. It becomes a
death-trap, sure to collapse and involve in ruin all those who trust
therein.

It is very desirable that the reader comprehend the full importance of the
doctrine, as related to this subject, that the dead are unconscious and
that they have no power to communicate with the living. This being
established, it sweeps away at one stroke the entire foundation of
Spiritualism. Evidence will now be presented to show that this is a Bible
doctrine; and wherever this is received, the fabric of Spiritualism from
base to finial falls; it cannot possibly stand. But where the doctrine
prevails that only the thin veil that limits our mortal vision, separates
us from a world full of the conscious, intelligent spirits of those who
have departed this life, Spiritualism has the field, beyond the
possibility of dislodgment. When one believes that he has disembodied
spirit friends all about him, how can he question that they are able to
communicate with him? and when some unseen intelligence makes its presence
known, and claims to be one of those friends, and refers to facts or
scenes, known only to them two, how can the living dispute the claim? How
can he refuse to accept a claim, which, on his own hypothesis, there is no
conceivable reason to deny? But if the spirits are not what they claim to
be, how shall the inexplicable phenomena attending their manifestations be
explained?--The Bible brings to view other agencies, not the so-called
spirits of the departed, to whose working all that has ever been
manifested which to mortal vision is mysterious and inexplicable, may be
justly attributed.




The Soul Not Immortal.


Spiritualism declares it to be the great object of its mission, to prove
the immortality of the soul, which, it says, is not taught in the
Scriptures with sufficient clearness, and is not otherwise demonstrated.
It well attributes to the Scriptures a lack of plain teaching in support
of that dogma; and it would have stated more truth, if it had said that
the Scriptures nowhere countenance such a doctrine at all. But, it is
said, the Scriptures are full of the terms, "soul" and "spirit." Very
true; but they nowhere use those terms to designate such a part of man as
in common parlance, and in popular theology, they have come to mean. The
fact is, the popular concept of the "soul" and "spirit" has been
formulated entirely outside the Bible. Sedulously, unremittingly, for six
thousand years, the idea has been inculcated in the minds of men, from the
cradle to the grave, that man is a dual being, consisting of an outward
body which dies, and an inward being called "soul," or "spirit," which
does not die, but passes to higher spirit life, when the body goes into
the grave. The father of this doctrine is rarely referred to by its
believers, as authority, possibly through a little feeling of
embarrassment as to its parentage; for he it was who announced it to our
first parents in these words: "Ye shall not surely die!" Gen. 3:4. When
men began to die, it was a shrewd stroke of policy on the part of him who
had promised them that they should not die, to try to prove to those who
remained that the others had not really died, but only changed conditions.
It is no marvel that he should try to make men believe that they possessed
an immaterial, immortal entity that could not die; but, in view of the
ghastly experiences of the passing years, it is the marvel of marvels that
he should have succeeded so well. The trouble now is that men take these
meanings which have been devised and fostered into stupendous strength
outside the pale of Bible teaching, and attach them to the Bible terms of
"soul" and "spirit." In other words, the mongrel pago-papal theology which
has grown up in Christendom, lets the Bible furnish the terms, and
paganism the definitions. But from the Bible standpoint, these definitions
do not belong there; they are foreign to the truth, and the Bible does not
recognize them. They are as much out of place as was the inventor of them
himself in the garden of Eden. Let the Bible furnish its own definitions
to its own terms, and all will be clear. The opinion of John Milton, the
celebrated author of Paradise Lost, is worthy of note. In his "Treatise on
Christian Doctrine," Vol. I, pp. 250, 251, he says:--


    "Man is a living being, intrinsically and properly one individual,
    not compound and separable, not, according to the common opinion,
    made up and framed of two distinct and different natures, as of
    body and soul, but the whole man is soul, and the soul, man; that
    is to say, a body or substance, individual, animated, sensitive,
    and rational."


In this sense the word is employed many times; but whoever will trace the
use of the words "soul" and "spirit" through the Bible, will find them
applied also to a great variety of objects; as, person, mind, heart, body
(in the expression "a dead body"), will, lust, appetite, breath, creature,
pleasure, desire, anger, courage, blast, etc., etc., in all nearly fifty
different ways. But it is a fact which should be especially noted, that in
not a single instance is there the least hint given that anything
expressed by these terms is capable of existing for a single moment, as a
conscious entity, or in any other condition, _without the body_! This
being so, none of these, according to the Bible, are the agency claimed to
be present in Spiritualism.

Another fact in reference to this point, should be allowed its decisive
bearing. The question now under investigation is, Is the soul immortal, as
Spiritualism has taken upon itself to teach, and claims to demonstrate?
The Bible is found to be so lavish in the use of the terms "soul" and
"spirit," that these words occur in the aggregate, _seventeen hundred
times_. Seventeen hundred times, by way of description, analysis,
narrative, historical facts, or declarations of what they can do, or
suffer, the Bible has something to say about "soul" and "spirit." The most
important question to be settled concerning them, certainly, is whether
they are immortal or not. Will not the Bible, so freely treating of these
terms, answer this question? Very strange, indeed, if it does not. But
does it once affirm that either the soul or the spirit is immortal?--_Not
once!_ Does it ever apply to them the terms "eternal," "deathless,"
"neverdying," or any word that bears the necessary meaning of
immortal?--Not in a single instance. Does it apply to them any term from
which even an inference, necessary or remote, can be drawn that they are
immortal? Even reduced to this attenuated form, the answer is still an
emphatic and overwhelming, _No!_ Well, then, does it say _anything_ about
the nature and capabilities of existence of that which it denominates soul
or spirit?--Yes; it says the soul is in danger of the grave, may die, be
destroyed, killed, and that the spirit may be wounded, cut off, preserved,
and so, conversely, made to perish.

It is sometimes claimed that it is not necessary that the Bible should
affirm the immortality of the soul, because it is so self-evident a fact
that it is taken for granted. But no one surely can suppose that the
immortality of the soul is more self-evident than that of Jehovah; yet the
Bible has seen fit to affirm his immortality in most direct terms. 1 Tim.
1:17: "Now unto the King eternal, _immortal_, invisible, the only wise
God, be honor and glory forever and ever. Amen." 1 Tim. 6:16: "Who only
hath _immortality_, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto;
whom no man hath seen, nor can see: to whom be honor and power
everlasting. Amen." Let, then, similar Bible testimony be found concerning
the soul; that is, that it is "immortal," or "hath immortality," and the
taken-for-granted device will not be needed.





                              Chapter Three.


THE DEAD UNCONSCIOUS.


From the fact now established that the soul is not immortal, it would
follow as an inevitable conclusion, that the dead are not conscious in the
intermediate state, and consequently cannot act the part attributed to
them in modern Spiritualism. But there are some positive statements to
which the reader's attention should be called, and some instances supposed
to prove the conscious state which should be noticed.

1. _The Dead Know not Anything._--As a sample of the way the Bible speaks
upon this question, let the reader turn to the words of Solomon, in Eccl.
9:5, 6, 10: "For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know
not anything, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them
is forgotten. Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now
perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in anything that
is done under the sun.... Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with
thy might; for there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in
the grave, whither thou goest."

This language is addressed to the real, living, intelligent, responsible
man; and how could it be plainer? On the hypothesis of the commonly
believed distinction between the soul and the body, this must be addressed
to the soul; for the body considered as the mere material instrument
through which the soul acts, is not supposed of itself to know anything.
The body, as a body, independent of the soul, does not know that it shall
die; but it is that which knows, while one is alive, that it shall die--it
is that same intelligent being that, when dead, knows not anything. But
the spirits in Spiritualism do know many things in their condition;
therefore they are not those who have once lived on this earth, and passed
off through death; for such, once dead, this scripture affirms, know not
anything--they are in a condition in which there is "no work, nor device,
nor knowledge, nor wisdom." This is a plain, straightforward, literal
statement; there is no mistaking its meaning; and if it is true, then it
is not true that the unseen agents working through Spiritualism, are the
spirits of the dead.

2. _The Spirit Returns to God._--Another passage from the same writer and
the same book, may recur to the mind of the reader, as expressing a
different and contradictory thought. Eccl. 12:7. "Then shall the dust
return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God who
gave it." A careful analysis of this passage reveals no support for
Spiritualism; for it does not say that the spirit, on returning to God, is
conscious, or is capable of coming back and communicating with mortals. It
is not denied that different component parts enter into the constitution
of man; and that these parts may be separated. Solomon himself may
therefore tell us what he means by the term "spirit" which he here uses.
He employs the same word in chapter. 3:21 of this same book, but says that
beasts have it as well as men. And then in verse 19, he explains what he
means, by saying that they (man and the lower animals) _all_ have one
_breath_. The record of man's creation in Gen. 2:7, shows that a
vitalizing principle, called the "breath of life," was necessary to be
imparted to the organized body, before man became a living being; and this
breath of life, as common to man and to all breathing animals, is
described in Gen. 7:21, 22, by the term {~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW LETTER VAV~}{~HEBREW LETTER HET~} (_ruahh_), the same word that
is used for "breath," in Eccl. 3:19, "spirit," in verse 21, and "the
spirit," which God gave to man, and which returns to God, in chapter 12:7.
Thus it is clear that reference is here made simply to the "breath of
life" which God at first imparted to man, to make him a living being, and
which he withdraws to himself, in the hour of man's death. Job states the
same fact, and describes the process, in chapter 34:14, 15: "If he [God]
set his heart upon man, if he gather _unto himself_ his [man's] spirit
[same word] and his breath; ... man shall turn again unto dust." No one
can fail to see here that Job refers to the same event of which Solomon
speaks.

And at this point the question may as well be raised, and answered, Whence
comes this spirit which is claimed to be the real man, capable of an
independent and superior existence without the body? Bodies come into
existence by natural generation; but whence comes the spirit? Is it a part
of the body? If so, it cannot be immortal; for "that which is born of the
flesh is flesh." John 3:6. Is it supplied to human beings at birth? If so,
is there a great storehouse, somewhere, of souls and spirits, ready-made,
from which the supply is drawn as fast as wanted in this world? And if so,
further, is it to be concluded that all spirits have had a pre-existence?
and then what was their condition in that state? And again, how does it
happen, on this supposition, that this spirit in each individual exhibits
so largely the mental and moral traits of the earthly parents? These
hypotheses not being very satisfactory, will it be claimed that God
creates these spirits as fast as children are born to need them? and if
so, who brings them down just in the nick of time? and by what process are
they incarnated? But if God has, by special act, created a soul or spirit
for every member of the human family since Adam, is it not a contradiction
of Gen. 2:2, which declares that _all_ God's work of creation, so far as
it pertains to this world, was _completed_ by the close of the first week
of time? Again, how many of the inhabitants of this earth are the
offspring of abandoned criminality; and can it be supposed that God holds
himself in readiness to create souls which must come from his hands pure
as the dew of heaven, to be thrust into such vile tenements, and doomed to
a life of wretchedness and woe at the bidding of defiant lust? The
irreverence of the question will be pardoned as an exposure of the
absurdity of that theory which necessitates it.

3. _The Spirits of Just Men Made Perfect._--This expression is found in
Heb. 12:23, and seems, by some, to recognize the idea that spirits can
exist without the body, and are to be treated as separate entities. Thus
interpreted it might appear to give some support to Spiritualism. But it
will by no means bear such an interpretation. The apostle is contrasting
the privileges of Christians in the present dispensation, with the
situation of believers before the coming of Christ. What he sets forth are
blessings to be enjoyed in the present tense. Yes, says one, that is just
what I believe: We are come to spirits; they are all about us, and tip and
talk and write for us at our pleasure. But hold! nothing is affirmed of
spirits separately. The whole idea must be taken in. It is the "spirits of
_just men_ made perfect;" and the participle "made perfect" agrees with
"just men," or literally "the just made perfect" ({~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}),
not with "spirits." It is the _men_ who are made perfect to whom we are
said to have come. But there are only two localities and two periods, in
which men are anywhere in the Scriptures said to be made perfect. One is
in this life and on this earth, and refers to religious experience ("Be ye
therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect");
the other is not relative, but actual and absolute, and refers to the
future immortal state when all the people of God will enter upon eternal
life together ("God having provided some better thing for us, that they
[the ancient worthies] without us should not be _made perfect_." Heb.
11:40). Thus, taken in either of the only two ways possible, the text
furnishes no proof of Spiritualism. It doubtless refers to the present
state, the expression, "spirits of just men," being simply a periphrasis
for "just men," the same as the expression, "the God of the spirits of all
flesh" (Num. 16:22), means simply "the God of all flesh," and the words
"your whole spirit, and soul, and body" (1 Thess. 5:23), means simply the
whole person.

4. _Spirits in Prison._--The apostle Peter uses an expression, which,
though perhaps not often quoted in direct defense of Spiritualism, is
relied upon extensively in behalf of the doctrine of the conscious state
of the dead, which, as already shown, is the essential basis of
Spiritualism. And such texts as these are here noticed to show to the
general reader, that the Bible contains no testimony in behalf of that
doctrine, but positively forbids it, as further quotations will soon be
introduced to show. The passage now in question is 1 Peter 3:19, where,
speaking of Christ, it says: "By which also he went and preached unto the
spirits in prison." By the use of strong assumption, and some lofty
flights of the imagination, and keeping in the background the real intent
of the passage, a picture of rather a lively time in the spirit world, can
be constructed out of this testimony. Thus the spirits are said to be the
disembodied spirits of those who were destroyed by the flood. See context.
They were in "prison," that is, in hell. When Christ was put to death upon
the cross, he immediately went by his disembodied spirit, down into hell
and preached to those conscious intelligent spirits who were there, and
continued that work till the third day when he was himself raised from the
dead. A thought will show that this picture is wrong, (1) in the time, (2)
in the condition of the people, (3) in the acting agent, and (4) in the
end to be attained. Thus, when Christ had been put to death, he was
"quickened" (or made alive), says the record, "by the Spirit." This was
certainly not a personal disembodied spirit, but that divine agency so
often referred to in the Scriptures. "By which," that is, this Spirit of
God, he went and preached. Then he did not go personally on this work. The
"spirits" were the antediluvians; for they were those who were disobedient
in the days of Noah. Now when were they preached to? Verse 20 plainly
tells us it was "_when_ once the longsuffering of God waited _in the days
of Noah_." In accordance with these statements now let another picture be
presented: Christ, by his Spirit which was in Noah (1 Peter 1:11), and
thus through Noah, preached to the spirits, or persons, in Noah's time,
who were disobedient, in order to save all from the coming flood who would
believe. They were said to be "in prison," though still living, because
they were shut up under condemnation, and had only one hundred and twenty
years granted them in which to repent or perish. Thus Christ was
commissioned to preach to men said to be in prison, because in darkness,
error, and condemnation, though they were still living in the flesh. Isa.
61:1. Dr. Adam Clarke, the eminent Methodist commentator (_in loco_),
places the going and preaching of Christ in the days of Noah, and by the
ministry of Noah for one hundred and twenty years, and not during the time
while he lay in the grave. Then he says:--


    "The word {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~} (spirits) is supposed to render this view of
    the subject improbable, because this must mean _disembodied_
    spirits; but this certainly does not follow; for the _spirits of
    just men made perfect_ (Heb. 12:23), certainly means righteous
    men, and men _still in the church militant_: and the Father of
    spirits (Heb. 12:9) means men still in the body; and the God of
    the spirits of all flesh (Num. 16:22 and 27:16), means _men, not_
    in a disembodied state."(1)


5. _Cannot Kill the Soul._--"Fear not them which kill the body, but are not
able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both
soul and body in hell." Matt. 10:28. We know what it is to kill the body;
and by association of ideas, it seems quite natural to form a like
conception of the soul as something that can be treated in the same way.
Then if the soul cannot be killed like the body, the conclusion seems easy
of adoption that it lives right on, with all sensations preserved, as it
was with the body before its death. If it were not for the pagan
definition of "soul," which here comes in to change the current of
thought, such conclusions drawn from this text would not be so prevalent;
and a little attention to the scope of Christ's teaching here will readily
correct the misapprehension. This is brought out clearly in verse 39: "He
that findeth his _life_ shall lose it: and he that loseth his _life_ for
my sake shall find it." This is easily understood. No one will question
what it is to lose his life; and Christ says that he who will do this for
his sake, shall find it. Any one who has been put to death for his faith
in the gospel has "lost his life" (had the body killed) for Christ's sake.
But Christ says, Do not fear them, even if they do this. Why?--Because ye
shall find it--the life you lost. When shall we find it?--In the
resurrection. John 6:40; Rev. 20:4-6. The expression, "shall find it,"
thus becomes the exact equivalent of the words, "are not able to kill the
soul;" that is, are not able to destroy, or prevent us from gaining that
life he has promised, if we suffer men, for his sake, to "kill the body,"
or deprive us of our present life. The correctness of this view is
demonstrated by the word employed in these instances. That word is {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA~}
(_psuche_). It is properly rendered "life" in verse 39, and improperly
rendered "soul" in verse 28. This lesson, that men should be willing to
lose their life for Christ's sake, was considered so important that it is
again mentioned in Matthew, and reiterated with emphasis by Mark, Luke,
and John; and they all use this same word {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA~}, which is rendered "life."
In one instance only in all these parallel passages have the translators
rendered it "soul;" and that is Matt. 10:28, where it is the source of all
the misunderstanding on that text.

6. _Souls Under the Altar._--As a part of the events of the fifth seal as
described in Rev. 6:9-11, John says he saw the souls of the martyrs under
the altar, and heard them crying for vengeance. If they could do that, it
is asked, cannot disembodied souls now communicate with the living? Not to
enter into a full exposition of this scripture, and the inconsistencies
such a view would involve, it is sufficient to ask if these were like the
communicating spirits of the present day. How many communications have
ever been received by modern Spiritualists from souls confined under an
altar? In glowing symbolism, John saw the dead martyrs, as if slain at the
foot of the altar; and by the figure of personification a voice was given
to them, just as Abel's blood cried to God for vengeance upon his guilty
brother (Gen. 4:10), and just as the stone is said to cry out of the wall,
and the beam out of the timber to answer it. Hab. 2:11.

