



Produced by David E. Brown and The Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)









  FRYE'S

  PRACTICAL

  CANDY MAKER

  COMPRISING PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

  FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF

  Fine "Hand-Made" Candies,

  ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR

  FINE RETAIL TRADE.

  BY G. V. FRYE,
  PRACTICAL CANDY MAKER,
  CHICAGO, ILL.




  Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1884, by G. V.
  FRYE, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
  Rights of Translation reserved.

  COPY-RIGHT SECURED.

  I authorize any lawyer, or other person, in the United States, to
  notify me should any one attempt to reprint the foregoing receipts.
  I will pay them, and all infringments will be prosecuted to the full
  extent of the law.

  G. V. FRYE

  PRESS OF E. J. DECKER, CHICAGO.




PREFACE.


It is not my intention in presenting this volume to the trade to write a
long, dry dissertation on Confectionery, but to give plain practical
receipts for the manufacture of fine Hand-made Counter Goods, and as I
make no pretensions to literary merit, I hope to disarm criticism.

The work is the fruit of years of personal experience in the manufacture
of fine candies, and though containing much, it does not pretend to
teach all that a candy-maker should know; that must be learned by years
of practice. Although not perfect, confectioners will find this little
volume a useful one, if not invaluable. Its utility even to those who
are skilled in the art of candy making appears to the writer to be
great. But it is more especially designed for confectioners whose
business does not justify their securing the services of skilled
workmen. Many confectioners would be glad to exhibit to their customers
a fine display of choice hand-made candies, knowing that by so doing
they would soon increase their trade, but the wages of a good workman,
in this line, are high, and he can not afford to keep one. The prices
asked for the goods, by those that will wholesale them, make them too
expensive to be practical, and at the same time the goods do not ship in
good order, even if he had a favorable opportunity of buying them, so he
is obliged to handle a line of cheap goods, which seldom give any
satisfaction, or at least, do not create a desire for candies from his
place; hence, his trade, or what should be his trade, is swallowed up by
those whose goods are fresh and tempting. To such, the importance of
this little volume, ready at call, to assist the confectioner in making
a fine line of counter goods, is too plain to require discussion.

In conclusion, I earnestly hope these practical receipts will be an
acceptable offering to a very large number of confectioners, whose
prosperity I would promote. To them it is commended with the respects of
the author.

                                                          G. V. FRYE.




CONTENTS.


SUGAR.                                                   PAGE

  How to Select,                                            9
  Facts for the Workman,                                 9-10
  Degrees of Boiling, either with Thermometer,
    Saccharometer, or Water Cook,                       11-13


COLORS.

  Kinds to Use, and How to Make,                        14-16


STICK CANDY.

  Peppermint,                                              17
  Lemon,                                                   19
  Wintergreen,                                             19
  Cinnamon,                                                19
  Sassafras,                                               19
  Cloves,                                                  19


FRUIT ROCK.

  Strawberry,                                           20-21
  Lemon Slices,                                            22
  Checkerboard,                                         22-23
  Lettered Candy,                                          23


COUGH, AND OTHER DROPS.

  Lemon, or Sour,                                          24
  Mint, "New" and "Old Style,"                          24-25
  Malt,                                                    25
  Lime Juice,                                              25
  Wild Cherry,                                             26
  Hoarhound,                                               26
  Boneset,                                                 27
  Iceland Moss,                                            27
  Flaxseed,                                                27
  Eng. Barley Sugar,                                       27
  Tar,                                                     28
  Fruit, In Five Flavors,                               28-29


TAFFIES.

  Vanilla,                                                 30
  Pine Apple,                                              30
  Lemon,                                                   31
  Chocolate,                                               31
  Cocoanut,                                                31
  Molasses, "Old" and "New Style,"                      31-32


TAFFIES, (EXTRA FINE).

  Hickory Nut,                                             33
  Walnut,                                                  33
  Cocoanut,                                                33
  Brazil,                                                  34


BAR CANDIES.

  Brown Almond,                                            35
  Blanched Almond,                                         35
  Peanut,                                                  36
  Sliced Cocoanut,                                         36
  Brazil,                                                  36
  English Walnut,                                          36
  Fruit,                                                   36
  Molasses Sliced Cocoanut,                                37
  Black Walnut,                                         37-38


CARAMELS.

  Vanilla, No. 1,                                          39
     "     No. 2,                                          40
  Maple,                                                   40
  Strawberry,                                              40
  Cocoanut,                                                40
  Honey,                                                   41
  Pulled,                                                  41
  Chocolate, Plain,                                        41
  Chocolate, Cream,                                        42
  Vanilla, Opera,                                          42
  Maple, Opera,                                            43
  Chocolate, "                                             43
  Nut,                                                     43


BUTTER CUPS.

  Butter,                                                  44
  Hickory Nut,                                          44-45
  Nectar,                                                  46
  Walnut,                                                  46
  Cocoanut,                                                46
  Chocolate,                                               46
  Lemon, or Sour,                                          47
  Fruit,                                                   47


COCOANUT GOODS.

  Cocoanut Bar, White,                                     48
     "      "   Red,                                       48
     "      "   Yellow,                                    48
  Vanilla Cocoanut Paste,                                  49
  Strawberry  "      "                                     49
  Maple       "      "                                     49
  Chocolate   "      "                                     49
  White Cocoanut Cakes,                                    49
  Molasses  "      "                                       50
  Cocoanut Potatoes,                                       50
      "    Biscuits,                                       51
      "    <DW61>,                                            51
  Molasses Cocoanut <DW61>,                                   52
  Spanish Cocoanut Kisses,                                 52


ALMOND GOODS.

  Almond Paste,                                            53
    "    Gems,                                             53
  Cream Almonds,                                           54
  Burnt   "                                                55
  Salted  "                                                56
  Almond Nougat,                                        56-57


MISCELLANEOUS GOODS.

  Fruit Cake,                                              58
  Nut    "                                                 58
  Cream Peppermints,                                       58
    "   Wintergreens,                                      59
  Small Mint Drops,                                        59
  Molasses Mint Drops,                                     59
  Mint Cakes,                                              60
    "  Kisses,                                             60
  Lemon Cakes,                                             60
  Boston Chips,                                            60
  Flake Candies,                                           61
  Strings of Comfort,                                      61
  Pan Creams,                                              62
  Butter Scotch,                                           62
  Maple Cream for Counter,                                 62
  Cream Bars, or Baby Cream,                               63
  Fig Bar,                                                 64
  Fig Paste,                                               64
  Jelly Gum Drops, Lemon,                                  65
       "     "     Rose,                                   65
  A. B. Gum Drops, "Old Style,"                            65
  Cordial Drops,                                           66
  Marshmallow Drops,                                       66
  Glace Nuts and Fruits,                                67-68


CREAM GOODS.

  Cream, or Fondant,                                       69
  Fondant for Dipping,                                     69
  How to Flavor and Color Cream,                           70
  Syrup for Crystallizing,                                 70
  Casting In Starch,                                       71
  Maple Fondant,                                           72
  Dipped Bonbons,                                          72
  Cordials Dipped,                                         73
  Dipped Maple Bonbons,                                    73
  Chocolate Bonbons,                                       74
  Conserve    "                                            74
  Dipped Jelly Gums,                                       75
  Cocoanut Marshmallow Bonbons,                            75
  Fruit Icings,                                            76
  Almond Icings,                                           76
  Hickory Nut Icings,                                      77
  Fruit Nougat,                                            77
  Cream Walnuts,                                           78
    "   Dates,                                             78
    "   Cherries and Raisins,                              79
  Cream Bonbons,                                           79
  Jelly Cream Bonbons,                                     79
  Conserve Bonbons,                                        80
     "     Icings,                                         80
  Log Icings,                                              81
  Acorn Bonbons,                                           82
  Fig Creams,                                              82
  Jelly Rolls,                                             83
  Almond Confits,                                          83
  Crab Apples,                                             83
  Pine Apple Creams,                                       84


CHOCOLATE WORK.

  How to make Chocolate Cream Drops,                       85
  To make Sweet Chocolate from Plain,                      86
  Pralines or Fancy Chocolates,                            87
  Varnish for Chocolate Work,                              88
  Apple Jelly,                                             88
  Apricot "                                                89
  Preserving Fruits,                                       89
  Glazed Fruits,                                           90
  Brandied Cherries,                                       90

SYRUPS FOR THE SODA WATER FOUNTAIN.