7. _The Medium of Endor._--Aside from the direct teaching of the
Scriptures, it is still held by some that there are scenes narrated in the
Bible which show that the dead must be conscious. The first of these is
the case of Saul and the woman of Endor, whom he consulted in order to
communicate with the prophet Samuel, as narrated in 1 Samuel 28. Here, it
must be confessed, is brought to view an actual case of spirit
manifestation, a specimen of ancient necromancy; for the conditions,
method of procedure, and results, were just such as pertain to the same
work in our own day. But then, as now, there was no truth nor good in it,
as a brief review of the narrative will show. (1) Samuel was dead. (2)
Saul was sore pressed by the Philistines. Verse 5. (3) God had departed
from him. Verse 4. (4) He had cut off those who had familiar spirits and
wizards, out of the land, because God had forbidden their presence in the
Jewish theocracy, as an abomination. Verse 3; Lev. 19:31. (5) Yet in his
extremity he had recourse to a woman with a familiar spirit, found at
Endor. Verse 7. (6) She asked whom she should bring up, and Saul answered,
Samuel. Verse 11. (7) Saul was disguised, but the familiar spirit told the
woman it was Saul, and she cried out in alarm. Verse 12. (8) Saul
reassured her, and the woman went on with the seance. Verse 10. (9) She
announced a presence coming (not from heaven, nor the spheres, but) up out
of the earth, and at Saul's request gave a description of him, showing
that Saul did not himself see the form. Verse 13. (10) Saul "perceived"
that it was Samuel (not by actual sight, but from the woman's description;
for the Hebrew {~HEBREW LETTER YOD~}{~HEBREW LETTER RESH~}{~HEBREW LETTER AYIN~} and the Septuagint, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH OXIA~}, signify to know, or
perceive, by an operation of the mind.) Verse 14. (11) The woman supposed
it was Samuel; Saul supposed it was Samuel; and that personation is, then,
by the law of appearance, spoken of, in whatever it said or did, as
Samuel; as, "Samuel said to Saul," etc. Verse 15. (12) Was Samuel really
there as an immortal soul, a disembodied spirit, or as one raised from the
dead?--No; because (_a_) immortal souls do not come up out of the ground,
wrapped in mantles, and complain of being disquieted and brought up; (_b_)
Samuel was a holy prophet, and if he was conscious in the spirit world, he
would not present himself at the summons of a woman who was practicing
arts which God had forbidden; (_c_) God having departed from Saul, and
having refused to communicate with him on account of his sins, would not
now suffer his servant Samuel to grant him the desired communication
through a channel which he had pronounced an abomination; (_d_) Samuel was
not present by a resurrection, for the Devil could not raise him, and God
certainly would not, for such a purpose; besides Samuel was buried at
Ramah, and could not be raised at Endor; (_e_) It was only the woman's
familiar spirit, personating Samuel as he used to appear when alive--an
aged man clothed with a mantle. His object was to make both the woman and
Saul believe it was Samuel, when it was not, just as communicating spirits
to-day try to palm themselves off for what they are not. As a specimen of
ancient Spiritualism, this case is no particular honor to their cause; and
as a proof of the immortality of the soul, and the conscious state of the
dead, it is a minus quantity.

8. _The Transfiguration._--Jesus took three of his disciples, Peter, James,
and John, apart into a high mountain, and was transfigured before them;
his face became as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light, just
as it will be in the future kingdom of glory, which this scene was
designed to represent. And there then appeared Moses and Elias talking
with Christ. But Moses had died in the land of Moab nearly fifteen hundred
years before, and it is at once concluded that the only way to account for
his appearance on this occasion, is to suppose that he was still alive in
the spirit world, and could appear in a disembodied state, and talk with
Jesus as here represented. But such a conclusion is by no means necessary.
Jesus was there in person, Elias was there in person; for he had not died,
but had been translated bodily from this earth. Now it would be altogether
incongruous to suppose that the third member of this glorious trio,
apparently just as real as the others, was only a disembodied spirit; an
immaterial phantom. Unless the whole scene was merely a vision brought
before the minds of the disciples, Moses was as really there, in his own
proper person, as Jesus and Elias. But there is no way in which he could
thus be present, except by means of a resurrection from the dead; and that
he had been raised, and was there as a representative of the resurrection,
is proved, first by his actual presence on this occasion, and secondly, by
the fact that Michael (Christ, who is "the resurrection and the life,"
John 11:25) disputed with the Devil (who has the power of death, Heb.
2:14) about the body of Moses. Jude 9. There could be no other possible
ground of controversy about the body of Moses except whether or not Christ
should give it life before the general resurrection. But Christ rebuked
the Devil. Christ was not thwarted in this contest, but gave his servant
life; and thus Moses could appear personally upon the mount. This makes
the scene complete as a representation of the kingdom of God, as Peter
says it was (2 Peter 1:16-18); namely, Christ the glorified King, Elias
representing those who will be translated without seeing death, and Moses
representing those who will be raised from the dead. These two classes
embrace all the happy subjects of that kingdom. This view of the matter is
not peculiar to this book. Dr. Adam Clarke, on Matt. 17:3, says: "The body
of Moses was probably raised again, as a pledge of the resurrection."(2)
And Olshausen says: "For if we assume the reality of the _resurrection of
the body_, and its glorification,--truths which assuredly belong to the
system of Christian doctrine,--the whole occurrence presents no essential
difficulties. The appearance of Moses and Elias, which is usually held to
be the most unintelligible point in it, is as easily conceived of as
possible, if we admit their bodily glorification."

Those passages which speak of Christ as the "first-fruits," the
"first-born from the dead," the "first-born among many brethren," "of
every creature," etc., refer only to the chief and pivotal importance of
his own resurrection, as related to all others; and Acts 26:23 does not
declare that Christ should be the first one to be raised from the dead,
but that he first, by a resurrection from the dead, should show light to
the Gentiles. (See the Greek of this passage.) These scriptures therefore
prove no objection to the idea that Moses had been raised from the dead,
and as a victor over the grave, appeared with Christ upon the mount. Thus
another supposed stronghold affords no refuge for the conscious-state
theory, or for Spiritualism.

9. _The Rich Man and Lazarus._--With the features of this parable, as found
in Luke 16, which is supposed to prove the dead conscious, and
Spiritualism possible, the reader is doubtless familiar. It should ever be
borne in mind that this is a parable; and in a parable, neither the
parties nor the scenes are to be taken literally, and hence no doctrines
can be built upon such symbolic representations. But not only is it a
parable, but it is a parable based upon traditions largely entertained by
the Jews themselves in the time of Christ. Thus T. J. Hudson ("Law of
Psychic Phenomena," p. 385) says:--


    "It is a historical fact, nevertheless, that before the advent of
    Jesus, the Jews had become imbued with the Greek doctrine of
    Hades, which was an intermediate waiting station between this life
    and the judgment. In this were situated both Paradise and Gehenna,
    the one on the right, and the other on the left, and into these
    two compartments the spirits of the dead were separated, according
    to their deserts. Jesus found this doctrine already in existence,
    and in enforcing his moral precepts in his parables, he employed
    the symbols which the people understood, neither denying nor
    affirming their literal verity."


Thus Christ appealed to the people on their own ground. He took the views
and traditions which he found already among them, and arranged them into a
parable in such a way as to rebuke their covetousness, correct their
notions that prosperity and riches in this life are tokens of the favor
and approbation of God, and condemn their departure from the teachings of
Moses and the prophets. As a parable, it is not designed to show the state
of the dead, and the conditions that prevail in the spirit world. But if
any persist that it is not a parable, but a presentation of actual fact,
then the scene is laid, not in the intermediate state, but beyond the
resurrection; for it is after the angels had carried Lazarus into
Abraham's bosom. But the angels do not bear any one anywhere away from
this earth, till the second coming of Christ and the resurrection of the
dead. Matt. 24:30, 31; 1 Thess. 4:15-17. Finding no support in this
portion of scripture for the conscious-state theory, with its
spiritualistic possibilities, appeal is next made by the friends of that
theory to the case of--

10. _The Thief on the Cross._--Luke 23:39-43. When one of the malefactors
who were crucified with Jesus, requested to be remembered when he should
come into his kingdom, according to the record in the common version, the
Lord replied, "To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise." To go from death
into paradise the same day, means to go into the spirit world without a
body, or discarnated, as Spiritualists claim. And so it would be if such
was Christ's promise to the thief; but it was not.

The little adverb "to-day" holds the balance of power as to the meaning of
this text. If it qualifies Christ's words, "Verily I say unto thee," it
gives one idea; if it qualifies the words, "Thou shalt be with me in
paradise," we have another and very different idea. And how shall the
question of its relationship be decided?--It can be done only by the
punctuation.

Here another difficulty confronts us; for the Greek was originally written
in a solid line of letters, without any punctuation, or even division into
words. Such being the case, the punctuation, and the relation of the
qualifying word "to-day," must be determined by the context. Now it is a
fact that Christ did not go to paradise that day. He died, and was placed
in the tomb, and the third day rose from the dead. Mary was the first to
meet him, and sought to worship him. But he said, "Touch me not, for I am
not yet ascended to my Father." John 20:17. Paradise is where the Father
is (see 2 Cor. 12:2-4; Rev. 2:7; 22:1, 2), and if Christ had not been to
his Father when Mary met him the third day after his crucifixion, he had
not then been to paradise; therefore it is not possible that he made a
promise to the thief on the day of his crucifixion, that he should be with
him _that_ day in paradise.

But further, the day of the crucifixion was the day before the Sabbath;
and it was not lawful to leave criminals on the cross during that day.
John 19:31. If they were still living when the time came to take them from
the cross, they were taken down, and their legs were broken to prevent
their escape. The soldiers on this occasion broke the legs of the two
thieves, because they were still alive; "but when they came to Jesus and
saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs." Verses 32, 33. The
thief therefore lived over into the next day.

Thus there are two absolutely insuperable objections against allowing the
adverb, "to-day," to qualify Christ's promise, "Thou shalt be with me in
paradise:" (1) Christ did not go to paradise that day; and (2) The thief
did not die that day. Before these facts the conscious-state argument
built upon this incident, vanishes into thin air. Just place the comma (a
punctuation mark not invented till 1490) after "to-day" instead of before
it, and let that word qualify the verb "say" and emphasize the time when
it was spoken, and all is harmonious. The thief's request did not pertain
to that day, but looked forward to the time when Christ should come into
his kingdom; and Christ's promise did not pertain to that day, but to the
time in the thief's request; so he did not falsify it by not going to his
Father for three days afterward. The thief is quietly slumbering in the
tomb; but Christ is soon coming into his kingdom. Then the thief will be
remembered, be raised from the dead, and be with Christ in that paradise
into which he will then introduce all his people. Thus all is as clear as
a sunbeam, when the text is freed from the bungling tinkering of men.

The strongest texts and incidents which are appealed to in defense of the
conscious-state theory, have now been examined. If these do not sustain
it, nothing can be found in the Bible which will sustain it. All are
easily harmonized with these. Thus in Paul's desire to "depart and be with
Christ" (Phil. 1:23), he does not there tell us _when_ he will be with
Christ; but he does tell us in many other places; and it is at the
resurrection and the coming of Christ. Phil. 3:11; 1 Thess. 4:16, 17. When
he speaks of our being clothed upon with our house from heaven (2 Cor.
5:2), he tells us that it is when "mortality" is "swallowed up of life."
But that is only at the last trump. 1 Cor. 15:51-54. If we are told about
the woman who had had seven husbands (Matt. 22:23-28), no hint is given of
any reunion till after the resurrection. If God calls himself "not the God
of the dead, but of the living" (Matt. 22:32), it is because he speaks of
"those things that be not as though they were" (Rom. 4:17), and the
worthies of whom this is spoken, are sure to live again (Heb. 11:15, 16),
and hence are now spoken of as alive in his sight, because they are so in
his purpose. Texts which speak of the departure and return of the soul
(Gen. 35:18; 1 Kings 17:21, 22), are referable to the "breath of life,"
which is the meaning of the word in these instances rendered "soul."

Three passages only have been referred to, which declare positively that
the dead know not anything. It was thought preferable to answer certain
objections, before introducing further direct testimony. But there are
many such passages, a few more of which will now be presented, as a
fitting conclusion to this branch of the subject. The reader's careful
attention is invited to a few of the various texts, and the conclusions
that follow therefrom.

1. _Death and Sleep._--Death, in numerous passages is compared to sleep, in
contrast with the wakeful condition. See Ps. 13:3; Job 7:21; John 11:11;
Acts 7:60; 1 Cor. 11:30; 15:51; 1 Thess. 4:14; etc. But there is only one
feature in sleep by virtue of which it can be taken as a figure of death;
and that is, the condition of unconsciousness which shuts up the avenues
of one's senses to all one's environment. If one is not thus unconscious
in death, the figure is false, and the comparison illogical and
misleading.

2. _Thoughts Perish._--So David testifies: "Put not your trust in princes,
nor in the son of man, in whom there is no help. His breath goeth forth,
he returneth to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish." Ps.
146:3, 4. The word "thoughts" does not here mean simply the projects and
purposes one has in view, which do often fail, when the author of them
dies, but it is from a root which means the act of thinking, the operation
of the mind; and in death, that entirely ceases. It cannot therefore be
the dead who come out of the unseen with such intelligence as is shown in
Spiritualism.

3. _Job's Statement._--Speaking of a dead man, Job (14:21) says: "His sons
come to honor, and he knoweth it not; and they are brought low, but he
perceiveth it not of them." If the dead cannot take cognizance of matters
of so much interest as these, how can they communicate with the living as
the spirits do?

4. _No Remembrance of God._--David, in Ps. 6:5 and 115:17, again testifies:
"For in death there is no remembrance of thee: in the grave who shall give
thee thanks?" "The dead praise not the Lord, neither any that go down into
silence." Is it possible that any righteous man, if he is living and
conscious after going into the grave, would not praise and give thanks to
the Lord?

5. _Hezekiah's Testimony._--Hezekiah was sick unto death. Isa. 38:1. But he
prayed, and the Lord added to his days fifteen years. Verse 5. For this he
praised the Lord, and gave his reasons for so doing in the following words
(verses 18, 19): "For the grave cannot praise thee, death cannot celebrate
thee: they that go down into the pit cannot hope for thy truth. The
living, the living, he shall praise thee, as I do this day." This is a
clear affirmation that in death he would not be able to do what he was
able to do while living.

6. _New Testament Evidence._--The New Testament bears a corresponding
testimony on this subject. None will be saved except such as Christ raises
up at the last day. John 6:39, 40. No one is to receive any reward before
the resurrection. Luke 14:14; 2 Tim. 4:8. No one can enter God's kingdom
before being judged; but there is no execution of judgment before the
coming of Christ. 2 Tim. 4:1; Acts 17:31; Luke 19:35; etc. If there is no
avenue to a future life by a resurrection, then all who have gone down in
death are perished. 1 Cor. 15:18. Such texts utterly forbid the idea of
consciousness and activity, on the part of any of the human family, in
death.

This part of the subject need not be carried further. It has been dwelt
upon so fully simply because of its determinate bearing on the question
under discussion. Spiritualism rests its whole title to credence on the
claim that the intelligences which manifest themselves are the spirits of
the dead. The Bible says that they are _not_ the spirits of the dead. Then
if the Bible is true, the whole system rests upon deception and falsehood.
No one who believes this will tamper with Spiritualism. One cannot have
Spiritualism and the Bible, too. One or the other must be given up. But he
who still holds on to the theory that the dead are conscious, contrary to
the testimony of the Scriptures has no shield against the Spiritualistic
delusion, and the danger is that he will sooner or later throw the Bible
away.





                              Chapter Four.


THEY ARE EVIL ANGELS.


As the Bible plainly shows what the spirits which communicate are _not_,
it just as clearly reveals also what they _are_; so that in no particular
is one left to conjecture or guesswork. There is an order of beings
brought to view in the Scriptures, above man but lower than God or Christ,
called "angels." No Bible believer questions the existence of such beings.
It is sometimes asserted that angels are departed human spirits; but this
cannot be; for they appear upon the stage of action before a single human
being had died, or a disembodied spirit could have existed. When the world
was created, Job declares that "the morning stars sang together, and all
the sons of God shouted for joy." These are two of the names applied to
these beings, but they are also known by a number of others. They are 167
times called angels; 61 times, angel of the Lord; 8 times, angel of God;
17 times, his angels; 41 times, cherub and cherubim. There are also such
names as seraphim, chariots, God's hosts, watchers, holy ones, thrones,
dominions, principalities and powers,--all referring to the different
orders of these heavenly beings.

A part of this host fell into sin, and thereby became evil, or fallen,
angels. A reasonable statement of how this came about can be given, but no
reason for the act itself. Sin cannot be explained. To explain it would be
to give a reason for it; and to give a reason for it would be to excuse
it; and then it would cease to be sin. In the beginning a condition
existed which was in itself right and essential; but which nevertheless
made sin possible. It is one of the inevitable conditions of the highest
glory of God, that all his creatures should serve him from choice, under
the law of love, and not by compulsion, as a machine, under the law of
necessity. To secure this end, they must be made free moral agents. Thus
to angels was given the freedom of the will, the same as to man. They were
in a state of purity and happiness, with every condition favorable for a
continuance in that condition; but in the free choices of their free
wills, they of course had the power, if they should unaccountably see fit
so to use it, to turn away from truth and right, and rebel against God.
This some of them did. So we find Jude speaking of "the angels that kept
not their first estate" (Jude 6), and Peter, of "the angels that sinned"
(2 Peter 2:4); and these they further declare, were cast down to Tartarus,
and are reserved in everlasting chains under darkness, unto the judgment
of the great day.

There must have been to this rebellion an instigator and leader; and we
accordingly find the Bible speaking of such a personage; the whole company
being described as "the Devil and his angels." Our Lord pointed out this
leader in evil, and his work, in John 8:44: "Ye are of your Father the
Devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the
beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him.
When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar and the
father of it." This reveals the great facts in his case. He abode not in
the truth. Then he was once in the truth; and as he is a liar, and the
father of it, he was the first one to depart from truth and introduce
falsehood and evil into the universe of God.

In Isaiah (14:12-14) this being is addressed as Lucifer, or the day-star;
and the prophet exclaims, "How art thou fallen from heaven, 0 Lucifer, son
of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken
the nations!" The following verses indicate that the nature of his
transgression was self-exaltation and pride of heart: "For thou hast said
in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above
the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in
the sides of the north: I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I
will be like the Most High." Paul, in 1 Tim. 3:6, intimates that it was
this pride that caused the ruin of this once holy being. Of an elder he
says that he must not be a novice, "lest being lifted up with pride he
fall into the condemnation of the Devil," or that sin for which the Devil
was condemned.

In Ezekiel 28, Satan is again spoken of under the pseudonym of "the prince
of Tyrus." Verse 2 shows his pride: "Because thine heart is lifted up, and
thou hast said, I am a God, I sit in the seat of God," etc. Verses 12-15
describe his beauty, wisdom, and apparel, and his exalted office as a high
cherub, before his sin and fall. Verse 15 reads: "Thou wast perfect in thy
ways from the day thou wast created, till iniquity was found in thee."

These passages give us a sufficient idea of the origin of Satan and how
such an incarnation of evil has come to exist. The Tartarus into which he
and his angels were cast, according to Peter, is defined by leading
lexicographers, as meaning the dark, void, interplanetary spaces,
surrounding the world. Using the serpent as a medium, this apostate angel,
thus cast out, plied our first parents with his temptation by preaching to
them the immortality of the soul, "Thou shalt not surely die," and alas!
seduced them also into rebellion. The dominion which was given to Adam
(Gen. 1:28), Adam thus alienated to Satan, by becoming his servant; for
Paul says, "Know ye not, that to whom ye yield yourselves servants to
obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey?" Rom. 6:16. Now, consequently,
such titles as "prince of this world," "prince of the power of the air,"
"god of this world," etc., are applied to him, because he has by fraud
usurped that place. John 14:30; Eph. 2:2; 2 Cor. 4:4. He, of course,
employs "his angels" to co-operate with him in his nefarious work.

Thus clearly do we have set before us just the agencies,--the Devil and his
angels,--which are adapted, both by nature and inclination, to carry on
just such a work as is seen in Spiritualism. But how do we know, some one
may ask, but that Spiritualism is the work of the good angels?--We know
that it is not, because good angels do not lie. They never would come to
men, professing to be the spirits of their dead friends, and imitate and
personate them to deceive, knowing that the mediums did not know, and
could not ascertain that they were altogether another and different order
of beings. But the evil angels, led by the father of lies, and cradled,
and drilled, and skilled, and polished, in the school of lying, would be
delighted to deceive men in this very way, by pretending to be their dead
friends, and then by working upon their affections and love for the ones
they could skilfully personate, bring them under their influence and lead
them captive at their will.