  Simple Syrup,                                            91
  Vanilla,                                                 92
  Chocolate,                                               92
  Coffee,                                                  93
  Lemon,                                                   93
  Orange,                                                  94
  Strawberry,                                              94
  Raspberry,                                               94
  Blackberry,                                              94
  Pine Apple,                                              94
  Cherry,                                                  94
  Peach and Apricot,                                       94
  Nectar,                                                  95
  Catawba,                                                 95
  Orgeat, or Almond,                                       95
  Ginger,                                                  96
  Cream,                                                   96
  Sherbert,                                                96
  Sarsaparilla,                                            96
  Cayenne,                                                 96
  Cinnamon,                                                96
  Maple,                                                   96




SUGAR.


In selecting Sugar the confectioner must bear in mind that it is the
foundation of all confectionery, and he can not expect to manufacture
first-class goods except from first-class material; hence, select only
Sugar that is perfectly dry and of uniform quality, and in white, hard,
sparkling crystals; only such Sugar will give satisfaction.

In addition to selecting Sugar, particular attention must be paid to the
changes that Sugar undergoes in passing from one degree to another while
cooking, and also its action when united with such ingredients as cream
of tartar, glucose, molasses, nuts, fruits, etc. This must be done if
one expects to be a proficient workman in the art of making fine
candies.


FACTS FOR THE WORKMAN.

To have the following receipts produce the results desired certain
conditions are imposed on the workman. In the first place, the best of
Confectioner's Sugar must be used. Second, one quart of water to each
six pounds of sugar, unless more than eighteen pounds is used, in which
case, add only one pint of water to each additional six pounds. Third,
the amount of cream of tartar or glucose mentioned in each receipt.
Fourth, that all goods are to be cooked over a rapid fire unless
otherwise ordered. To show the importance of this I will illustrate: In
several places I have said "cook the sugar until it begins to turn
yellow or about 330 deg. by the thermometer." Now, if the best sugar, right
amount of cream of tartar and water, and the batch is boiled over a
rapid fire, it will not vary but a degree or so from turning at 330 deg.,
but if a lower grade of sugar is used, more cream of tartar, more water,
and the batch is boiled over a slow fire, the sugar will turn probably
before the batch reaches 300 deg., and the goods when made would soon become
sticky and unfit for the counter. There are often times when a poorer
grade of sugar must be worked and there is no reason why poor goods
should be made from it, but good judgment is necessary. If the sugar is
damp, use only water enough to dissolve it, use less cream of tartar and
cook over a very rapid fire; yet, such sugar can not be used for
first-class goods, and should not be used at all unless the best can not
be procured.

In flavoring candies never use ether flavors, only pure fruit extracts
and oils.

Put all hard sugar goods, as soon as made, into air tight tin boxes, so
they are not exposed to the atmosphere until needed for the counter.

In coloring the cheaper grades of hard candies, always make decided
colors, but in the finer hard goods and cream work make only delicate
shades.

Always dissolve cream of tartar in a small quantity of water before
adding it to the batch.


DEGREES OF BOILING SUGAR.

THREAD.

The first degree found in boiling Sugar is called the Thread. The manner
of ascertaining this is: having placed the batch on the furnace, which
for example we will call six pounds of sugar and one quart of water,
stir with a wooden spatula or skimming ladle until dissolved, having
boiled a short time, raise the skimmer from the batch, pass the fore
finger of the left hand across it, retaining on the end of the finger
some of the syrup; now place the end of the finger on the thumb, and
separate them, if a thread is formed between them, which breaks and
settles on the thumb, the degree is reached. By the thermometer this
degree is 220, by saccharometer 33 deg.


PEARL.

The next degree is the Pearl, and is indicated by trying as before, and
if able to separate finger and thumb to fullest extent, the degree is
reached. The thermometer will show at this degree, 226 deg., saccharometer,
37 deg.

BLOW.

Continue the boiling, and raising the skimmer, blow through it, if small
air bubbles appear on opposite side, the blow is reached, and the
thermometer will show 230 deg., saccharometer, 40 deg.

FEATHER.

Proceed with the boiling a few minutes, raise the skimmer and blow
through it as before, if a greater number of air bubbles appear the
degree is reached. The thermometer will indicate 236 deg., saccharometer,
42 deg.

SOFT BALL.

The next degree is the Soft Ball, and is determined in the following
manner: Place a measure of cold water near the furnace, and after
inserting the right hand in the water reach in the batch with two fore
fingers and bring out a small portion of syrup, immediately putting your
hand back in the water, and if you can work the syrup into a soft ball
in the water it has reached that degree. The thermometer showing 240 deg.,
saccharometer, 44 deg.