These evil angels are experts in deception. They have had six thousand
years' experience. They are well acquainted with the human family. They
can read character. They study temperament. They acquaint themselves
minutely with personal history. They know a thousand things which only
they and the individual they are trying to ensnare, are aware of. They
know many things beyond the knowledge of men. They can easily carry the
news of the decease of a friend, and the description of a death-bed scene,
to other friends thousands of miles away, and months before the truth
through ordinary channels can reach them, so that when it is verified,
their influence over them may be increased. (See page 23.)

There is nothing that has yet taken place, of however inexplicable a
nature, and nothing which even the imagination may anticipate, which is
not, and will not be, easily attributable to these unseen angels. They are
lying spirits; for the fundamental principle on which they are acting is a
lie; but they tell enough truth to sway and captivate the minds of men. It
matters not how sacred the field in which they tread, nor how hallowed the
associations which they invade, they press into every spot where it is
possible, by spinning another thread, to strengthen their web of
deception.

And in what dulcet and siren tones they woo their victims to lay aside all
resistance to their influence, to become receptive and passive, and yield
themselves to their control; and when they have them thus helpless in
their arms, they deliberately and cruelly instil into their minds the
virus of ungovernable lust, the leprosy of unconquerable rebellion against
the government of Heaven. That this language does not misrepresent nor
slander them, will be shown from their own testimony, before the close of
this book.

The thought is not overlooked that many even of those who do not profess
to be Spiritualists, deny the existence of any such being as a personal
Devil, or of personal evil angels, his agents. He is no doubt well pleased
with this, as such people can the more easily be made the victims of his
wiles. But these same persons would no doubt acknowledge the existence, as
real beings, of God, Christ, and the good angels. This fact being
established, by parity of reasoning the Devil and his angels become real
beings also. The same arguments which show that God and Christ exist as
personal beings may be used to show that the Devil and his angels are
personal beings also. He who denies that there is a personal Devil, must
be prepared also to deny that there is a personal Christ. So far as the
argument for personal existence is concerned, Christ and good angels stand
on one side of the equation, and the Devil and his angels on the other;
and whoever would rub out the one, must rub out the other also.

Christ said that he "beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven." Luke
10:18. John in the Revelation (12:7) beheld a war in heaven. "Michael
[Christ] and his angels fought against the dragon [Satan]; and the dragon
fought, and his angels." On the ground that there is no Devil, this would
be a wonderful battle--Christ and his angels, who are real beings, fighting
furiously against myths and nonentities which have not even the substance
of a phantom.

To endorse the doctrine of a personal Devil, is not to endorse the grossly
absurd caricatures conjured up by morbid imaginations, and popular
theology,--a being with bat's wings, horns, hoofs, and a dart-pointed tail.
Yet upon such pictorial fables he doubtless looks with complacency; as
they are calculated still further to destroy faith in his existence, and
enable him the better to cover his tracks and carry on his work among men.
Nevertheless the only rational hypothesis on which to account for the
present condition of this world (which every one must admit is full of
devilishness), the existence of evil, and the presence of sickness,
suffering, and death, is the account the Bible gives us of fallen angels
and fallen men. Unfallen angels are beings of mighty power. One of them
slew in one night 185,000 Assyrians (2 Kings 19:35); and the one who
appeared at the time of Christ's resurrection had a countenance like the
lightning, and raiment white as snow, and before him the keepers of the
tomb fell like dead men. Matt. 28:3, 4. A fall from their high estate,
though it would impair their strength and power, cannot be supposed to
have wholly deprived them of these qualities; therefore the fallen angels
still have capabilities far superior to those of men. The only defense
mankind has against them is found in Christ, who circumscribes their power
(for they are kept in chains, 2 Peter 2:4), and makes provision by which
we may resist them. Eph. 6:11; James 4:6-8; 1 John 5:18. The question why
they are permitted to continue finds solution in the thought that God is
consistently giving to sin time and opportunity to develop itself, fully
show its nature, and manifest its works, to all created intelligences, so
that when it shall finally be wiped out of existence, with all its
originators, aiders, and abetters, as in God's purpose it is to be (Rev.
20:14, 15; 2 Peter 3:7, 13; Rev. 5:13), there will ever after remain an
object-lesson sufficient to safe-guard the universe against a repetition
of the evil. Only some 6000 years are allotted to this work of evil; and
6000 years are as nothing compared with eternity.




Warnings Against Evil Spirits.


The Scriptures plainly point out the working of these agents of
wickedness, and warn us against them. In 1 Tim. 4:1, we read: "Now the
Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from
the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils." This
shows that these spirits make it an object to seduce, or deceive, to draw
men away from the true faith, and cause them to receive, instead, the
doctrines they teach, which are called "doctrines of devils;" and this
scripture is written to put men on their guard against them.

Again Paul says: "For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against
principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this
world, against spiritual wickedness [margin, 'wicked spirits'] in high
places." Eph. 6:12. And he adjures his readers to put on the whole armor
of God to be able to resist them.

The apostle Peter exhorts to the same purpose: "Be sober, be vigilant;
because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about,
seeking whom he may devour: whom resist steadfast in the faith." 1 Peter
5:8, 9. If our ears do not deceive us, a good deal of this roaring is
heard in the ranks of Spiritualists, where, by invisible rapping, agitated
furniture, clairvoyance, clairaudience, writing, speaking, marvels, and
wonders, he seeks to set the world on tiptoe of curiosity and expectation,
and bewilder men into a departure from the faith and the acceptance of the
doctrines of devils. He is cunning enough not to "roar" in a way to
frighten and repel, but only to attract attention, and lead multitudes,
through an overweening curiosity and wonder at the marvels, to come
thoughtlessly within the sphere of his influence.

The prophet Isaiah also has something to say directly upon this subject:
"And when they shall say unto you, Seek unto them that have familiar
spirits, and unto wizards that peep, and that mutter: should not a people
seek unto their God? for the living to the dead?" Isa. 8:19. That is, is
it consistent for living people to go to dead ones for their knowledge?
The following verse shows where we should go for light and truth: "To the
law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it is
because there is no light in them." The time has certainly come when many
are saying just what the text points out, and seeking to the dead, to
familiar spirits, and wizards, for knowledge. Those practices which in the
Bible are enumerated as "charming," "enchantment," "sorcery,"
"witchcraft," "necromancy," "divination," "consulting with familiar
spirits," etc., are more or less related, and are all really from one
source. So in modern times different names indicate substantially the same
thing. Thus Mr. Hudson, in "Psychic Phenomena," p. v, says:--


    "It has, however, long been felt by the ablest thinkers of our
    time that all psychic manifestations of the human intellect,
    normal or abnormal, whether designated by the name of mesmerism,
    hypnotism, somnambulism, trance, spiritism, demonology, miracle,
    mental therapeutics, genius, or insanity, are in some way
    related."


Seven, at least, of the foregoing names are no doubt in the warp and woof
of Spiritualism; and he might have added mind-reading and Christian
Science. And Spiritualists admit that their work is the same as that
described by the Bible terms above quoted. Thus, Allen Putnam, a
Spiritualistic writer, says:--


    "The doctrine that the oracles, soothsaying, and witchcraft of
    past ages were kindred to these manifestations of our day, I, for
    one, most fully believe."


In a pamphlet by the same author, entitled, "Mesmerism, Spiritualism,
Witchcraft, and Miracle," p. 6, he says:--


    "As seen by me now, Mesmerism, Spiritualism, Witchcraft, Miracles,
    all belong to one family, all have a common root, and are
    developed by the same laws."


To all these, therefore, the text under notice (Isa. 8:19, 20) applies. We
are to bring them to the standard of "the law and the testimony," and "if
they speak not according to this word ... there is no light in them." The
living should not seek to the dead.

In Rev. 16:13, 14, the same spirits are again brought to view, and called
"unclean spirits," and "spirits of devils." Their last work of deception
is to go forth to the kings of the earth, and of the whole world, to
gather them to the battle of the great day of God Almighty. Thus all that
is revealed of them from beginning to end (and scriptures might be
multiplied on the point) furnishes the most cogent reason why all should
be keenly awake to their existence and their work, and be ever watchful
against their influence and approach.





                              Chapter Five.


WHAT THE SPIRITS TEACH.


It has been shown in the preceding chapters that the unseen "controls"
(the beings who control the mediums) in Spiritualism, are not the spirits
of the dead, but are fallen angels or spirits of devils. This fact will be
confirmed by a brief glance at some of their teachings; for we are to
remember that if they speak not according to the law and the testimony
there is no light in them. It matters not that what they teach may be
supported by signs and wonders beyond the comprehension of the human mind.
That is no guarantee of truth; for such phenomena are to be wrought, as
will soon be shown, to prove a lie. The Lord anciently put his people on
their guard in this respect. Deut. 13:1-3, 5: "If there arise among you a
prophet, or a dreamer of dreams, and giveth thee a sign or a wonder, and
the sign or the wonder come to pass, whereof he spake unto thee, saying,
Let us go after other gods, which thou hast not known, and let us serve
them; thou shalt not hearken unto the words of that prophet, or that
dreamer of dreams: for the Lord your God proveth you, to know whether ye
love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul." "And
that prophet, or that dreamer of dreams, shall be put to death; because he
hath spoken to turn you away from the Lord your God, ... out of the way
which the Lord thy God commanded thee to walk in."

Thus the fact that one who professed to be a prophet could perform a sign
or wonder, showing his connection with some unseen power, was not enough
to shield him from condemnation and punishment, if what he undertook to
prove by that sign or wonder was contrary to the truth, and tended to lead
away from God. The teaching of any system is an important part of the
fruit it bears; and by that, according to our Lord's own rule, we are to
judge it, and not by any power or mighty works connected with it, however
wonderful they may be.

"'Tis not the broad phylactery
  Nor stubborn fasts, nor stated prayers
That make us saints. We judge the tree
  By what it bears."
--_Alice Carey._

It is therefore pertinent to look sufficiently at the teachings of the
spirits to ascertain their character. Here we shall find some most
damaging testimony; for--

1. _They Deny God._--It is no pleasure to transcribe the utterances of
practical atheism; yet enough should be given to show what they teach on
the great fundamental principles of Christianity. At a seance, reported in
the _Banner of Light_, July 11, 1868, the following questions were
addressed to the spirits, and the accompanying answers received:--


    "_Ques._--It is said in the Bible that man is made in the image of
    God. Please tell us what that image is.


    "_Ans._--He is made in the image of everything that ever was, that
    is, or that ever shall be. He holds within his caliber everything
    that exists, that ever has existed, or that ever will exist. Now,
    God is included in this. If he exists at all, he exists everywhere
    (and we have taken in everything), every place, every name, every
    condition. I believe that the human stands above all things else,
    and holds within its embrace all the past, present, and future. In
    this sense he is created and exists in the image of God.


    "_Q._--What is God essentially?


    "_A._--Everything. Essentially you are God, and I am God--the
    flowers, the grass, the pebbles, the stars, the moon, the sun,
    everything is God."


The Devil, through the serpent in the garden, taught Adam and Eve that the
soul is immortal, and has transfused the same idea very successfully
through paganism, Romanism, and Protestantism; but he also said, "Ye shall
be as gods;" and now, it seems, he is trying to make the world swallow
this other leg of his falsehood; but by putting it forth under the form of
the old pagan pantheism, that everything is God, and God is everything, he
betrays the lie he uttered in Eden; for in that case, Adam and Eve were no
more gods after they ate than they were before.

Another seance, reported in the _Banner_ about twenty years later than the
one quoted above, April 28, 1888; an inquirer addressed to the "spirits" a
question about God, and received answer, a portion of which is presented
below:--


    "_Ques._--Some Spiritualists, I learn, believe in a God; otherwise
    they would not pray to him--taking for granted that there is such a
    being. Please enlighten us.


    "_Ans._--We have yet to come in contact with a thorough
    Spiritualist, one who understands something of spiritual life and
    the revelations made by returning spirits, who directly believes
    in a personal God. True, many Spiritualists and many returning
    spirits offer their invocations to the 'Great Supreme Spirit of
    all life and intelligence,' not because they expect to change the
    order of law, or to come into direct communication with, or
    nearness to, a Great Supreme Being, clothed in the image of man,
    but because they desire to enter an atmosphere of harmony, to
    uplift their own souls to a plane of thought which will bring
    spiritual inspiration to their minds. We make a distinction
    between that Great Supreme Overruling Force which we may call the
    Superior Spirit of Intelligence, Wisdom, and Love, and the
    personal Deity, clothed in the image of man, gigantic in stature,
    jealous and revengeful by nature, which has been set up and
    worshiped as the Christian Jehovah. We know of no Spiritualist--let
    us repeat it--who believes in such a personal God; but we can
    believe and accept the idea, though it may pass beyond almost our
    finite comprehension, that there is a grand universal Spirit
    permeating all forms of existence; that this great source of
    light, of activity and vitality vibrates with intelligence, and
    that it is superior to all organic forms, however grand they may
    prove to be."


The same views have been taught all along by the "spirits" of
Spiritualism, as could be shown by extracts dating as far back as 1858,
only ten years after the "Rochester Knockings." And though Spiritualism is
now assuming more of the sedate speech of organized Christianity, the
spirits do not modify their teaching in respect to God. In "Automatic, or
Spirit, Writing," p. 148 (1896), are given many messages from the spirits
through the mediumship of Mrs. S. A. Underwood, wife of the editor of the
_Philosophical Journal_, Chicago. The "spirits" set forth their teaching
in answer to questions by the medium, some of which have reference to God,
though his name is not used. Thus on page 148, this conversation is
given:--


    "_Ques._--You often in these communications speak of the binding
    laws of spiritual life--that because of them you cannot give us
    such and such information, etc. Now who makes those laws, and
    whence came they, and how are they taught?


    "_Ans._--Thou say'st 'who'--therefore we cannot answer. Go back to
    the first question and ask one at a time.


    "_Q._--Well, who makes the laws?


    "_A._--Spirits are not bondaged by _persons_.


    "_Q._--Then how do you come to know those laws?


    "_A._--Pharos will now answer. Spiritual laws are spiritually
    perceived, as soon as the physical perceptions are got rid of.


    "_Q._--Could you explain to us those laws?


    "_A._--Courses of teaching from our side are as necessary for you
    to understand even the rudimentary laws of Being, as courses in
    your colleges; and guessed-at spirit knowledge from your bounded
    view must always fail in accurate wording."


It will be perceived that the answers to these questions are, from the
beginning, evasive; but the real idea entertained clearly shines through
the thin veil drawn over to conceal it. The questions pertain to the
source, or authorship, of the "laws of spiritual life;" and this would
generally be understood to be God. But on a technicality the spirits
refuse to answer. The question is made plainer, and the answer is that
"spirits are not bondaged by _persons_;" that is to say that spirits have
nothing to do with personalities, and that no personal being has anything
to do with those laws. There is therefore no God who formulates and
promulgates them. No wonder the question followed, how they came to know
these laws; and it was a very convenient answer that we will know when we
get there and have lost all physical perceptions. A desire for some
explanation of those laws is met with the not very satisfactory
information that they (the spirits) would have to give those in our sphere
a course of teaching, like a college course, before we could understand
even the rudimentary laws of Being. The only thing clear in all this is
that there is no God; at least no personal God such as the Bible reveals.
To the "grand whole," whatever that may be, they give the name of the "All
of Being." In answer to a question concerning "personalities," they are
called "atoms emanating from the same source--parts of the great All of
Being, partaking of the general characteristics of the grand whole."--_Page
149._

Reader, how does all this compare in your own mind with the God of the
Bible, the Creator of all things, the loving Father of us all, who has for
his creatures more tender regard and pity than a father can feel for his
own children, whose very name and nature is Love, and who has purposed
infinite good for all men, and will carry it out unless they, as free
moral agents, by their own sin, prevent his doing for them what he desires
to do? The Bible is not responsible for the aspersions cast upon God by a
false theology, which misrepresent his character and give occasion for the
charges of vindictiveness and vengeance and awful tyranny, so freely made
by fallen angels and wicked men. They do not belong to him who is the
source of all goodness and mercy; and we would labor to bring those who
have perverted views of God back to a right conception of the great Friend
of sinners, as he has revealed himself in his holy word.

2. _They Deny Jesus Christ._--Christ is revealed as the divine Son of the
Father; and to deny that he was or is any more than any other man is
surely to deny him; and the scripture says that "whosoever denieth the
Son, the same hath not the Father." 1 John 2:23. The following is what the
"spirits" began to teach in the earliest stages of Spiritualism concerning
Christ:--


    "What is the meaning of the word Christ?--'Tis not, as generally
    supposed, the Son of the Creator of all things. Any just and
    perfect being is Christ. The crucifixion of Christ is nothing more
    than the crucifixion of the spirit, which all have to contend with
    before becoming perfect and righteous. The miraculous conception
    of Christ is merely a fabulous tale."--_Spiritual Telegraph, No.
    37._


How fully does this declaration that any good man is Christ open the way
for the fulfilment of the Saviour's prophecy that in the last days many
false Christs and false prophets shall arise, and shall deceive many. See
Matt. 24:24. A prospectus of the _Truth Seeker_ contained these words: "It
shall be the organ through which the christs of the last dispensation will
choose to speak."

A little later, July 19, 1862, there was published in the _Banner of
Light_ a lecture on Spiritualism by Mrs. C. L. V. Hatch, in which she
spoke of Christ as follows:--


    "Of Jesus of Nazareth, personally, we have but little to say.
    Certain it is, we find sufficient that is divine in his life and
    teachings, without professing to believe in the fables of
    theologians respecting his birth and parentage. We are content to
    take the simple record as it stands, and to regard him as the son
    of Joseph and Mary, endowed with such purity and harmony of
    character as fitted him to be the Apostle and Revelator of the
    highest wisdom ever taught to man. It is the fundamental article
    in the creed of modern Christianity, that Jesus was divine in his
    nature, and of miraculous origin and nativity. Now, no human being
    of ordinary intelligence, unwarped by educational bias, would ever
    profess to believe in such a monstrous figment, which only shows
    the blindness of superstitious prejudice."


Here is something twenty-four years later. A seance reported in the
_Banner of Light_, Oct. 9, 1886, gives the following questions and
answer:--


    "_Ques._--Do 'spirits' generally believe in the divinity of Jesus
    Christ; that he was the Son of God; that he was crucified, dead,
    and buried, and rose again the third day for the saving of all who
    should believe in him?


    "_Ans._--No; spirits generally--advanced spirits, those who are
    intelligent, having studied deeply into the principles of life--do
    not accept the theory of the divinity of Jesus Christ; they do not
    believe that he was crucified for mankind, in the accepted
    understanding of that term."


Some years ago a class was formed in New York City for the purpose of
investigating what is called the spiritual philosophy. Before that class,
Dr. Weisse said:--


    "Friend Orton seems to make rather light of the communications
    from spirits concerning Christ. It seems, nevertheless, that all
    the testimony received from advanced spirits only shows that
    Christ was a medium and reformer in Judea; that he now is an
    advanced spirit in the sixth sphere; but that he never claimed to
    be God, and does not at present. I have had two communications to
    that effect. I have also read some that Dr. Hare had. If I am
    wrong in my views of the Bible, I should like to know it, for the
    spirits and mediums _do not contradict me_."