HARD BALL.

In a short time try as before, and if you can form the syrup into a hard
ball that will stick to the teeth, when bitten, the degree is reached.
The thermometer showing 248 deg., the saccharometer after this degree ceases
to indicate correctly.

SOFT CRACK.

The next degree reached, after continuing the boiling for a short time,
is the Soft Crack. Try in the water, as before, and if the syrup cracks
when pressed by the finger and thumb, but on holding a moment, forms
into a hard ball again, it is the degree sought. The thermometer shows
this degree to be 252 deg.

CRACK.

Test as before, and if the syrup cracks easily and will not form a ball,
it has reached the crack. The thermometer marks this degree 260.

HARD CRACK.

The next degree we use, is when after being tested as before, it cracks
like egg shells, and will eat up readily. The thermometer shows at this
degree 290 deg.

The degrees higher than the Hard Crack or 290 deg. are used only for such
goods as machine drops, stick candies, etc., and will be explained as we
proceed.




COLORS.


In choosing Colors for candy, certain qualifications are necessary.
First, they must not fade or change when exposed to the light. Second,
they must not be easily affected by acids or alkalies; hence, it has
been difficult to produce colors that are reasonably permanent and at
the same time harmless. Yet the following will be found as near perfect
as any yet produced.


RED, COCHINEAL COLOR.

Put on the fire, in a copper basin, two quarts of water; when it comes
to a boil, add one fourth of a pound powdered Alum; then the same amount
of powdered Cochineal; next, the same quantity of Salts of Tartar; let
it boil a minute, stirring all the time, then set off the fire, and stir
in six ounces Cream of Tartar; place again on the fire, and boil about
five minutes; then strain through a fine sieve; when cool enough, put
into a glass jar. Do not cover it, as it keeps much better when open to
the air.


CARMINE.

Take a three or four ounce bottle, fill half full of best No. 40
Carmine, and add Ammonia sufficient to fill the bottle; shake well, and
it is ready for use.


YELLOW, SAFFRON COLOR.

Put into a basin one pint of water, add to it two ounces of Spanish
Saffron, twelve ounces of Sugar, and one ounce of powdered Alum, boil
these together for eight or ten minutes, then strain through a damp
flannel bag; when cold add to it one gill of Spirits of Wine, and bottle
for use.


ANOTHER YELLOW.

This is made in the same way as the above, except use Fustic, instead of
Saffron, and one quart of water; it comes cheaper, but when used with
powdered sugar often turns brown, as much of the powdered sugar contains
traces of iron, being ground in iron mills; but used with other goods it
produces a bright yellow.


ORANGE.

This is made by adding red color to the yellow, and is done, as you need
it, by simply coloring, whatever you want orange, a bright yellow, then
add to it a few drops of red.


GREEN.

Take one peck of fresh Spinach, rub it to a pulp in a mortar, squeeze
from it all juice possible, and put it in a basin on the fire, and it
will soon curdle, as milk does when sour; immediately set off and strain
through a fine sieve; take the curd and add to it its bulk in powdered
Sugar, a few drops of Spirits of Wine, and what powdered Alum you can
hold on the point of a pen knife; bottle for use. Another nice green can
be made by adding to the second formula given for making yellow, a
sufficient quantity of Indigo to make it the shade desired.


BLUE.

Powder one-half ounce of Indigo, add to it enough Simple Syrup to make
it the consistency of cream, and one-half ounce Spirits of Wine.


BURNT SUGAR COLOR.

Take any quantity of scrap, dissolve and strain them, set on the fire
and cook until it begins to burn; now deaden the fire a little and let
burn slowly until very black, and the syrup, when raising the spatula,
does not run off freely; then add, very slowly, two gallons of boiling
water to each ten pounds of syrup, cooked by means of a long handled
dipper, pouring a stream no larger than a straw at first, when all is
added; let boil a few moments, then put into a crock for use.




STICK CANDIES.


As this line of goods are sold so cheap, the manufacturer of it is
almost entirely confined to the wholesale factory, the retailer
preferring to buy rather than to make it; yet, for those who may wish to
make their own, below will be found a formula which will make
first-class goods, but it must be remembered that considerable practice
and good taste is necessary to make nice stick candy.


PEPPERMINT STICK.