The peculiar insult here purposely offered to the Saviour will be
appreciated when it is noted that at about the same time the spirits
located Thomas Paine, the well-known skeptic, in the seventh sphere, one
sphere above that of Christ. He must therefore have progressed very
rapidly, seeing he so quickly surpassed Christ, who had over 1700 years
the start of him.

Before the same class Dr. Hare is reported to have spoken as follows,
which we give without assuming any responsibility for the spiritual
grammar therein exhibited:--


    "He said that he had been thus protected from deception by the
    spirits of Washington and Franklin, and that they had brought
    Jesus Christ to him, with whom he had also communicated. He had
    first repelled him as an impostor; but became convinced afterward
    that it was really him. He related that he had learned from that
    high and holy spirit, that he was not the character that
    Christendom had represented him to be, and not responsible for the
    errors connected with his name, but that he was, while on earth, a
    medium of high and extraordinary powers, and that it was solely
    through his mediumistic capabilities that he attained so great
    knowledge, and was enabled to practice such apparent wonders."


When Christ was upon earth, it was envy, jealousy, and malice that moved
the Pharisees against him (Matt 27:18); and it seems that he is followed
by the same feelings in the spirit world. This is natural; for he who
fired the hearts of the Pharisees with their malignant spirit, is the same
one, as we have seen, who is working through the powers of darkness in the
unseen world to-day. Any way to degrade Christ in the minds of men to a
level with, or below, the mediums of our time, and make it appear that
they can do as great wonders as he, seems to be the object in view.

There is plainly manifest an irrepressible desire on the part of spirits
and mediums to show Christ to be inferior to the leaders of other great
religions of the world, as Buddha, Confucius, Zoroaster, etc. Thus, at a
seance held in 1864 (_Banner of Light_, June 4), the spirits were
questioned as follows:--


    "_Ques._--Have you ever seen Confucius or Zoroaster?


    "_Ans._--Yes, many times.


    "_Q._--In the order of degree, which stands the higher in moral
    excellence--Jesus Christ, Confucius, or Zoroaster?


    "_A._--Confucius stands in morality higher than the other two....
    Jesus himself claims to have been inspired to a large extent, by
    this same Confucius. And if we are to place reliance upon the
    records concerning each individual, we shall find that Jesus spoke
    the truth when he tells us that he was inspired by Confucius."


Indeed! Where are the records referred to? Where and when did Jesus
"speak" the words attributed to him? And where does he tell _us_, that he
was inspired by Confucius? So we are to believe, are we, that the gospel
of Jesus Christ, is only a rehash of what was originally wrought out in
the brain of Confucius, and not words fresh from the fountain of light
given him by his Father in heaven, to speak, as he claimed them to be? Yet
he was a high and _holy_ medium. We wonder what standard of holiness and
perfection the spirits can have.

But still later, in 1896, we find the spirits putting forth the same
teaching in reference to Jesus Christ. In "Automatic, or Spirit Writing,"
pp. 148, 149, we have this:--


    "_Ques._--Do you accept Jesus as the model of spiritual knowledge?


    "_Ans._--Shall you give us a better example?


    "_Q._--Well, we are willing to accept him as one of many, but not
    as chief.


    "_A._--Change the name. Call him by other names--Buddha, Krishna, or
    Mohammed, the spirit is one--is ever and ever the same. Spirit is
    one, not many, however often the name is changed.


    "_Q._--Were not Jesus, Buddha, and Mohammed distinct personalities?


    "_A._--No more than all atoms emanating from the same source--parts
    of the great All of Being, partaking of the general
    characteristics of the grand whole--but yielding to environments,
    showed marked individualism, such as the force of the times in
    which they appeared would create in their characters.


    "_Q._--Are these leaders of religious thought not distinct
    individualities now?


    "_A._--No, not on spiritual planes, which do not recognize any
    now."


Thus they persist in denying that Jesus holds any pre-eminent position as
a religious teacher. He may as well be called Buddha, Krishna, or Mohammed
as Jesus. They are all the same spirit, all atoms of the great "All of
Being," all as much alike as three drops of water from the same ocean, and
what is more bewildering still, they have now all lost their individuality
in the spirit world. How, then, can it be told that Christ is in the sixth
sphere, and Paine in the seventh? Such teachers, though they may claim to
be good spirits, are branded as antichrist by both John and Jude. John
says: "Who is a liar but he that denieth that Jesus is the Christ? He is
antichrist that denieth the Father and the Son." 1 John 2:22. Again,
"Every spirit that confesseth not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh
is not of God." 1 John 4:3. According to the spirits, Jesus Christ has no
more come in the flesh than have Buddha, Mohammed, Confucius, Zoroaster,
or any other religious teacher. They all simply yielded to their
environments, and showed marked individualism while on this earth, and
have now become absorbed in the "great whole" in the spirit world. Thus,
as Jude says (verse 4), they deny "the only Lord God, and our Lord Jesus
Christ."

So much for their denial of Christ in his person. They also deny him in
his offices; for to deny and ridicule what he came to do, is one of the
most effectual ways of denying him. The great work of Christ was the
shedding of his blood to atone for the sins of the world; and the spirits
are particularly bitter in denouncing that idea. If such sentiments were
uttered only by open and professed scoffers, it would not do so much harm;
but it is not unusual to find those bearing the title of "Reverend"
descanting on these themes in a manner to show themselves antichrist,
according to the definition of that term by John. And even this need not
surprise us; for the sure word of prophecy has foretold that some who have
once held the true faith will depart therefrom to give heed to seducing
spirits, and doctrines of devils. 1 Tim. 4:1.

One R. P. Wilson, to whose name is attached the ministerial title, in his
lectures on "Spiritual Science," said:--


    "Although as a believer in true spiritual philosophy, we cannot
    receive the orthodox views of salvation, yet we recognize the
    birth of a Saviour and Redeemer into the universal hearts of
    humanity, _wherein truly the deity is incarnate_, dwelling in the
    interior of man's spirit. We believe that each soul of man is born
    with his or her Saviour within them; for as man is an embodiment
    of the universe in epitome, he contains in his central nature an
    incarnation of deity. The germ of immortal unfoldings resides
    within the spirit of it, which needs only appropriate conditions
    to call forth the expanding and elevating powers of the soul."


In "Spiritual Science Demonstrated," p. 229, Dr. Hare said:--


    "Since my spirit sister's translation to the spheres, she has
    risen from the fifth to the sixth sphere. It has been alleged by
    her that her ascent was retarded by her belief in the atonement."


A "spirit" calling himself Deacon John Norton, as reported in the _Banner
of Light_, said:--


    "I used to believe in the atonement; I honestly believed that
    Christ died to save the world, and that by and through his death
    all must be saved if saved at all. Now I see that this is folly--it
    cannot be so. The light through Christ, the Holy One, shone in
    darkness; the darkness could not comprehend it; and thus it
    crucified the body, and Christ died a martyr. He was not called in
    that way, that by the shedding of his blood, the vast multitude
    coming after him should find salvation. Everything in nature
    proves this false. They tell me here that Christ was the most
    perfect man of his time. I am told here also that he is worthy to
    be worshiped, because of his goodness; and where man finds
    goodness he may worship. God's face is seen in the violet, and man
    may well worship this tiny flower."


In the pantheism of Spiritualism, every object in nature, the tiny flower,
the pebbles, the trees, the birds and bees, are worthy to be worshiped as
much as Christ. In one breath the spirits extol him as a most perfect man,
pre-eminent in goodness and worthy to be worshiped, and in the next, place
him in a position which would make him the greatest fraud and impostor
that ever lived. Such inconsistencies show that Christ is a miracle which
evil men and evil angels know not how to dispose of.

As they deny Christ, they must, logically, deny the doctrine of his second
coming. This doctrine is made of especial importance and prominence in the
New Testament. The nature of that coming, its manner, and the
circumstances attending it are so fully described, that no one who adopts
the Bible view can possibly be deceived by false christs. But the church
and the world have been turned away from the true doctrine of the second
advent, and the way is thus prepared for the great deceptions of the last
days. Spiritualism is one of these, and claims that it is itself that
second coming. Joel Tiffany, a former celebrated teacher of Spiritualism,
has said:--


    "I must look for the coming of my Lord in my own affection. He
    must come in the clouds of my spiritual heavens, or he cannot come
    for any benefit to me."


And through Mrs. Conant, a famous medium of the early days of
Spiritualism, the controlling spirit said:--


    "This second coming of Christ means simply the second coming of
    truths that are not themselves new, that have always existed....
    He said, 'When I come again, I shall not be known to you.'
    Spiritualism is that second coming of Christ."--_Banner of Light,
    Nov. 18, 1865._


But the Bible description of this event is, the revelation of the Lord
himself in the clouds of heaven in the glory of the Father, the
reverberating shout of triumph, the voice of the archangel, the trump of
God, the flash of his presence like that of the lightning, the wailing of
the tribes of the earth, as they thus behold him, while unprepared to meet
him, and the resurrection of the righteous dead. And where and when have
these inseparable accompaniments of that event been seen? They do not
occur when a person is converted from sin, nor do they occur in the dying
chamber, nor have they occurred in Spiritualism; and until they do take
place, the second coming of Christ is not accomplished.

Many seek to dispose of such testimony as this, by making it all
figurative, or meeting it with a bold denial, as in the case of the
resurrection of the body. And the way has been too well prepared for this
condition of things, by much of the teaching of popular orthodoxy, which
turns the early records of the Bible into childish allegory, perverts the
true doctrine of the coming and kingdom of Christ, and denies the
resurrection of the dead, by destroying its necessity through the
immortality of the soul. On the vital point of the resurrection, Dr.
Clarke makes this noteworthy remark:--


    "One remark I cannot help making,--The doctrine of the resurrection
    appears to have been thought of much more consequence among the
    primitive Christians than it is _now_! How is this?--The apostles
    were continually insisting on it, and exciting the followers of
    God to diligence, obedience, and cheerfulness through it. And
    their successors in the present day seldom mention it! So the
    apostles preached, and so the primitive Christians believed; so we
    preach and so our hearers believe. There is not a doctrine in the
    gospel on which more stress is laid; and there is not a doctrine
    in the present system of preaching which is treated with more
    neglect."--_On 1 Corinthians 15_ (_original edition_).(3)


In view of the way the Bible has been treated by its professed friends, it
is no wonder that infidelity prevails, and Spiritualism prospers.

3. _They Deny the Bible._--The denial of God and Christ, as set forth above
is, of course, a denial of the Bible; and not much need therefore be added
on this point. We quote only a few representative utterances. Doctor Hare
("Spiritual Science Demonstrated," p. 209) says:--


    "The Old Testament does not impart a knowledge of immortality,
    without which religion were worthless. The notions derived from
    the gospels are vague, disgusting, inaccurate, and difficult to
    believe."


As to the Old Testament, it would seem doubtful whether Mr. Hare ever read
far enough to find (1) Job exclaiming: "For I know that my Redeemer
liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth: and
though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see
God: whom I shall see for myself, and mine eyes shall behold, and not
another; though my reins be consumed within me" (or, as the margin reads:
"My reins within me are consumed with earnest desire [for that day];") or
(2) David: "I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with thy likeness;" or (3)
Isaiah: "Thy dead men shall live, together with my dead body shall they
arise. Awake and sing, ye that dwell in the dust;" or (4) Ezekiel:
"Behold, O my people, I will open your graves, and cause you to come up
out of your graves;" or (5) Daniel: "Many of them that sleep in the dust
of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and
everlasting contempt;" and (6) Hosea: "I will ransom them from the power
of the grave, I will redeem them from death." Job 19:25-27; Ps. 17:15;
Isa. 26:19; Eze. 37:12; Dan. 12:2; Hosea 13:14. And as for the New
Testament, it is no doubt "disgusting" to many Spiritualists to read that
"the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and
whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have
their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the
second death;" and that without the city "are dogs, and sorcerers, and
whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth and
maketh a lie." Rev. 21:8; 22:15.

Communications from spirits are offered in place of the Bible as a better
source of instruction, the Bible being denounced, as above quoted, as
"vague, inaccurate, and difficult to believe." A brief comparison of the
two will furnish pertinent evidence on this point. Take, on the Bible
side, for example, a portion of the record of creation (Gen. 1:1-5):--


    "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the
    earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face
    of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the
    waters. And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. And
    God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light
    from the darkness. And God called the light Day, and the darkness
    he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first
    day."


The facts stated in this record, the profoundest minds can never
comprehend; the language in which they are expressed, a little child can
understand. The statements are plain and simple, a perfect model of
perspicuous narrative. Place by the side of this an account of the same
event, as given us from the "spheres." The spirits have undertaken to
produce a new Bible, beginning, like the old, with the creation; and this
is the way it starts out, through the mediumship of "Rev." T. L. Harris:--


    "1. In the beginning God, the Life in God, the Lord in God, the
    Holy Procedure, inhabited the dome, which, burning in magnificence
    primeval, and revolving in prismatic and undulatory spiral,
    appeared, and was the pavilion of the Spirit: In glory
    inexhaustible and inconceivable, in movement spherical, unfolded
    in harmonious procedure disclosive.


    "2. And God said, Let good be manifest! and good unfolded and
    moral-mental germs, ovariums of heavens, descended from the
    Procedure. And the dome of disclosive magnificence was heaven, and
    the expanded glory beneath was the germ of creation. And the
    divine Procedure inbreathed upon the disclosure, and the
    disclosure became the universe."


We will inflict no more of this "undulatory spiral" nonsense on the
reader. He now has both records before him, and can judge for himself
which is the more worthy of his regard. There have been Spiritualists who,
writing in their normal state, and not yet fully divorced from the
influence of their former education, have acknowledged the authenticity of
the Bible, and the doctrines of Jesus as recorded in the gospels. But
these, it is claimed, are to be understood according to a spiritual
meaning which underlies the letter; and this spiritual meaning generally
turns out to be contrary to the letter, which is a virtual denial of the
record itself. But the quotations here given (only a specimen of the
multitudes that might be presented) are given on the authority of the
"spirits," whose teachings are what we wish to ascertain.




They Deny All Distinction Between Right And Wrong.


There is implanted in the hearts of men by nature, a sense of right and a
sense of wrong. Even those who know not God, nor Christ, nor the gospel,
possess this power of discrimination. This is what Paul, in Rom. 2:15,
calls "the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also
bearing witness, and their thoughts the meanwhile accusing or else
excusing one another." That this distinction should now be denied by a
class in a civilized community, professing to be advanced thinkers and
teachers, among whom are found the learned, the refined, and the
professedly pious, shows that we have fallen upon strange times. To be
sure, many of them talk fluently of the beauty and perfection of divine
laws; but in the sense in which they would have them understood, they rob
them of all characteristics of law. The first great essential of law is
authority; but this they take away from it; the next is penalty for its
violation; but this they deny, and thus degrade the law to a mere piece of
advice. The "Healing of the Nations," an authoritative work among
Spiritualists, pp. 163, 164, says:--


    "Thus thy body needs no laws, having been in its creation supplied
    with all that could be necessary for its government. Thy spirit is
    above all laws, and above all essences which flow therein. God
    created thy spirit from within his own, and surely the Creator of
    law is above it; the Creator of essences must be above all essence
    created. And if thou hast what may be or might be termed laws,
    they are always subservient to thy spirit. Good men need no laws,
    and laws will do bad or ignorant men no good. If a man be above
    law, he should never be governed by it. If he be below, what good
    can dead, dry words do him?


    "True knowledge removeth all laws from power by placing the spirit
    of man above it."


A correspondent of the _Telegraph_ said of this work, "The Healing of the
Nations:"--


    "According to its teaching, no place is found in the universe for
    divine wrath and vengeance. All are alike and forever the object
    of God's love, pity, and tender care--the difference between the
    two extremes of human character on earth, being as a mere atom
    when compared with perfect wisdom."


This is a favorite comparison with them,--that the difference between God
and the best of men is so much greater than the extremes of character
among men,--the most upright and the most wicked,--that the latter is a mere
atom, and not accounted of in God's sight. That there is an infinite
difference between God and the best of men, is all true; for God is
infinite in all his attributes, and man is very imperfect at the best. But
to argue from this that God is inferior to man, so that he cannot discern
difference in character here, even as man can plainly discern it, seems
but mad-house reasoning. What would we think of the man who had the same
regard for the thief as for the honest man, for the murderer as for the
philanthropist? To ignore such distinctions as even men are able to
discern would destroy the stability of all human governments; what then
would be the effect on the divine government? God has given his law--holy,
just, and good--to men, and commanded obedience. He has attached the
penalty to disobedience: "The soul that sinneth, it shall die," "The wages
of sin is death." Eze. 18:20; Rom. 6:23. And in the judgment, the
distinction God makes in character will be plainly declared; for he will
set the righteous on his right hand, but the wicked on the left. Matt.
25:32, 33.

This view of the failure of law, and the absence of all human
accountability, naturally leads to a bold denial of sin and the existence
of crime. The "Healing of the Nations," p. 169, says: "Unto God there is
no error; all is comparatively good." The same work says that God views
error as "undeveloped good." A. J. Davis ("Nature of Divine Revelation,"
p. 521) says: "Sin, indeed, in the common acceptation of that term, does
not really exist."

A discourse from J. S. Loveland, once a minister, reported in the _Banner
of Light_, contained this paragraph:--


    "With God there is no crime; with man there is. Crime does not
    displease God, but it does man. God is in the darkest crime, as in
    the highest possible holiness. He is equally pleased in either
    case. Both harmonize equally with his attributes--they are only
    different sides of the same Deity."


In "Automatic Writing" (1896), p. 139, a question was asked concerning
evil, meaning sin and crimes among men. The spirit answered that these
were conditions of progress, and were so necessary to elevation that they
were to be welcomed, not hated. The questions and answers are as follows:--


    "_Ques._--Can you give us any information in regard to the
    so-called Devil--once so firmly believed in?


    "_Ans._--Devil is a word used to conjure with.


    "_Q._--Well, then, as the word itself doubtless arose from the word
    'evil,' which means to us unhappiness, can you give us an
    explanation of the existence of evil?


    "_A._--Evil--as you who are the greatest sufferers from it, name one
    of the conditions of progress--is as necessary, aye, more so, than
    what you call good, to your and our elevation to higher spheres.
    It is not to be hated, but welcomed. It is the winnowing of the
    grain from the chaff. Children of truth, don't worry over what to
    you seems evil; soon you will be of us and will understand, and be
    rejoiced that what you call evil persists and works as leaven in
    the great work of mind versus matter.


    "_Q._--But it seems to us impossible that brutal crimes like
    murder, assassinations, or great catastrophes, by which the
    innocent are made to suffer at the hands of malicious and cruel
    persons, should work for ultimate good?


    "_A._--Percipients of the grand whole of Being can understand but
    may not state to those on your plane, the underlying good making
    itself asserted even through such dreadful manifestations of human
    imperfections as the crimes you name.


    "When asked why certain wrongs were allowed to be perpetuated,
    this answer was given:--


    "There is a law of psychical essence which makes necessary all
    these ephemeral entanglements which to you seem so severe, and you
    will yet see from your own standpoint of reason why such hardships
    must be endured by questioning souls on the highway of progress.