Twelve pounds of sugar, two quarts of water, stir until dissolved, then
add one full teaspoon of cream of tartar, (or if you wish to use
glucose, add three pounds of same, do this when you are weighing your
sugar, by hollowing out a place in the center of the sugar and pouring
in the glucose). Now put on the steamer and let it remain until the
batch begins to cook, then remove; in this way all the grains of sugar
adhereing to the sides of the basin are washed down; however, if any
should remain they must be removed with a damp sponge or cloth, as
otherwise they might grain your batch. Now cook till the sugar just
begins to turn yellow, then remove at once and pour out on a greased
slab, or if boiling by a thermometer, remove batch at about 330 deg. Now
throw in the edges of the batch and fold all together, take about two
pounds of the batch while it is still hot, and add to it red color, and
work it in with your hands or a batch knife, then place it on the
spinning table before the heater, to keep it warm. Now place the batch
on the hook, and flavor with peppermint oil, and pull perfectly white,
then form it into a roll; take about one-half of the red piece and pull
it into a wide strip just long enough to reach lengthwise across the
batch, then spin out the remainder of the red into six small strips, and
place them in same manner on batch, about one inch apart; then taking
hold of one end of the batch with right hand, hold it up, letting it
form itself into the shape of a wine bottle; now roll it before the
heater until it is warm enough to spin out nicely, and while one person
keeps the batch in shape, let another spin it out, rolling it as he does
so; when of the length desired break it off by suddenly striking it with
the edge of the hand, or cutting with the shears, and have a third party
roll until cold, then cut the sticks in lengths wanted, by means of the
candy shears.


LEMON STICK.

Prepare and cook same as peppermint; leave the batch clear, and flavor
with Lemon Oil on the slab before throwing it together; then takeing
about, or a little more than half the quantity that you  red for
mint, pull white on the hook; form this into strips on the batch, as you
did in mint, then spin out somewhat smaller, as the candy being clear
will weigh heavier.


WINTERGREEN STICK.

Same as before, except when it begins to boil, color red in the basin;
when poured out on the slab and cooled enough to pull, reserve about one
pound of the clear red for the stripes; then having pulled the remainder
a nice pink shade, form the clear red piece into three stripes, of even
size, and place them on the batch about three inches apart, and proceed
as before.


CINNAMON STICK.

Same as peppermint, except put three red stripes, as in wintergreen.


SASSAFRAS STICK.

Pulled white, with two red and one yellow stripe, the yellow being
between the red.


CLOVE STICK.

Clear, with three white stripes of even size.




FRUIT ROCK.

These goods require a great deal of practice, and a new beginner will
waste considerable sugar before he can accomplish it in first-class
style. I shall explain a few kinds, and by the time you can make these
nicely you will be able to make any design you may wish.


STRAWBERRY ROCK.

Boil any amount of sugar, treat in the same manner as for stick candy;
when done pour out almost two-thirds of batch on the slab, and color the
rest red in the basin, and place again on the furnace, stirring the
color into the batch, then pour out. Now take a small piece of the first
poured out, say three-fourths of a pound, and color green and place it
before the heater. Now pull the remaining perfectly white; take about
one pound of this and form into a roll, about four or five inches in
length, then wrap around this about one-third of your red batch. Now
spin this out about five feet in length, and cut it into fifteen pieces
about four inches in length. Now put five of these together, then four
on top of these, then three, then two and one, forming a triangle. Now
form your green into a very thin, wide strip about twelve inches in
length; cut in three equal pieces, lay two of these flat on the table
and stand the third one in the middle. Now place a block of white on
either side of the perpendicular piece, forming a square of the whole;
place this on the base of the triangle already formed. Now wrap all the
white remaining around the whole, then forming the red into a thin sheet
wrap around the white and spin out as stick candy, when cold cut into
small cuts, by holding a stick in the left hand, letting it rest on an
iron bar and cutting with a knife in the right.


LEMON SLICES.

Having cooked your batch same as last, pour all out on the slab and
color one-fourth yellow; pull another one-fourth white, take of the
white just pulled one-half pound and roll all the clear around it in
such a way as the white will be in the center, then cut this into two
pieces, one being somewhat larger than the other; take the larger one,
spin it out into a strip about three feet in length, and cut into six
sticks of even length; place two of these together and third one on top,
forming a triangle; do the same with the other three, cut a small piece
from the pulled piece left and form it into two thin sheets and cover
two sides of the two triangles; pull out the remaining clear piece same
as the other and form two more triangles; then place the two triangles
covered white opposite each other, then the two other ones opposite, the
sharp edges of all meeting in the center. Now wrap the white remaining
around this, then the yellow, and spin out as before.