    "_Q._--But do you from your vantage ground of larger knowledge grow
    careless that such injustice is done?


    "_A._--We do care, but cannot remedy.


    "_Q._--Why can't you remedy?


    "_A._--Because humanity is but an embryo of existence.


    "_Q._--If you can perceive the trials and sorrows of mortals, and
    can interfere to save them, why do you not more often do so?


    "_A._--When undeveloped souls pay the price of development, we
    stand aloof, and let the play go on. Interference will do no
    good."


In view of such a confession, what becomes of the many claims put forth by
other spirits that they are ever hovering near their friends to assist and
guard them, to help and inspire them, and keep them from evil and danger?
These say that those terrible crimes (and this would include all crimes)
are all necessary, that they are tending to develop souls, and bring them
to higher spheres, and thus are just as laudable as good actions; so they
settle back in a gleeful mood, and "let the play go on;" let wicked men
cultivate and develop and practice their evil propensities, and the
innocent suffer. Well may men pray to be delivered from such a spirit
assembly as that.

In "Healing of the Nations," p. 402, Dr. Hare says:--


    "That anything should, even for an instant, be contrary to his
    will, is inconsistent with his foresight and omnipotency. It would
    be a miracle that anything counter to his will should exist."


A lecture on the "Philosophy of Reform," given by A. J. Davis, in New York
City, bears testimony to the same effect:--


    "In the Hebrew and Christian Scriptures, it is affirmed that sin
    is the transgression of the law. But by an examination of nature,
    the true and only Bible, it will be seen that this statement is
    erroneous. It gives a wrong idea of both man and law.... It will
    be found impossible for man to transgress a law of God."


Thus they very illogically assume that if God has the will or the power to
prevent evil, it could not exist, and therefore, if there is such a God,
he is responsible, forgetting that God is long-suffering, and bears long
with vessels of wrath fitted for destruction, before they pass beyond the
limits of his mercy and perish. But Mr. Davis says further:--


    "Reformers need to understand that war is as natural to one stage
    of human development as peace is natural to another. My brother
    has the spirit of revenge. Shall I call him a demon? Is not his
    spirit natural to his condition? War is not evil or repulsive
    except to a man of peace. Who made the non-resistant? Polygamy is
    as natural to one stage of development as oranges are natural to
    the South. Shall I grow indignant, and because I am a monogamist,
    condemn my kinsman of yore? Who made him? Who made me? We both
    came up under the confluence of social and political
    circumstances; and we both represent our conditions and our
    teachers. The doctrine of blame and praise is natural only to an
    unphilosophical condition of mind. The spirit of complaint--of
    attributing 'evil' to this and that plane of society--is natural;
    but is natural only to undeveloped minds. It is a profanation--a
    sort of atheism of which I would not be guilty."


The Bible says, "Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that
put darkness for light and light for darkness." Isa. 5:20. And it makes
another declaration which finds abundant confirmation in the sentiments
quoted above: "Because sentence against an evil work is not executed
speedily, therefore the heart of the sons of men is fully set in them to
do evil." Eccl. 8:11.

Having thus attempted to destroy in the minds of men all distinction
between good and evil, all being alike in God's sight, and all equally
good, they try to make the way a little broader and easier for men to give
full rein to all the propensities and inclinations of an evil heart, by
teaching that there is no Lawgiver and Judge before whom men must appear
to give an account of their deeds, but that they are responsible to
themselves alone, and must give account only to their own natures. Thus
Hon. J. B. Hall, in a lecture reported in the _Banner of Light_, Feb. 6,
1864, said:--


    "I believe that man is amenable to no law not written upon his own
    nature, no matter by whom given.... By his own nature he must be
    tried--by his own acts he must stand or fall. True, man must give
    an account to God for all his deeds; but how?--Solely by giving
    account to his own nature--to himself."


At a seance reported in the _Banner of Light_, May 28, 1864, the following
question was proposed, and the answer was by the communicating spirit:--


    "_Ques._--To whom or to what is the soul accountable?


    "_Ans._--To no Deity outside the realm of its own being, certainly;
    to no God which is a creation of fancy; to no Deity who dwells in
    a far-off heaven, and sits upon a white throne; to no Jesus of
    Nazareth; to no patron saint; to no personality; to no principle
    outside our own individual selves."


The "Healing of the Nations," p. 74, says:--


    "Man is his own saviour, his own redeemer. He is his own judge--in
    his own scales weighed."


A little over twenty years after the birth of Spiritualism, Aug. 25, 1868,
the Fifth National Convention of Spiritualists was held in Corinthian
hall, Rochester, N. Y., at which a formal "Declaration of Principles" was
set forth. From the seventh and eighth paragraphs, under principle 20, we
quote the following:--


    "_Seventh_, To stimulate the mind to the largest investigation ...
    that we may be qualified to _judge for ourselves_ what is right
    and true. _Eighth_, To deliver from _all bondage to authority_,
    whether vested in _creed_, _book_, or _church_, except that of
    received truth."


This is the same principle of man's responsibility to no one but himself,
authoritatively adopted. What a picture have we now before us! Destroy
man's belief in, and reverence for, God and Christ, as they do; lead him
to ridicule the atonement, the only remedy for sin; make him disbelieve
the Bible; take away from his mind all distinction between right and
wrong, and assure him that he is accountable to no one but himself; and
how better could one prepare the way to turn men into demons. All this the
spirits, by their teaching, seek to do. And can any one fail to foresee
the result? Comparatively a small proportion of the inhabitants of this
country have committed themselves to these views; consequently but little
of the legitimate fruit as yet appears; but take human nature as it is and
suppose all the inhabitants of this land to act on these principles, and
then what would we have?--A pandemonium, a scene of anarchy, riot,
bloodshed, and all depths of rottenness and corruption--in short, a hell so
much worse than that to which the Devil is popularly assigned, that he
would at once change his location and here take up his abode.

That this statement is none too strong, will appear as we look a moment at
some of the results which have already developed themselves among the
friends of such views, and as their inevitable fruit. The tendency can by
no possibility be otherwise than to atheism and all immorality. As has
been already remarked, the repulsive features were made much more
prominent in the early stages of Spiritualism than at the present time.
They are now held in the background. The literature touching these points
has been remodeled, and an air of respectability and religion assumed.
Most of the quotations therefore date some years back, and would be
charitably withheld were there any evidence of reform either present or
prospective. But where or when have these principles ever been officially
repudiated, and evidence given that the consequent practices had been
abandoned? That there are many Spiritualists of upright and moral lives,
and honorable members of society, in the best sense of that term, we
gladly believe; but is not this because they are living above their
principles; and due, not to the influence, but rather to the non-influence
of real Spiritualism upon their lives? The quotations given are from those
who have been prominent among Spiritualists as authors and speakers. If
they overdraw the picture, the responsibility is with them. Dr. B. P.
Randolph, author of a work "Dealings with the Dead," was eight years a
medium, then renounced Spiritualism long enough to expose its character,
then returned to it again, unable to break entirely away from the spell it
has fastened upon him. He gives his opinion of it in the following
scathing words:--


    "I enter the arena as the champion of common sense, against what
    in my soul I believe to be the most tremendous enemy of God,
    morals, and religion, that ever found foothold on the earth;--the
    most seductive, hence the most dangerous, form of sensualism that
    ever cursed a nation, age, or people. I was a medium about eight
    years, during which time I made three thousand speeches, and
    traveled over several different countries, proclaiming its new
    gospel. I now regret that so much excellent breath was wasted, and
    that my health of mind and body was well nigh ruined. I have only
    begun to regain both since I totally abandoned it, and to-day had
    rather see the cholera in my house, than be a spiritual medium.


    "As a trance speaker, I became widely known; and now aver that
    during the entire eight years of my mediumship, I firmly and
    sacredly confess that I had not the control of my own mind, as I
    now have, one twentieth of the time; and before man and high
    heaven I most solemnly declare that I do not now believe that
    during the whole eight years, I was sane for thirty-six
    consecutive hours, in consequence of the trance and the
    susceptibility thereto.


    "For seven years I held daily intercourse with what purported to
    be my mother's spirit. I am now fully persuaded that it was
    nothing but an evil spirit, an infernal demon, who, in that guise,
    gained my soul's confidence, and led me to the very brink of ruin.
    We read in Scripture of demoniac possession, as well as abnormal
    spiritual action. Both facts exist, provable to-day; I am positive
    the former does. A. J. Davis and his clique of Harmonialists say
    there are no evil spirits. I emphatically deny the statement. Five
    of my friends destroyed themselves, and I attempted it, by direct
    spiritual influences. Every crime in the calendar has been
    committed by mortal movers of viewless beings. Adultery,
    fornication, suicides, desertions, unjust divorces, prostitution,
    abortion, insanity, are not evils, I suppose. I charge all these
    to this scientific Spiritualism. It has also broken up families,
    squandered fortunes, tempted and destroyed the weak. It has
    banished peace from happy families, separated husbands and wives,
    and shattered the intellect of thousands."


The following is an extract from the writings of J. F. Whitney, editor of
the New York _Pathfinder_. His view of the subject accords with that of
Dr. Randolph:--


    "Now, after a long and constant watchfulness, seeing for months
    and for years its progress and its practical workings upon its
    devotees, its believers, and its mediums, we are compelled to
    speak our honest conviction, which is, that the manifestations
    coming through the acknowledged mediums, who are designated as
    rapping, tipping, writing, and entranced mediums, have a baneful
    influence upon believers, and create discord and confusion; that
    the generality of these teachings inculcate false ideas, approve
    of selfish individual acts, and endorse theories and principles,
    which, when carried out, debase and make men little better than
    the brute. These are among the fruits of Modern Spiritualism, and
    we do not hesitate to say that we believe if these manifestations
    are continued to be received, and to be as little understood as
    they are, and have been since they made their appearance at
    Rochester, and mortals are to be deceived by their false,
    fascinating, and snakelike charming powers, which go with them,
    the day will come when the world will require the appearance of
    another Saviour to redeem the world from its departing from
    Christ's warnings.... Seeing, as we have, the gradual progress it
    makes with its believers, particularly its mediums, from lives of
    morality to those of sensuality and immorality, gradually and
    cautiously undermining the foundation of good principles, we look
    back with amazement to the radical change which a few months will
    bring about in individuals; for its tendency is to approve and
    endorse each individual act and character, however good or bad
    these acts may be....


    "We desire to send forth our warning voice, and if our humble
    position as the head of a public journal, our known advocacy of
    Spiritualism, our experience, and the conspicuous part we have
    played among its believers, the honesty and the fearlessness with
    which we have defended the subject, will weigh anything in our
    favor, we desire that our opinions may be received, and those who
    are moving passively down the rushing rapids to destruction should
    pause, ere it be too late, and save themselves from the blasting
    influence which those manifestations are causing."


Every one who knows anything about Spiritualism has heard of Cora Hatch,
who traveled extensively, and manifested her powers as an extemporaneous
lecturer before astonished multitudes. One of her husbands, Dr. Hatch,
renounced Spiritualism, and the following is from the testimony he bore
concerning it:--


    "The most damning iniquities are everywhere perpetrated in
    spiritual circles, a very small percentage of which ever comes to
    public attention. I care not whether it be spiritual or mundane,
    the facts exist, and should demand the attention and condemnation
    of an intelligent community.... The abrogation of marriage,
    bigamy, accompanied by robbery, theft, rape, are all chargeable
    upon Spiritualism. I most solemnly affirm that I do not believe
    that there has, during the last five hundred years, arisen any
    people who are guilty of so great a variety of crimes and
    indecencies as the Spiritualists of America.


    "For a long time I was swallowed up in its whirlpool of
    excitement, and comparatively paid but little attention to its
    evils, believing that much good might result from the opening of
    the avenues of Spiritual intercourse. But during the past eight
    months I have devoted my attention to critical investigation of
    its moral, social, and religious bearing, and I stand appalled
    before the revelations of its awful and damning realities."


Much testimony of this nature might be given from those who have had
similar experiences and equally favorable facilities for judging of the
character of Spiritualism. We present only a few extracts more.

Dr. Wm. B. Potter of New York, in an article under the head of "Astounding
Facts," and also in a tract entitled, "Spiritualism as It Is," gives the
result of his experience and observations. His testimony is the more
valuable, since he writes not from the standpoint of one who has renounced
Spiritualism, whose feelings may for the time be overwrought, and his
language stronger than would be used in calmer moments. When he wrote, he
was still an advocate of Spiritualism, and spoke as a friend who would, if
possible, induce Spiritualists to reform their faith and their manner of
living. He says:--


    "Fifteen years of critical study of Spiritual literature, an
    extensive acquaintance with the leading Spiritualists, and a
    patient, systematic, and thorough examination of the
    manifestations for many years, enable us to speak from actual
    knowledge, definitely and positively, of 'Spiritualism as It Is.'
    Spiritual literature is full of the most insidious and seductive
    doctrines, calculated to undermine the very foundations of
    morality and virtue, and lead to the most unbridled
    licentiousness.


    "We are told that 'we must have charity,' that it is wrong to
    blame any one, that we must not expose iniquity, as 'it will
    harden the guilty,' that 'none should be punished,' that 'man is a
    machine, and not to blame for his conduct,' that 'there is no
    high, no low, no good, no bad,' that 'sin is a lesser degree of
    righteousness,' that 'nothing we can do can injure the soul or
    <DW44> its progress,' that 'those who act the worst will progress
    the fastest,' that 'lying is right, slavery is right, murder is
    right, adultery is right,' that 'whatever is, is right.'


    "Hardly can you find a Spiritualist book, paper, lecture, or
    communication that does not contain some of these pernicious
    doctrines; in disguise, if not openly. Hundreds of families have
    been broken up, and many affectionate wives deserted by
    'affinity-seeking' husbands. Many once devoted wives have been
    seduced, and left their husbands and tender, helpless children, to
    follow some 'higher attraction.' Many well-disposed but
    simple-minded girls have been deluded by 'affinity' notions, and
    led off by 'affinity hunters,' to be deserted in a few months,
    with blasted reputations, or led to deeds still more dark and
    criminal, to hide their shame."


The same writer also mentions a fact which shows where the responsibility
of all this looseness of morals belongs. He says:--


    "At the National Spiritual Convention at Chicago, called to
    consider the question of a national organization, the only plan
    approved by the committee, especially provided that no charge
    should ever be entertained against any member, and that any
    person, without any regard to his or her moral character, might
    become a member."


The fact that no plan could find approval which did not provide that they
should never be blamed nor called to account for any of their deeds, shows
on what points they felt the most anxious, and plainly proves that they
belong to the class of which Christ spoke, who loved darkness rather than
light, and who would not come to the light lest their deeds should be
reproved. John 3:19-21.

It is unpleasant to wade through pools of filth, and we therefore spare
the reader quotations from those Spiritualists who have not only avowed
the most revolting practices of free love, but openly advocated the same,
and endeavored to induce others to come out likewise, on the ground that
they were only honestly and publicly admitting what the others believed
and practiced in secret. For the same reason we pass by the notorious
Woodhull and Claflin, and Hull and Jamieson episodes, in this field,
which, in the illustration and language of another, "burst upon the
country like a rotten egg three thousand miles in diameter!"

It may be said that these things are in the past and the situation has now
greatly changed. For the benefit of those who thus flatter themselves we
introduce one more quotation. It is from "The Law of Psychic Phenomena,"
by T. J. Hudson (A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1894). The language is
candid and conciliatory, and the author cannot be accused of any undue
prejudice on the question of which he speaks. On page 335, he says:--


    "I do not charge Spiritualists as a class with being advocates of
    the doctrines of free love. On the contrary, I am aware that, as a
    class, they hold the marriage relation in sacred regard. I cannot
    forget, however, that but a few years ago some of their leading
    advocates and mediums proclaimed the doctrine of free love in all
    its hideous deformity from every platform in the land. Nor do I
    fail to remember that the better class of Spiritualists everywhere
    repudiated the doctrine, and denounced its advocates and
    exemplars. Nevertheless the moral virus took effect here and there
    all over the country, and it is doing its deadly work in secret in
    many an otherwise happy home. And _I charge a large and constantly
    growing class of professional mediums with being the leading
    propagandists_ of the doctrine of _free love_. They infest every
    community in the land, and it is well known to all men and women
    who are dissatisfied or unhappy in their marriage relations, that
    they can always find sympathy by consulting the average medium,
    and can, moreover, find justification for illicit love by invoking
    the spirits of the dead through such mediums."


We have italicized that passage in the foregoing which shows that the
deadly evil is still working in secret, and that a large and constantly
growing number of professionals are aiding and abetting the iniquity.




Dangers Of Mediumship.


A few testimonies will show that when one gives himself or herself up to
the control of the spirits, such ones take a most perilous position. The
spirits insist on their victims becoming passive, ceasing to resist, and
yielding their whole wills to them. Some of their persuasive words are
these: "Come in confidence to us;" "Let our teachings deeply impress you;"
"You must not doubt what we say;" "Learn of us;" "Obey our directions and
you will be benefited;" "Seek to obtain knowledge of us;" "Have faith in
us;" "Fear not to obey;" "Obey us and you will be greatly blessed;" etc.,
etc. Mesmerists operate in the same way. They gain control of their
subjects in the same way that the spirits mesmerize their mediums, and
when under their control, the spirits cause them to see whatever they
bring before them, and hear according to their wills, and do as they bid.
And the things they suppose they see and hear, and what they are to do,
are only such things as exist in the mind of the mesmerizing power. The
subject is completely at the mercy of the invisible agency; and to put
one's self there is a most heaven-daring and hazardous act. Mr. Hudson
("Law of Psychic Phenomena," p. 336) says:--


    "To the young whose characters are not formed, and to those whose
    notions of morality are loose, the dangers of mediumship are
    _appalling_."


To further gain the confidence of mortals, the spirits claim to be the
ones who answer their prayers. In "Automatic Writing," p. 142, we have
this:--


    "_Ques._--Will our friends tell us whether from their point of
    view, there is any real efficacy in prayer?


    "_Ans._ [by spirits].--Shall not 'a soul's sincere desire' arouse
    in discarnate and free spirits effort to make that sincere desire
    a reality? What good can come from aspirations on mortal planes,
    save through the efforts to make those aspirations realized on
    spiritual planes, by the will of freed spirits?"


Mediums are unable to resist the powers of the unseen world when once
under their control. Professor Brittan ("Telegraphic Answer to Mahan," p.
10), concerning mediumship, says:--


    "We may further add in this connection that the trance mediums for
    spirit intercourse are equally irresponsible. Many of them are
    totally unable to resist the powers which come to them from the
    invisible and unknown realms."


Dr. Randolph ("Dealings with the Dead," p. 150) shows the dangers of
mediumship, as follows:--


    "I saw that one great cause of the moral looseness of thousands of
    sensitive-nerved people on earth, resulted from the infernal
    possessions and obsessions of their persons by delegations from
    those realms of darkness and (to all but themselves) unmitigated
    horror. A sensitive man or woman--no matter how virtuously
    inclined--may, unless by constant prayer and watchfulness they
    prevent it and keep the will active and the sphere entire, be led
    into the most abominable practices and habits."