CHECKERBOARD.

Having poured the batch on the slab, color one-third of it chocolate;
this is done by kneeding into the batch about one and one-half ounces of
melted chocolate to each pound. Now leave another one-third of the batch
clear and pull the remaining third, reserving from it before pulling,
one and one-half pounds; form the clear into a square, also the
chocolate and place both together, then pull it out eight feet in
length, keeping the strips square. Now cut into sixteen pieces of six
inches each and build into a square block, the chocolate on the clear,
the clear on the chocolate, then wrap the white around it and spin out
the small clear piece into very small strips and place them on the batch
about one inch apart, proceed to spin out as before.


LETTERED CANDY.

This is made in the same manner as the Fruit Rock, and simply requires
good taste and practice.




DROPS.


LEMON OR SOUR DROPS.

Cook your batch the same as for Lemon Stick, about twelve pounds, pour
it out on the slab, fill an ordinary glass half full of tartaric acid,
add a little water, and work it into a paste; scatter this over the
batch, also a few drops of lemon oil. Now throw the batch together, and
with the batch knife work the acid through the batch; when cold enough
run through the drop machine, any design desired; remember the acid and
flavor must be worked in while the batch is still hot. The old way of
using the acid, dry, does not make as nice drop as the paste.


MINT DROPS.

Take twelve pounds of sugar, treat it in the same manner as you would
for Mint Stick. Color about two pounds red, for the stripes, pull the
rest white, form it into a roll and place fine red stripes around the
batch, about one inch apart; spin out as stick candy, but do not roll
it, as the stripes should remain straight; run through a sour drop
cutter.


"OLD STYLE" MINT DROPS.

Cook any number of pounds of clear scraps, as high as possible without
burning; use no cream of tartar or glucose; pour on the slab and flavor
with mint oil before throwing together, pull a small piece of the batch
as white as possible, and form it into stripes about one inch apart,
around the batch, and run through a drop machine.


MALT DROPS.

Twelve pounds of Sugar, small spoon of cream tartar or two pounds of
glucose, and cook until sugar begins to turn, or about 330 deg. by the
thermometer, if using cream of tartar; if glucose, the sugar will turn
sooner. Now add about one pint extract of Malt, slowly; this should be
warm before adding, stir until batch is ready to pour on the slab, which
will require a few moments, as the Malt reduces the batch; be very
careful and not let it scorch or burn, as that will destroy the fine
flavor of the Malt; run through a drop machine, any design wished.


LIME JUICE DROPS.

Twelve pounds of Sugar, small spoon of cream of tartar, or three pounds
of glucose; cook until sugar is just on the point of turning yellow,
keeping the sides of the basin well washed down; pour out at once on
oiled or greased slab, add to batch about one-half as much tartaric
acid as for Lemon Drops; form the acid into a paste by adding to it a
few drops of Lime Juice, work it into the batch, in the same way as for
lemon, together with half a teaspoon green color, and a few drops of Oil
of Lime; then run through a drop machine, forming a thin round, or
square drop.


WILD CHERRY DROPS.

Twelve pounds of Sugar, small spoon of cream of tartar, or three pounds
of glucose; when it boils add a few drops of red color, just enough to
tint the batch, then cook to a very Hard Crack, or 300 deg. or 310 deg. Set off
and stir in a tablespoon of extract of Wild Cherry and pour out on a
greased slab between iron bars. Make the batch cover a space at least
three feet square; as soon as it cools a little, run over it with a
caramel marker, both ways; this must be done quickly or the batch will
get too cold to mark.


HOARHOUND DROPS.

Boil in three quarts of water for five or ten minutes about five ounces
of Hoarhound, then strain through a fine sieve. Take this liquor and add
to it twelve pounds of Sugar and a small spoon of cream of tartar, or
two pounds of glucose, and cook to a Hard Crack, or 290 deg. or 300 deg. Then
pour out and run through a machine, or mark with a caramel marker, as
Wild Cherry. All or part clear scraps can be used instead of sugar, in
which case use no cream of tartar or glucose.


BONESET DROPS.

Same as Hoarhound, except make a liquor of Boneset instead of Hoarhound.


ICELAND MOSS DROPS.