This same writer, in the same work, pp. 108, 109, says:--


    "Those ill-meaning ones who live just beyond the threshold, often
    obtain their ends by subtly infusing a semi-sense of volitional
    power into the minds of their intended victims, so that at last
    they come to believe themselves to be self-acting, when in fact
    they are the merest shuttlecocks bandied about between the
    battledores of knavish devils on one side, and devilish knaves
    upon the other, and between the two the poor fallen wretches are
    nearly heart-reft and destroyed."


A work by A. J. Davis called "The Diakka, and their Earthly Victims,"
mentions the nature of these denizens of the spirit world, and their
wonderful location. The country (to speak after the manner of men) which
they inhabit, is so large that it would require not less than 1,803,026
diameters of the earth to span its longitudinal extent. This he had from a
spirit he calls James Victor Wilson, a profound mathematician! This space
is occupied by spirits who have passed from earth, who are "morally
deficient, and affectionally unclean."--_Page_ 7. The same spirit, Wilson,
describes the diakka as those "who take insane delight in playing parts,
in juggling tricks, in personating opposite characters to whom prayers and
profane utterances are of equi-value; surcharged with a passion for
lyrical narrations; one whose every attitude is instinct with the schemes
of specious reasoning, sophistry, pride, pleasure, wit, subtle
convivialities; a boundless disbeliever, one who thinks that all private
life will end in the all-consuming self-love of God."--_Page 13._ On page
13 he says further of them, that they are "never resting, never satisfied
with life, often amusing themselves with jugglery and tricky witticisms,
invariably victimizing others; secretly tormenting mediums, causing them
to exaggerate in speech, and to falsify in acts; unlocking and unbolting
the street doors of your bosom and memory; pointing your feet into wrong
paths, and far more."

What this "far more" is, we are left to conjecture. The advertisement of
this book says that it is "an explanation of much that is false and
repulsive in Spiritualism." W. F. Jamieson, in a Spiritualist paper,
called these diakka "a troop of devils," and quoted Judge Carter as
saying: "There is one thing clear, that these diakka, or fantastic or
mixed spirits, are very numerous and abundant, and take any and every
opportunity of obtruding themselves."

Hudson Tuttle, author of "Life in Two Spheres" and other Spiritualistic
works, speaks of "a communication, through a noted medium, to Gerald
Massey from his 'dog Pip,' the said Pip 'licking the slate and writing
with a good degree of intelligence.' " He adds, "Mr. Davis would say that
'Pip' was a 'diakka,' and to-morrow he will communicate as George
Washington, Theodore Parker, or Balaam's ass. This diakka is flesh, fish,
or fowl, as you may desire."

Some idea of how the spirits sometimes torment the mediums, as hinted at
above, may be gained from the following instance. In "Astounding Facts
from the Spirit World," pp. 253, 254, Dr. Gridley describes the case of a
medium sixty years of age, living near him in Southampton, Mass. The
sufferings inflicted upon him "in two months at the hands of evil spirits
would fill a volume of five hundred pages." Of these sufferings, the
following are specimens:--


    "They forbade his eating, to the very point of starvation. He was
    a perfect skeleton; they compelled him to walk day and night, with
    intermissions, to be sure, as their avowed object was to torment
    him as much and as long as possible. They swore by everything
    sacred and profane, that they would knock his brains out, always
    accompanying their threats with blows on the forehead or temples,
    like that of a mallet in the hands of a powerful man, with this
    difference, however; the latter would have made him unconscious,
    while in full consciousness he now endured the indescribable agony
    of those heavy and oft-repeated blows; they declared they would
    skin him alive; that he must go to New York and be dissected by
    inches, all of which he fully believed. They declared that they
    would bore holes into his brain, when he instantly felt the action
    suited to the word, as though a dozen augers were being turned at
    once into his very skull; this done, they would fill his brain
    with bugs and worms to eat it out, when their gnawing would
    instantly commence. These spirits would pinch and pound him,
    twitch him up and throw him down, yell and blaspheme, and use the
    most obscene language that mortals can conceive; they would
    declare that they were Christ in one breath, and devils in the
    next; they would tie him head to foot for a long time together in
    a most excruciating posture; declare they would wring his neck off
    because he doubted or refused obedience."


Who can doubt that such spirits are the angels of the evil one himself?
Dr. Gridley in the same work, p. 19, gives the experience of another
medium, for the truthfulness of which he offers the fullest proof:--


    "We have seen the medium evidently possessed by Irishmen and
    Dutchmen of the lowest grade--heard him repeat Joshua's drunken
    prayers [Joshua was a strong but brutish man he had known in
    life], exactly like the original,--imitate his drunkenness in word
    and deed--try to repeat, or rather act over his most brutal deeds
    (from which for decency's sake, he was instantly restrained by
    extraordinary exertion and severe rebuke)--snap and grate his teeth
    most furiously, strike and swear, while his eyes flashed like the
    fires of an orthodox perdition. We have heard him hiss, and seen
    him writhe his body like the serpent when crawling, and dart out
    his tongue, and play it exactly like that reptile. These
    exhibitions were intermingled with the most wrangling and horrible
    convulsions."


These descriptions, it would seem, ought to be enough to strike terror to
any heart at the thought of being a medium. But there is yet another phase
of the subject that should not be passed by. These fallen spirits who are
engineering the work of Spiritualism, to maintain their "assumed
characters," and "play their parts" like the aforesaid diakka, represent
that disembodied spirits "just over the threshold," still retain the
characteristics they bore in life, such as a disposition to sensuality and
licentiousness, love of rum, tobacco, and other vices, and that they can,
by causing the medium to plunge excessively into these things, thereby
still gratify their own propensities to indulge in them. The following
sketch by Hudson Tuttle, a very popular author among Spiritualists, is
somewhat lengthy, but the idea could not better be presented than by
giving it entire. In "Life in Two Spheres," pp. 35-37, he says:--


    "Reader, have you ever entered the respectable saloon? Have you
    ever watched the stupid stare of the inebriate when the eye grew
    less and less lustrous, slowly closing, the muscles relaxing, and
    the victim of appetite sinking over on the floor in beastly
    drunkenness? Oh, how dense the fumes of mingled tobacco and
    alcohol! Oh, what misery confined in those walls! If you have
    witnessed such scenes, then we need describe no further. If you
    have not, then you had not better hear the tale of woe. Imagine to
    yourselves a bar-room with all its sots, and their number
    multiplied indefinitely, while conscience-seared and bloated
    fiends stand behind the bar, from whence they deal out death and
    damnation, and the picture is complete. _One has just arrived from
    earth._ He is yet uninitiated in the mysteries and miseries of
    those which, like hungry lions, await him. He died while
    intoxicated--was frozen while lying in the gutter, and consequently
    is attracted toward this society. He possessed a good intellect,
    but it was shattered beyond repair by his debauches.


    " 'Ye ar' a fresh one, aint ye?' coarsely queried a sot, just then
    particularly communicative.


    " 'Why, yes, I have just died, as they call it, and 'taint so bad
    a change after all; only I suppose there'll be dry times here for
    the want of something stimulant.'


    " 'Not so dry; lots of that all the time, and jolly times too.'


    " 'Drink! Can you drink, then?'


    " 'Yes, we just can, and feel as nice as you please. But all
    can't, not unless they find one on earth just like them. You go to
    earth, and mix with your chums; and when you find one whose
    thoughts you can read, he's your man. Form a connection with him,
    and when he gets to feeling _good_, you'll feel so too.--There, do
    you understand me? I always tell all fresh ones the glorious news,
    for how they would suffer if it wasn't for this blessed thing.'


    " 'I'll try, no mistake.'


    " 'Here's a covey,' spoke an ulcerous-looking being; 'he's of our
    stripe. Tim, did you hear what an infernal scrape I got into last
    night? No, you didn't. Well, I went to our friend Fred's; he
    didn't want to drink when I found him; his dimes looked so
    extremely large. Well, I _destroyed that feeling_, and made him
    think he was dry. He drank, and drank, more than I wanted him to,
    until I was so drunk that I could not break my connection with
    him, or control his mind. He undertook to go home, fell into the
    snow, and came near freezing to death. I suffered awfully, ten
    times as much as when I died.'... Reader, we draw the curtain over
    scenes like these, such as are daily occurring in this society."


In these cases the whole evil of the indulgences of course falls upon the
mediums; and who would wish to assume personal relation with such a world,
and be forced to bear in their own bodies the evils of the unhallowed
indulgences of unseen spirits, against their will?

Other scenes represented as taking place in the spirit land, are most
grotesque and silly and would be taken as a burlesque upon Spiritualism,
were they not put forth in all gravity by the friends and advocates of
that so-called new revelation. Thus Judge Edmunds, giving an account of
what he had seen in the spirit world, mentions the case of an old woman
busy churning, who promised him, if he would call again, a drink of
buttermilk; he speaks of men fighting, of courtezans trying to continue
their lewd conduct; of a mischievous boy who split a dog's tail open, and
put a stick in it, just to witness its misery; of the owner of the dog,
who, attracted by its cries, discovered the cause, and beat the boy, who
fled, but was pursued and beaten and kicked far up the road. See Edmund's
"Spiritualism," Vol. II, pp. 135-144, 181, 182, 186, 189. Surely here are
the diakka playing their pranks in all their glory.




Miscellaneous Teaching.


On the leading points of faith as held by Christians generally, quotations
have been given to show sufficiently what the spirits teach, and the
object they are trying to effect. But the reader will be interested to
learn what they teach on some other points which incidentally appear in
their communications.

Spiritualists object most strenuously to the idea of unconsciousness in
death, or to the Bible declaration, "The dead know not anything." But the
spirits themselves teach this very thing. Thus Judge Edmunds, Vol. II,
Appendix B, p. 524, quotes the confession of a spirit that he was totally
unconscious for a time, he could not tell how long, and awoke to
consciousness gradually; and that the state of unconsciousness differs
with different persons, depending on circumstances. A. J. Davis admits
that Professor Webster was eight days and a half unconscious.--_"__Death
and the After Life,__"__ pp. 18, 19._

Through Mrs. Conant, medium, in _Banner of Light_, June 3, 1865, we have
this information: "It is said that some spirits require a thousand years
to awake to consciousness. Is this true?--Yes, this is true." In "Automatic
Writing," p. 93, the spirits teach the same thing to-day. If others deny
such statements, it only shows that their testimony is contradictory and
therefore unreliable.

Again, the Bible doctrine that the incorrigibly wicked must cease from
conscious existence, is denounced by Spiritualists; but on this point the
spirits confess also:--


    "_Ques._--Do I understand you to say that a diakka is one who
    believes in ultimate annihilation?


    "_Ans._--Only yesterday one said to a lady medium, signing himself
    'Swedenborg,' this: 'Whatsoever is, has been, will be, or may be,
    _that_ I AM, and private life is but the aggregative phantasms of
    thinking throblets rushing in their rising onward to the central
    heart of eternal death.'--_"__Diakka__"__ p. 11._


    "_Q._--Does every human being continue life on higher planes?


    "_A._--Shall not all who are abortions die?"


    "_Q._--Do you mean that some born on this plane may spiritually die
    from lack of force to persist?


    "_A._--Yes--both women and men are born into the divine humanity who
    must necessarily perish, because they have not sufficient soul
    strength to persist."--_"__Automatic Writing,__"__ pp. 101, 102._


There is, it seems, a purgatory in the spirit world. In answer to a
question, a spirit replied:--


    "There is a sphere in spirit life allotted to those who leave the
    earthly plane in spiritual ignorance, which is _not pleasing_ to
    dwell upon, yet which is absolutely necessary to spiritual soul
    growth."--_Id., p. 90._


Spiritualism is claimed to settle the question of immortality; but the
spirits confess themselves ignorant of it:--


    "_Ques._--On your plane do you arrive at certainty in regard to
    immortality?


    "_Ans._--We here are as _ignorant as you are_ as to the ultimate of
    existence. Immortality is still an _undetermined issue_. One life
    at a time seems as pertinent with us as with you."--_Id., p. 103._


The spirits' heaven, it seems, is not so desirable a place that it
prevents their being homesick.


    "_Ques._--Why are you homesick?


    "_Ans._--Have not found out the real reason; things are so
    different from former ideas."--_Id., p. 111._


Spirits are not allowed to tell too much about their condition, as the
following question and answer show:--


    "_Ques._--Can't you tell us what makes it pleasanter,--describe so
    we can understand?


    "_Ans._--You'll find out as I did--_'gainst the rules here to
    tell_.... Just be patient--it's all easy enough when you learn how.
    I was puzzled, but it all seems straight enough now."--_Id., p.
    115._


They teach the pre-existence of souls, and the old pagan doctrines of the
reincarnation of souls, and the final absorption of all into Nirvana. A
spirit having answered that all had been asserted in some other form,
questions and answers followed from which we quote:--


    "_Q._--Is that statement an intimation of the truth of
    reincarnation?


    "_A._--Souls of all who have preceded you are centered in you in
    spite of your childish protests. Ask not of those predecessors;
    for they yet live in you, and you in them.... Long ago you and I
    went over the ground under eminent names.... Were not we together
    when Socrates and Aspasia talked?"--_Id., pp. 151, 152._


    "_Q._--Can you tell us, at least, whether spirit, as a whole or in
    its individual atoms, exists eternally?


    "_A._--Yes; spirit as a whole is eternal--exists--did exist--by force
    of Powers you cannot understand. But you as individual,
    self-conscious, atomistic particles of spirit wholeness, are not
    eternal, and must return to the Primal Source."--_Id., p. 133._




Spirits Cannot Be Identified.


Having now sufficiently examined the teaching of the spirits, a final
question arises in regard to them, whether it is possible to identify
them, and determine with any absolute certainty whether they are the
spirits of the particular individuals they claim to be, or even spirits of
the dead at all, or not. It should be distinctly borne in mind, always,
that evil angels, whose existence has been proved from the Bible, whose
nature and delight is to deceive, can walk the earth unseen, imitate and
personate any individual, and reveal their characteristics of thought,
writing, acts, form, and features, and make so perfect a counterfeit as to
defy detection. How, then, can it be told what spirit it is, even though
it shows the face and features of some well-known friend? On this topic,
as on preceding questions, Spiritualists themselves may produce the
evidence. President Mahan ("Discussion with Tiffany and Rhen," p. 13)
remarks:--


    "Certain experiments have been made, in order to determine whether
    spirits are present. Individuals go in as inquirers, and get
    definite answers--in the first place, from _departed spirits_ of
    persons _yet living_; in the second place, from departed spirits
    of persons who _never existed_ here or anywhere else; in the third
    place, from the departed spirits of brute beasts."


When it is considered, as already noted, that spirits do their work
through mesmeric power, it is easy to understand how the medium is made to
believe that such and such a spirit is communicating when it is not so at
all. This question of identity came up in the very early stages of
Spiritualism, and is no nearer settled, on their own confession, now than
then. A Mr. Hobart, in 1856, who claimed to be the first Spiritualist in
Michigan, made the following admission:--


    "The spirit sometimes _assumes_ the name of an individual
    belonging to the same church, to induce them to hear. This is
    necessary with some who are so bigoted they would not believe
    unless a name was assumed which they respected."


An article in the _Spiritual Telegraph_, of July 11, 1857, begins as
follows:--


    "The question is continually being asked, especially by novitiates
    in spiritual investigations, How shall we know that the spirits
    who communicate with us are really the ones whom they purport to
    be?... In giving the results of our own experience and observation
    upon this subject, we would premise that spirits unquestionably
    can, and often do, personate other spirits, and that, too, often
    with such perfection as, for the time being, to defy every effort
    to detect the deception.... If direct tests are demanded at all,
    we would recommend that they be asked for the purpose of proving
    that the manifesting influence is that of _a spirit_, rather than
    to prove what _particular_ spirit is the agent of its production."


This is an entire begging of the whole matter in question; for it is not
denied that it is _a_ spirit; we want to know what _particular_ spirit it
is; but for that we must not ask; for it cannot be ascertained. The same
article states that other and lower spirits often crowd in and take the
place of the spirit communicating, without the knowledge of the medium. We
might also quote "Spiritualism as It Is," p. 14, that "not one per cent.
of the manifestations have had a higher origin than the first and second
spheres, which are filled with low, ignorant, deceptive, mischievous,
selfish, egotistical spirits;" and "Dealings with the Dead," p. 225, that
"the fact is, good spirits do not appear one tenth as often as imagined."

Jan. 7, 1888, the following appeared in the _Banner of Light_:--


    "_Ques._--What is the cause of our receiving inconsistent and
    untruthful communications? Does the blame, if any there is, rest
    with us or the controlling intelligence?


    "_Ans._--There are spirits who delight in imposing upon mortals;
    they realize their power outside of material things, and that
    those who seek knowledge from them _cannot see nor get hold of
    them_; therefore to an extent they exercise a certain power over
    those mortals who approach; and if the mortals are themselves
    tricky by nature, insincere, ready to take advantage of others,
    whether it be at the time of sitting or in their daily life, rest
    assured they may be imposed upon by spirits from the other side
    who occupy a like plane of existence with themselves."


Mediums themselves will not trust the spirits, according to statements
made as late as 1896. Mrs. S. A. Underwood, medium, in "Automatic
Writing," p. 55, says:--


    "With all my experience in it, I would not to-day venture upon any
    change, business venture, friendship, or line of conduct, advised
    from this source, unless my own common material sense endorsed it.
    Indeed, I would not take as fact any of its even reasonable advice
    without question, because it is not reliable as a guide in earthly
    affairs."


Spirit communication, then, certainly does not amount to much as a
heavenly instructor, a celestial guide to enlighten the ignorance of men.
Whatever we know ourselves, we may rely upon; all else is uncertain.
Again, on p. 56, she says:--


    "Then the assumption of great names by apparently common-place
    minds is a very strange thing. I was horrified and annoyed when
    this occurred under my own hand, because that is one of the things
    which disgusted me with spiritual messages before this writing
    came to me, as I had occasionally glanced over such messages. When
    I protested against such assumption, I was told that 'Elaine and
    Guinevere' were not real beings, but types. So somewhere in our
    sphere are spirits who embody cleverness in creations of their own
    fancy, and adopt names suited to that fancy."


Thus the spirits themselves confess that the names they often assume are
not those of real beings, but typical and fanciful. Nothing more, it would
seem, is necessary to complete the condemnation of Spiritualism, so far as
its own nature is concerned. When in addition to all else, it appears that
the spirits cannot be identified; that the whole underlying claim that the
spirits are the spirits of the dead, must itself be assumed; and that,
too, in the face of the numberless known falsehoods and deceptions that
are constantly issuing from the unseen realm,--there is nothing left for it
to stand upon.





                               Chapter Six.


ITS PROMISES: HOW FULFILLED.


It is fair to call Spiritualism to account as to the fulfilment of the
promises involved in its challenge to the world when it stepped upon the
stage of action. No movement ever opened with more magnificent promises.
It posed before the world as an angel of heavenly light. It claimed to be
the second coming of Christ. It claimed to have been sent to regenerate
mankind, and renovate the world. We give herewith a few of its
spirit-inspired pretensions. Its "Declaration of Principles," Article 20,
says:--


    "The hearty and intelligent convictions of these truths [the
    teachings of spirits] tend to energize the soul in all that is
    good and elevating, and to restrain from all that is evil and
    impure, ... to quicken all philanthropic impulses, stimulating to
    enlightened and unselfish labors for universal good."


In behalf of the cause of woman it says:--


    "Spiritualism has done more for the advancement of true womanhood
    than the Church or any of its accessories."--_Dr. Watson, in Banner
    of Light, April 16, 1887._


Miss A. L. Lull, in the _Religio-Philosophical Journal_ of Jan. 23, 1886,
said:--


    "Spiritualism is the saviour of humanity, because it is reaching
    out toward the criminal, and in its effort to lift humanity to a
    higher plane, it is laying the foundation for future
    generations.... Spiritualism comes to cleanse out the dregs and
    wretchedness of humanity."


Mrs. Cora L. V. Richmond, in a mediumistic discourse reported in the
_Banner of Light_, April 3, 1886, said:--


    "The Great Reformer of the world is Spiritualism.... When modern
    Spiritualism made its appearance, it said in so many words, I come
    to reform the world.... Spiritualism came to put the ax at the
    root of the tree of human evil, it came to decide upon the most
    important and vital thing connected with existence; _i. e._, Is
    man only an evanescent, material, earthly being, or is he
    immortal?... Spiritualism came to reform death, to resolve it into
    life; came to reform fear, to resolve it into trust and knowledge;
    came to reform the darkness which rests upon humanity concerning
    the nature of man's existence."


In the same paper, April 6, 1887, was given the following prediction of
the future of Spiritualism:--


    "Modern Spiritualism will grow, and deepen, and broaden, and
    strengthen, until all false creeds and dogmas shall be swept from
    the earth--when faith shall be buried in knowledge, when war shall
    be known no more, when universal brotherhood shall prevail to
    bless mankind."


In "Nineteenth Century Miracles," p. 79, M. Jaubert speaks as follows:--


    "Affirm to your people that man never dies, that his immortality
    is proved, not by books but by material and tangible facts, of
    which every one can convince himself; that anon our houses of
    correction, and our prisons, will disappear; suicide will be
    erased from our mortuary tables; and nobly borne, the calamities
    of earth shall no longer produce madness."


Mrs. R. S. Lillie, in a speech at the Thirty-eighth Anniversary services
in Horticultural Hall, Boston, Mass., and reported in the _Banner of
Light_, of April, 1886, said:--


    "Christianity never had a Pentecost to be compared with modern
    Spiritualism. The latter is as far in advance of the former, as
    the electric light is in advance of the tallow dip of the past;
    for it is nineteen centuries ahead of it."


These are most astounding claims; and if there is any truth in them,
Spiritualism ought to have shown itself as a great uplifting moral power,
provided it has been able to get any foothold among the people. We
therefore inquire what its success has been. On this point Professor Keck,
at the Thirty-ninth Anniversary of Modern Spiritualism, at Bridgeport,
Conn. (_Banner of Light_, April 9, 1887), said:--


    "It [Spiritualism] has made converts of more scientific men and
    profound thinkers than any other sect in the world. In thirty-nine
    years it has grown to ten or fifteen millions of believers, with
    thousands of mediums, a literature printed in every known
    language, and converts in every quarter of the globe."


With all these facilities and all this success, it surely has been able to
make good its claims, and fulfil its promises, if its nature is such as it
assumes, and its promises are good for anything; and its course should be
marked by a great decrease of crime, by the promotion of virtue and a
general improvement in the moral tone of society, wherever it has gone.
For nearly fifty years it has now been operating in the world; and with
all its glowing professions of what it was able to do, and its millions of
converts, "energized to all that is good and elevating," its impress for
good should everywhere be seen.

But what are the facts?--Just the reverse of what has been promised. Free
love, which is free lust, has followed in its wake; homes have been
ruined, families scattered, characters blighted; while insanity and
suicide have been the fate, or the last resort, of too many of its
victims. And outside of its own ranks, in the world at large, the fifty
years since the advent of Spiritualism have been years of increase of
crime and every evil in a fast growing ratio. Liquor drinking, tobacco
using, gambling, prostitution, defalcations, robberies, bribery, municipal
corruption, divorces, thefts, insanity, suicide, and murder, have
increased in far more rapid ratio than the population itself.

The reader will remember the testimony of Dr. Randolph, p. 105, that five
of his friends destroyed themselves, and he attempted it for himself, by
direct spirit influences. The Philadelphia _Record_, of Feb. 17, 1894,
speaks of the suicide of May Brooklyn in San Francisco, Cal.:--


    "The letters and papers left by the dead woman show plainly that
    in her grief over the death of Lovecraft she had dabbled in
    Spiritualism, and had finally reached the conclusion that her only
    chance of happiness lay in joining her lover in the other world."


A few figures, as samples, will be given just to emphasize the general
statements. The following is from the Chicago _Tribune_ of Jan. 1, 1893:--


    "The number of persons who have committed suicide in the United
    States during the year (1892), as gathered from telegraph and mail
    report to the _Tribune_, is 3860, as compared with 3331 last year
    (1891), 2640 in 1890, and 2224 in 1889. The total is much larger
    than that of any of the eleven preceding years."


The _Christian Reformer_ gives the following figures of murders, suicides,
and embezzlements from 1891-1893:--


    "Murders in 1893, 6615; increase over 1891 of 709.


    "Suicides in 1893, 4436; increase over 1892, 576; 1891, 1105.


    "Funds embezzled in 1893, $19,929,692; increase of 100 per cent.
    over 1892."


It may be asked, What has this to do with Spiritualism?--It is a test of
the value of its promises. Spiritualism has been posing for fifty years as
the "world's reformer," the great energizing, uplifting force to elevate
mankind, the mighty power which has come to empty our workhouses and
prisons, abolish suicides and all crime, the "electric light" compared
with the "tallow dip" of the gospel. And yet with all these claims, with
its millions of adherents, and the funds and influence at its command, it
is allowing, year by year, crime to increase much faster than the
population. Now if Spiritualism was the purifying, renovating power which
it claims to be, such results could not have been seen. It is very
evident, that, as a power in the world in behalf of righteousness and
humanity, it has been of no account; and as between the forces of good and
evil, its weight has been on the side of evil instead of good. It is thus
that the author of Spiritualism, the father of deception, fulfils the
promises made through that channel to deceive mankind. What organized,
aggressive efforts against evil has Spiritualism ever shown? Where are its
schools and colleges? Where are its hospitals and benevolent institutions?
Where are its organized charities? and what are its millions of members
doing to relieve suffering and distress, and turn men to better ways of
living? The very aspect it presents to the world to-day, stamps the brand
of Cain upon its brow. The Boston _Herald_ of Dec. 17, 1874, said:--


    "Let Spiritualism produce some idea, utter some word, or perform
    some deed, which will have novelty, and yet be of manifest value
    to the human race, and it will make good its claims to our serious
    consideration. But it has not done this. For nearly thirty years
    it has been before the world in its present shape, and in all that
    time, with all its asserted command of earthly and
    superterrestrial knowledge, it has never done an act, or breathed
    a syllable, or supplied an idea which had any value as a
    contribution to the welfare of the race, or to its stock of
    knowledge. Its messages from learned men who are dead, have been
    the silliest bosh; its stories about life upon the planets are
    wretched guesses, many of which can be proved false by the
    astronomer; its visions have frightened scores of people into
    madhouses, and made semi-lunatics of hundreds of others."


If this charge was good as late as 1874, it is equally so at the present
time. And thus are we forced to the conclusion that Spiritualism, judged
by the light of its fair promises, is one of the most lamentable of
delusions, and most stupendous of failures.





                              Chapter Seven.


SPIRITUALISM A SUBJECT OF PROPHECY.


We come now to one of the most timely and important features of this whole
subject; for God in his word has foretold and forewarned the world of the
movement here passing under review. He has made known the time when it
should appear, the character it would bear, and the work it is to do. He
has also connected this with the great event of all-overshadowing
importance to this world, of which it is a startling sign and sure
precursor; namely, the second coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. We ask the
special attention of the reader to this part of the subject.

A word of digression may be allowed as to the place which prophecy holds
in the word of God. Prophecy is that feature of the sacred volume which
constitutes it a lamp to our feet and a light to our path. Ps. 119:105; 2
Peter 1:19. It is that which enables that word to be a guide to the hosts
of Israel through the weary journey and the gloomy shades of time, giving
to every era its "present truth," and showing the progress of the
slow-revolving ages toward the great consummation. It is the golden
credential which the Bible holds up to the world of its genuineness and
authenticity.

Prophecy is peculiar to the Christian Scriptures. No other so-called
sacred books contain this feature. It is not found in the Vedas, Shasters,
or Puranas of the Hindus, nor the Zend Avestas of the Parsees, nor the
Kojiki Nohonki, of the Shintos of Japan, nor the law books of Manu, nor
the Koran of the Mohammedans, nor the Kan-Ying-Peen or Tao-Te-King of the
Chinese, nor the Tripitakas of the Buddhists. The reason is obvious.
Neither the minds of men nor of angels, either good or bad, can read the
future. Divine omniscience alone can see the end from the beginning and
foretell the great events that shall mark the history of the world, and
affect the interests of the church. It is this that stamps the Bible as
divine, and lifts it immeasurably above all other books. It is indeed
passing strange that all cannot see this. Instead of being a book that
grows obsolete and out of date with the passing years, like the
productions of men, it is the only book ever seen upon the earth which is
ever abreast of the times in every age, and lifts the veil of the future
before him who honestly and reverently seeks its pages for a knowledge of
the truth. Those who ignore or despise the prophecies, rob the Bible of
one of the brightest stars in its crown of glory.

To be entitled to claim credit as divine, any book or system should be
able to show that it can correctly foretell the future. The spirits see
this, and, knowing that they cannot do it, discountenance and discourage
all such efforts. Here is a little of their teaching on the subject:--


    "_Ques._--Why are so many predictions made through mediums, which
    prove false?


    "_Ans._--Wonderful _guesses_ are sometimes made by daring spirits.


    "_Q._--Can you tell us anything of the future?


    "_A._--Pharos says you must not ask questions of the future--spirits
    who _prophesy_ are _not good_ spirits.


    "_Q._--Do you mean that it is not best for us to know the future?


    "_A._--Souls on your plane are undergoing discipline, and it would
    cost more than it is worth to foretell the future of your
    state."--_"__Automatic Writing,__"__ pp. 141, 142._


Spiritualists rail at God for prohibiting from Adam and Eve, in the
garden, the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, to keep them in
ignorance. What will they say to these spirits who coolly answer that "it
would cost more than it is worth" to give them any knowledge of future
events? This, perhaps, they will consider all right because it isn't God
who says it.

1. Let us then see what God has said of the time and work and significance
of Spiritualism. Over seven hundred years before Christ, the prophet
Isaiah wrote of our time, as follows: "And when they shall say unto you,
Seek unto them that have familiar spirits, and unto wizards that peep and
that mutter, should not a people seek unto their God? for the living to
the dead? To the law and to the testimony; if they speak not according to
this word, it is because there is no light in them."

Here is certainly a prophecy that a time would come when just such a work
as Spiritualism is now doing would be a distinguishing feature of the age.
The present must be the time referred to, because it has never been so in
any past age; and the present meets the specifications in every
particular. It shows that the only safety for any one now is to seek unto
his God, and make the law and the testimony, the word of God, the great
standard by which to try all spirits. 1 John 4:1. And another great event
is directly connected with this, that is, the second coming of Christ; for
according to verses 16-18, the disciples are then looking for him.

2. Matt. 24:24: "For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets,
and shall show great signs and wonders; insomuch that, if it were
possible, they shall deceive the very elect."

A deception of no ordinary power is here brought to view. It really
results in the division of Christendom; for all but the elect are carried
away by it. In its own claims, Spiritualism fulfils the "Christs" and
"prophets" part of the declaration, claiming of course to be true, while
the Bible says it is "false." The signs and wonders are beginning to be
seen in the many "inexplicable" phenomena attending Spiritualism. But many
more startling exhibitions, as will be presently shown, are yet to appear.
We charge upon Spiritualism, so far, the fulfilment of this prophecy. But
mark! this occurs when the Son of man is about to appear "as the lightning
cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west" (verse 27); and it
is one of the prominent signs of that event. See the prophecy from verse
23 to verse 35. Mark and Luke also dwell upon the same prediction, as
gathered from the lips of our Lord himself.

3. Heb. 10:28, 29: "He that despised Moses' law died without mercy under
two or three witnesses. Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he
be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath
counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy
thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?"

It is the bold stand which Spiritualism has taken against Christ and the
atonement, that makes this scripture applicable to that work. The apostle
is speaking of the times when the great "day is approaching" (verse 25);
when it is but a little while, and he that shall come, will come and will
not tarry (verse 37), and the introduction of verse 29, in such a
connection, becomes a prophecy that such an outbreak against Christ and
his atoning work would be seen when he is about to come again. And the
fulfilment we are now beholding in Spiritualism.

4. Rev. 12:12: "Woe to the inhabiters of the earth and of the sea! for the
devil is come down unto you, having great wrath, because he knoweth that
he hath but a short time."

This scripture locates itself. It is when Satan knows that he has but a
little time to work, and hence it must be in the last days. At this time
he descends upon the world in an avalanche of wrath. "Wrath" is a
misleading term. The words {~GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~} signify the strongest and most
intense emotion of the mind. If the object is to accomplish some
particular end, they would indicate the most intense, concentrated,
energetic, and persistent efforts to that purpose, using every means, and
bringing to bear every influence to reach the result in question. Satan,
as we have seen, has an object in deceiving the human family, as far as
possible, to their destruction, by signs and wonders. In this work,
according to the prophecy before us, he will go to the extent of his
power, and show his most potent signs. Bringing the supposed forms and
features of the dead before living witnesses, is his most successful
method at the present time. But as this work is, as yet, done largely in
the dark, it gives more room for jugglery and imposition. The time will
come, however, when, in open light, counterfeit materializations of the
dead will swarm on earth, and deceive, if it were possible, the very
elect--_i.e._, all who cannot meet the deception with the potent weapon--"It
is written, The dead know not anything, neither have they any more a
portion forever [in the present state of things] in anything that is done
under the sun."

5. Rev. 13:13, 14: "And he doeth great wonders, so that he maketh fire
come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men, and deceiveth them
that dwell on the earth by the means of those miracles which he had power
to do."

This prophecy relates to some earthly government represented by a symbol
with two horns like a lamb. Verse 11. It is part of a prophecy beginning
with chapter twelve, and ending with verse 5 of chapter fourteen. It is
not the place here to introduce an exposition of this prophecy. It is only
necessary to state that the position taken is that the lamblike symbol
represents our own government, the United States of America.(4) And the
great wonders that he does, apply to the marvelous manifestations of
Spiritualism. It is a significant fact that Spiritualism arose in this
country, thus fitting itself exactly to the prophecy. The climax of the
wonders brought to view in the text, making "fire come down from heaven on
the earth in the sight of men," has not yet been reached. More is
therefore to be developed. Yea, this wonder-working power is to go forward
till that which, in the time of Elijah, was the test between the false god
Baal and the Lord Jehovah, is brought to pass, and fire is made to come
down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men. And the sad feature of
this case will be that the multitudes, not perceiving the change of issue,
will take the act down here to be a test of truth, as it was in the days
of Elijah.

Taken in connection with other portions of the book of Revelation, this
prophecy reveals clearly what the agency that works the miracles is. The
dragon, representing paganism (Rev. 12:3, 4); the beast, representing the
papacy (Rev. 13:1-10); and the lamblike symbol, representing
Protestantism, or more specifically, Protestant America (Rev. 13:11-17),
constitute the symbols of this prophecy. For convenience, let us designate
them as _A_, _B_, and _C_; respectively. _C_ works his miracles in sight
of _B_; _B_ and _C_ are again brought to view in Rev. 19:20, and there _C_
is called "the false prophet." We know the false prophet here is the same
as _C_, because he works miracles before _B_, the same as _C_ does in
chapter 13:14. All together, _A_, _B_, and _C_ are brought to view in Rev.
16:13, and unclean spirits like frogs are said to come out of their
mouths; and then verse 14 tells what they are: "For they are spirits of
devils, working miracles." This, then, not the spirits of dead men, is the
agency that works the miracles of chapter 13:13, 14. We follow the subject
so far, at this point, merely to identify the agency that works the
miracles, and shall have more to say upon it. But before passing, we would
remind the reader that here also the subject is connected with the second
coming of Christ; for the prophecy of Revelation 13 ends with the
redemption of the church which immediately follows. Rev. 14:1-5.

6. 2 Thess. 2:9-12: "Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan,
with all power and signs and lying wonders, and with all deceivableness of
unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of
the truth, that they might be saved. And for this cause God shall send
them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie: that they all might
be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in
unrighteousness."

Here, again, we have the great fact brought out with still more startling
emphasis, that there is to be a great outbreaking of Satanic power among
men, just before and up to, the coming of Christ. And if we already see
the preliminary and even far-advanced working of this power in
Spiritualism, the world should stand aghast at the perils of the times in
which we live. The coming of Christ is brought to view in verse 8, and
verse 9 states that at that time Satan will be working with all power. The
common version is calculated to obscure this passage. The words "even him"
(verse 9) are wrongly and unnecessarily supplied. Literally rendered, the
last clause of verse 8, and the first of verse 9 would read as follows:
"Whom the Lord ... shall destroy with the brightness of his [Christ's]
coming; of whom [Christ] the coming is, after [or at the time of] the
working of Satan," etc. The word "after" is from, the Greek {~GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~} (_kata_),
which when referring to time, as in this case, does not mean "after or
according to," but "within the range of, during, in the course of, at,
about," as in 2 Tim. 4:1, where it is rendered "at."

So here is a plain declaration that at the very time when Christ comes
Satan will be working in the hight of his power, by signs and lying
wonders (wonders to prove a lie) to keep the people under falsehood and
deception. Verses 10-12 tell who his victims are, and why they become
such: they are those who preferred the pleasures of sin to the practice of
righteousness, and so would not receive the truth, nor the love of it. In
all such cases God's throne is clear. He always, as in this case, sets
truth first before the people, gives them a chance, and calls upon them to
embrace it, and be saved. But when men, as free moral agents, whom God
will not force into his kingdom, refuse to receive the truth, shut their
eyes, close their ears, and steel their hearts against it, and find their
pleasure in unrighteousness, in going in just the opposite direction;--what
can God do for them? We leave the skeptic himself to answer. For more
years than Spiritualism, in its present phase, has been before the world,
several religious bodies have made a specialty of the great Bible truth
concerning the state of the dead, and life only in Christ, which
effectually shields all those who receive it against the rapping delusion.

7. Rev. 18:2: "And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon
the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils,
and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful
bird."

Among the many predictions given in the word of God touching the last
days, is one which foretokens a wide-spread and lamentable declension in
the religious world. The phrase which embodies it, is the one just quoted,
"Babylon is fallen." The term "Babylon" is not intended nor used as a term
of reproach, but rather as a descriptive word setting forth the very
undesirable condition of "mixture" and "confusion" in the religious world.
It is certainly not the Lord's will, who prayed that all his people should
be one, that scores or hundreds of divisions and sects should exist within
his church. That is owing, exclaims the Catholic, to the Protestant rule
of private judgment. It is not. It is owing to that Pandora's box of
mystical interpretation placed in the church by old Origen, that prince of
mischief-makers. By this method, which has no method and no standard, the
interpretations of God's word will ever be as various and numerous as the
whims and fancies that may find a place in the minds of men.

But all this confusion must be remedied in that church which will be ready
for the second advent; for no people will be prepared for translation but
such as worship the Lord in both _spirit_ and _truth_. To bring the church
to this point, a call has been sent to Christendom in the special truths
for this time. Most turn away, but some are taking the stand to which
these circumstances summon them. The process is simple. It is but to read
and obey God's word in the light of what is called the literal rule of
interpretation. No other rule would ever have been thought of, if the
Devil had let the minds of men alone. By this rule the true Sabbath would
always have been maintained a perfect safeguard against idolatry in the
earth; the law would have held its place as a perfect, immutable, and
eternal rule of conduct, a safeguard against the antinomianism of all ages
and the Spiritualism of to-day; the view that the dead remain unconscious
in the grave till the resurrection, would always have been held, and then
there could have been no purgatory, no masses for the dead, no Mariolatry,
no saint worship--in short, no Roman Catholicism, and no Universalism, nor
Spiritualism; the true nature of the coming and kingdom of Christ would
not have been lost sight of, and the peace and safety fable of a temporal
millennium never could have existed.

To say nothing of other errors that would be corrected, suppose all
Christendom stood together on these four simple truths, how much division
could there have been in the Christian world? A second denomination could
not have existed. And what would have been the condition of things?--As
different from the present condition as one can well imagine--no paganism,
no Roman Catholicism, no Protestantism, no multiplied sects, no
Spiritualism,--but Christianity, broad, united, free, and glorious. Some
are taking their stand on these truths, and so will be shielded from the
delusions of these last days, for which the way, by ages of superstition
and error, has been so artfully prepared. Every one must stand upon them
who is governed by the literal rule of interpretation; for they are read
in so many words out of the sacred volume itself. But the churches
generally reject them, often with bitterness, scorn, and contempt, and
some even with persecution. And this is why Babylon has fallen.

That organization, called in Rev. 17:5: "Mystery, Babylon the Great, the
Mother of Harlots and Abominations of the Earth," has been very generally
applied by Protestants to the Roman Catholic Church; but if that church is
the mother, who are the daughters? This question has been asked for many
years. Alexander Campbell said:--


    "The worshiping establishments now in operation throughout
    Christendom, incased and cemented by their voluminous confessions
    of faith, and their ecclesiastical constitutions, are not churches
    of Jesus Christ, but the legitimate daughters of that mother of
    harlots--the Church of Rome."


Lorenzo Dow said:--


    "We read not only of Babylon, but of the whore of Babylon, styled
    the mother of harlots, which is supposed to mean the Romish
    church. If she be a mother, who are her daughters? It must be the
    corrupt national established churches that came out of her."


The great sin charged against Babylon, is unlawful connection with the
kings of the earth. The church should be entirely free from the state. But
now the churches of America, which have for long years borne so noble a
part, are clamoring for a union with the state, calling for a recognition
of God's name in the Constitution, and God's law in the courts, and that
the government be run on Christian lines. Old, antiquated laws which they
find upon the statute books of various States, they are beginning to use
to persecute those who differ in belief with them; and they seek for the
enactment of more stringent Sunday laws for the same purpose. And when
they shall succeed in getting full control of the state, they will have
severed the last link that has held them to their high estate, show
themselves true members of the Babylonian family, and sink in spirit and
practice to the level of the elder Rome.

Rev. 14:8 was fulfilled in 1844.(5) Since then the churches have been
going down in spirituality and godliness, catering more and more to the
world, indulging in carnal amusements, festivals, wife auctions, and
kissing bees, to the very border line of decency, but especially filling
up with the influences mentioned in Rev. 18:2, till the leaven of
Spiritualism is fast penetrating the whole mass. Yet there are a multitude
of God's people connected with these churches, who deplore the situation,
and for whom a crisis is approaching. The cry is again to be raised,
"Babylon is fallen, come out of her my people." We verily believe the time
has come when that call should be made and heeded; for a little further
progress in the evil path upon which we have entered, will surely provoke
the just judgments of heaven. Verses 4, 5.

8. 2 Tim. 3:8: "Now as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these
also resist the truth: men of corrupt minds, reprobate concerning the
faith."

The first five verses of this chapter portray a dark list of eighteen sins
which will characterize professed Christians in the last days; for those
who bear the characters described, have a _form of godliness_, but deny
the power thereof. The three following verses plainly describe certain
members of the spiritualistic fraternity; and they are said to be of the
same sort. This prophecy therefore becomes parallel to that which has just
been examined. The fall of Babylon prepares the popular churches for
Spiritualism. Here the practice of these sins in the churches, makes them
of the same sort with Spiritualists, so that they fraternize well
together. Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses by the wonders they were able
to perform; so these will resist the truth through the wonders of
Spiritualism. And this is in the last days where we now are. So Babylon's
fall just precedes the coming of Christ.

9. Rev. 16:14: "For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles,
which go forth unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to
gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty."

The work of the spirits reaches its climax in the scene here brought to
view. Their last mission is to go to the kings of the earth to gather them
to the battle of that great day of God Almighty. In this conflict, so far
as this earth is concerned, the great controversy between Christ and Satan
closes in the triumph of Him who rides forth on a white horse at the head
of the white-horsed armies of heaven. The beast and false prophet are
hurled into a lake of fire, and the remnant, the kings of the earth and
their armies, are slain by the sword of him upon whose vesture is
inscribed the all-conquering title, "King of kings and Lord of lords."
Rev. 19:11-21.

But before these spirits can thus influence the kings of the earth, they
must make their way to them and bring them under their control. They have
already shown great facility in this work, giving promise of what they
will be able to do in the near future. A work by Hudson Tuttle, "What Is
Spiritualism?" p. 6, names the following among the late and living crowned
heads, nobility, etc., who have been supporters of Spiritualism:--


    "Emperor Alexander, of Russia; Louis Napoleon, of France; Queen
    Victoria, of England; Prince and Princess Metternich; Prince
    Wittgenstein, Lieutenant Aide-de-camp to the emperor of Russia;
    Hon. Alexander Axahof, Russian Imperial Councilor, St. Petersburg,
    Russia; Baron Guldenstuble, of Paris; Baron Von Schick, of
    Austria; Baron Von Dirkinck, of Holmfield, Holstein; Le Comte de
    Bullet, of Paris; Duke of Leuchtenberg, of Germany. Of England
    there are Lord Lyndhurst, Lord Lindsay, Lord Adare, Lord Dunraven,
    Sir W. Trevilyan, Countess Carthness, Sir T. Willshire, Lady
    Cowper, Sir Charles Napier, Sir Charles Isham, Bart., Colonel E.
    B. Wilbraham, of the English army," etc.


The late Alexander III, of Russia, and the queen of Spain are also
reckoned among the number. Thus, so far as the agency of the spirits is
concerned, there is nothing in the way of the speedy fulfilment of Rev.
16:14.





CONCLUSION.


The reader now has before him, in brief, the main outlines of this
momentous subject.

1. Spiritualism, so far as its phenomena are concerned, is not humbug and
trickery, but a real manifestation of power and intelligence.

2. But the marvels and wonders are not performed by the spirits of the
dead.

3. Evil spirits step in and counterfeit what are supposed to be the
spirits of the dead, in which men have been taught to believe, simulating
points of identity to any minute particular that may be required.

4. Besides starting on this false assumption, all their teaching shows
that they are agents of evil, not of good, and their work is to degrade,
not elevate.

5. The world by long resistance of the truth, has prepared the way for
this deception, which the spirit that worketh in the children of
disobedience is not slow to improve.

6. Even the churches of Christ, by rejection of the truth, are preparing
themselves for the same snare.

7. The Scriptures have plainly pointed out this great outbreak of the
working of Satan, and invariably connected it with the last days and the
second coming of Christ.

8. Spiritualism is thus a subject of prophecy, and an infallible sign and
precursor of the soon-coming end.

9. The great day of the Lord is near and hasteth greatly; and all things
now call upon all men to prepare for its eternal decisions.

Is this the lesson? Who will heed it and thus escape the delusions and
perils of these last days, and be finally saved in the kingdom of heaven?





INDEX OF AUTHORS REFERRED TO.


Alexander, Emperor, 146

Axahof, Hon. Alexander, 146

Adare, Lord, 146

Alexander III., 146

Bellachini, Mr., 14

Barrett, Dr. W. F., 15

Bright, John, 30

Buddha, 86, 87, 88

Brittan, Professor, 111

Brooklyn, May, 128

Channing, Dr., 4

Cook, Joseph, 12

Crookes, Professor, 17

Crookes, Wm., F. R. S., 29

Clarke, Dr. Adam, 50, 56, 91, 92

Carey, Alice, 78

Confucius, 86, 88

Conant, Mrs., 90, 119

Curry, Dr., 56, 92

Claflin, Mr., 109

Carter, Judge, 113

Campbell, Alexander, 143

Carthness, Countess, 146

Cowper, Lady, 146

Dixon, Hepworth, 28

Davis, A. J., 29, 97, 100, 105, 112, 114, 118

Davenport, Messrs., 29

Dow, Lorenzo, 143

Dunraven, Lord, 146

De Bullet, Le Compte, 146

Eglinton, Mr., 13

Edmunds, Judge, 28, 117, 118

Fox, John D., 18

Fox, Mrs., 18, 19, 20, 21

Fox, Margaret, 18, 20, 22

Fox, Kate, 18, 19, 20

Fox, David, 18

Fox, Mary, 21

Fox, Catharine, 22

Franklin, Benjamin, 85

Geary, Mr., 13

Glanvil, Mr., 20

Gridley, Dr., 114, 115

Guldenstuble, Baron, 146

Hazard, Thos. R., 11

Harrison, W. H., F. R. S., 29

Home, Mr., 29

Hendricks, Mrs., 31

Hatch, Mrs. C. L. V., 83, 106

Hare, Dr., 84, 85, 89, 92, 99

Harris, "Rev." T. L., 94

Hall, Hon. J. B., 101

Hatch, Dr., 106

Hudson, T. J., 17, 57, 74, 109, 111

Hull, Moses, 109

Hobart, Mr., 122

Isham, Sir Charles, 146

Jamieson, W. F., 109, 113

Jaubert, M., 126

Keller, Harvy, 13

Krishna, 87

Keck, Professor, 127

Lillie, J. T., 21

Loveland, J. S., 97

Lull, Miss A. L., 125

Lillie, Mrs. R. S., 127

Leuchtenberg, Duke, 146

Lyndhurst, Lord, 146

Lindsay, Lord, 146

Mompesson, Mr., 20

Milton, John, 40

Mohammed, 87, 88

Massey, Gerald, 114

Mahan, Pres., 121

Metternich, Prince, 146

Metternich, Princess, 146

Norton, Deacon John, 89

Napoleon, Louis, 146

Napier, Sir Charles, 146

Owen, Robert Dale, 18, 19

Olshausen, Dr., 56

Orton, Mr., 84

Origen, 141

Putnam, Allen, 75

Paine, Thomas, 85, 87

Potter, Dr. William B., 107

Parker, Theodore, 114

Queen of Spain, 146

Redfield, Mrs., 21

Randolph, Dr. B. P., 104, 105, 112, 128

Richmond, Mrs. Cora L. V., 126

Slade, Mr., 14

Savage, M. J., 15, 22, 24, 25, 32

Stead, W. T., 31

Stanford, Leland, 31

Tiffany, Joel, 90

Tuttle, Hudson, 113, 116, 146

Trevilyan, Sir W., 146

Underhill, Leah Fox, 21

Underwood, Mrs. S. A., 26, 80, 123

Vinet, Dr., 5

Victoria, Queen, 146

Von Schick, Baron, 146

Von Dirkinck, Baron, 146

Wesley, Mr., 20

Wood, Rev. J. G., 26

Wallace, Alfred R. F. R. S., 29, 30

Weisse, Dr., 84

Washington, George, 85, 114

Wilson, R. P., 88

Whitney, J. F., 105

Woodhull, Mrs., 109

Wilson, James Victor, 112, 113

Webster, Professor, 118

Watson, Dr., 125

Wittgenstein, Prince, 146

Willshire, Sir T., 146

Wilbraham, Col. E. B., 146

Zoellner, Professor, 12, 13

Zoroaster, 68, 88





INDEX OF BOOKS, PAPERS, ETC., QUOTED.


Automatic or Spirit Writing, 15, 26, 80, 86, 98, 111, 119, 120, 121, 123,
124, 133

_Arena_, The, 15

Astounding Facts from the Spirit World, 114

_Banner of Light_, 21, 78, 79, 83, 84, 86, 89, 90, 97, 101, 119, 123, 125,
126, 127

_Christian at Work_, The, 29, 30

_Chronicle_, San Francisco 29

Century Dictionary, 35

_Christian Reformer_, The, 129

Declaration of Principles of the Spiritualists, 102, 125

Dealings with the Dead, 104, 112, 123

Death and the After Life, 118

Discussion with Tiffany and Rhen, 121

_Forum_, The, 16, 22

Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World, 18

_Fortnightly Review_, 29, 30

Home Circle, 14

Healing of the Nations, 96, 97, 99, 102

_Herald_, Boston, 130

Kojiki Nohonki, 132

Koran, 132

Kan-Ying-Peen, 132

Law of Physic Phenomena, 17, 57, 74, 109, 111

Life in Two Spheres, 113, 116

Law Books of Manu, 132

Mesmerism, Spiritualism, Witchcraft, and Miracles, 75

_North American_, Philadelphia, 11

Nineteenth Century Miracles, 13, 126

Nature of Divine Revelation, 97

Paradise Lost, 40

_Pathfinder_, New York, 105

Purana, 132

_Quarterly Journal of Science_, 29

_Religio-Philosophical Journal_, 14, 28, 80, 125

Report of the 37th Anniversary of Modern Spiritualism, 21

_Review of Reviews_, 31

_Record_, Philadelphia, 128

_Spiritual Clarion_, 14

_Spiritual Telegraph_, 83, 96, 122

Spiritual Science Demonstrated, 89, 92

Spiritualism as It Is, 107, 108, 123

Spiritualism 118

Shaster, 132

_The Border Land_, 31

Treatise on Christian Doctrine, 40

_Truth Seeker_, 83

Telegraphic Answer to Mahan, 111

The Diakka and their Earthly Victims, 112, 113

_Tribune_, Chicago, 128, 129

Tao-Te-King, 132

Tripitaka, 132

Veda, 132

_World_, New York, 30

What Is Spiritualism, 146

Zend Avesta, 132





INDEX OF TEXTS OF SCRIPTURE ILLUSTRATED OR EXPLAINED.


GENESIS.
  1:1-5, 93
  1:28, 68
  2:2, 46
  2:7, 45
  3:4, 39
  4:10, 52
  7:21, 22, 45
  35:18, 61

LEVITICUS.
  19:31, 36, 53

NUMBERS.
  16:22, 48, 50
  27:16, 50

DEUTERONOMY.
  13:1-3, 5, 77
  18:9-12, 36

1 SAMUEL.
  Chap. 28, 52, 53

1 KINGS.
  4:1, 73
  17:21, 22, 61

2 KINGS.
  19:35, 72
  21:2, 6, 9, 11, 36

JOB.
  7:21, 62
  14:21, 63
  19:25-27, 93
  34: 14, 15, 45

PSALMS.
  6:5, 63
  13:3, 62
  17:15, 93
  115:17, 63
  119:105, 131
  146:3, 4, 62

ECCLESIASTES.
  3:19, 21, 45
  8:11, 101
  9:5, 6, 10, 43
  12:7, 44, 45

ISAIAH.
  5:20, 101
  8:19, 74
  8:19, 20, 75, 133
  14:12-14, 67
  26:19, 93
  38:1, 5, 18, 19, 63
  61:1, 50

EZEKIEL.
  18:20, 97
  28:, 67
  28:2, 12-15, 68
  37:12, 93

DANIEL.
  11:2, 93

HOSEA.
  13:14, 93

HABAKKUK.
  2:11, 52

MATTHEW.
  10:28, 50, 51, 52
  10:39, 51
  15:13, 9
  17:3, 56
  22:23-28, 32, 61
  24:23-35, 135
  24:24, 83, 134
  24:30, 31, 58
  25:32, 33, 97
  27:18, 85
  28:3, 4, 72

LUKE.
  10:18, 71
  14:14, 64
  16:, 57
  19:35, 64
  23:39-43, 58, 59

JOHN.
  3:6, 46
  3:19-21, 109
  6:39,40, 64
  6:40, 51
  8:44, 67
  11:11, 62
  11:25, 55
  14:30, 68
  19:31-33, 60
  20:17, 59

ACTS.
  7:60, 62
  16:16-18, 36
  17:31, 64
  26:23, 57

ROMANS.
  2:15, 95
  4:17, 61
  6:16, 68
  6:23, 97

1 CORINTHIANS.
  11:30, 62
  15:, 92
  15:18, 64
  15:51, 62
  15:51-54, 61

2 CORINTHIANS.
  4:4, 68
  5:2, 61
  12:2-4, 59

GALATIANS.
  5:19-21, 36

EPHESIANS.
  2:2, 68
  6:11, 72
  6:12, 73

PHILIPPIANS.
  3:11, 61
  1:23, 61

1 THESSALONIANS.
  4:14, 62
  4:15-17, 58, 61
  5:23, 48

2 THESSALONIANS.
  2:8,9, 139
  2:9-12, 138

1 TIMOTHY.
  1:17, 42
  3:6, 67
  4:1, 73, 88
  6:16 42

2 TIMOTHY.
  3:8, 144
  4:1, 8, 64
  4:1, 10-12, 139

HEBREWS.
  2:14, 55
  10:25-29, 135
  11:15, 16, 61
  11:40, 48
  12:9, 23, 50
  12:23, 47, 50

JAMES.
  4:6-8, 72

1 PETER.
  1:11, 49
  3:19, 48
  3:20, 49
  5:8, 9, 73

2 PETER.
  1:16-18, 56
  1:19, 131
  2:4, 66, 72
  3:7, 13, 72

1 JOHN.
  2:22, 87
  2:23, 83
  4:1, 16-18, 134
  4:3, 88
  5:18, 72

JUDE.
  Verse 4, 88
  " 6, 66
  " 9, 55

REVELATION.
  2:7, 59
  5:13, 72
  6:9-11, 52
  12:3, 4, 137
  12:7, 71
  12:12, 135
  13:1-10, 137
  13:11, 13, 14, 136
  13:11-17, 138
  14:1-5, 138
  14:8, 144
  16:13, 14, 75, 138
  16:14, 145, 146
  17:5, 142
  18:2, 140
  18:2, 4, 5, 144
  19:11-21, 145
  19:20, 138
  20:4-6, 51
  20:14, 15, 72
  21:8, 36, 93
  22:1, 2, 59
  22:15, 93






FOOTNOTES


    1 Original edition.

    2 Original edition. Not found in the mutilated edition, revised by Dr.
      Curry.

    3 The revision of Dr. Clarke's Commentary by Dr. Curry, proves the
      truthfulness of what the doctor here says, for this important
      passage is entirely eliminated, and its place filled with statements
      which Dr. Clarke did not make, and sentiments which he did not
      believe. It is no less than a crime to treat a dead man's work in
      this manner.

    4 For a full argument on this point, fortified by testimony, the
      application of which is beyond question, see works treating on the
      United States as a subject of prophecy, for sale by the
      International Tract Society, Battle Creek, Mich.

    5 See works on the three messages of Revelation 14, for sale by the
      International Tract Society, Battle Creek, Mich.





***