Boil five ounces of Iceland Moss in three quarts of water for ten
minutes; strain and add to liquor twelve pounds of Sugar, small spoon
cream of tartar, or two pounds glucose; when it comes to a boil color a
deep red; cook to same degree as Hoarhound, flavor with a few drops Oil
Anise and pour on slab between iron bars and mark with caramel marker.


FLAX SEED DROPS.

Six pounds of Sugar, one quart of water, small spoon of cream of tartar,
or one or two pounds of glucose; cook to a Hard Crack, then stir in
three ounces of whole or powdered Flax-seeds and let cook a few moments;
pour out and either mark into squares with caramel marker, or run
through a drop machine.


ENGLISH BARLEY SUGAR DROPS.

Six pounds of Sugar, small spoon cream of tartar, or one pound of
glucose; cook to a Hard Crack, or 290 deg. Stir in four ounces butter and
a few drops of Lemon Oil, then pour out and mark as Iceland Moss, etc.


TAR DROPS.

Six pounds of Sugar, small spoon of cream of tartar, or two pounds of
glucose; cook to a Hard Crack, or 290 deg. Pour out on a well greased slab
and add about a small spoon of Pine Tar; then with a batch knife work it
through the batch, and run through a drop machine.


FRUIT DROPS, FIVE FLAVORS.

Twenty pounds of Sugar, three quarts of water, a heaping teaspoon of
cream of tartar, or sixteen pounds of Sugar and four pounds of glucose;
cook till the Sugar begins to turn yellow, then pour out at once; to one
fourth of the batch add two or three drops of red color, just enough to
make it a bright pink, then two full teaspoons of tartaric acid paste,
and a few drops of Nectar; to another fourth of the batch add sufficient
red color to make it a deep red, the same quantity of acid paste, and a
few drops of Strawberry flavor; to the remaining half of the batch add
as much acid as was given to the other two and a few drops of Lemon Oil;
run these through a drop machine, forming round drops. Now cook ten
pounds of Sugar in the same manner, color one-half of it Orange shade
and flavor, add acid paste as before, the other half color green, and
flavor Lime Juice; run through the same set of rolls.




TAFFIES.


VANILLA TAFFY.

Six pounds of Sugar, small spoon of cream of tartar or two pounds of
glucose; cook just to the Crack, or 252 deg., add to it while cooking one
Vanilla Bean, split in two; when poured on the slab remove the bean, and
when cold enough, pull perfectly white; remove from the hook and pull
into long strips, then cut into pieces three or four inches in length,
and wrap in wax paper. If brittle taffy is wanted, cook this same batch
to the Hard Crack, or 290 deg.; form it into a large cake, which may be
broken with a hammer as sold. If flavoring with the extract instead of
the bean, do so while pulling on the hook.


PINE APPLE TAFFY.

Cook same as Vanilla, except add no flavor in basin, and let the batch
reach the Hard Crack degree, then pour out two-thirds of the batch;
color the rest in the basin a bright red, pull the first poured out,
white, and flavor Pine Apple; form it into a cake, and having spread the
red pieces out into a sheet, cover it over the white.


LEMON TAFFY.

Same as Vanilla; color yellow in the basin before pouring out, then
flavor Lemon on the hook.


CHOCOLATE TAFFY.

Same as Vanilla; when on the slab add to the batch six ounces melted
Chocolate, work it into the batch with a batch knife.


COCOANUT TAFFY.

Six pounds of Sugar, small spoon of cream of tartar, or three pounds of
glucose; cook to the Hard Crack, then add three grated Cocoanuts; stir
until the batch reaches the Soft Crack; pour out at once; when
sufficiently cold, pull white on the hook, and run out into strips; cut
into pieces, any length desired, and wrap in wax paper.


"OLD STYLE" MOLASSES.

Five pounds of Sugar and one gallon of N. O. Molasses; put on the fire
and cook to a Hard Ball, then add two pounds of sweet butter, and
continue the cooking until the batch just reaches the Soft Crack, or
252 deg., if in winter; if in summer, cook to the Crack, or 260 deg.; pour out
on a greased slab, and pull to a bright golden color; form into strips,
and cut into bars four or five inches in length; wrap in wax paper.


ANOTHER MOLASSES TAFFY.

Three pounds of Sugar, three pounds of glucose, and one quart of
Molasses; cook to the Soft Crack; set off and stir into the batch one
teaspoon of saleratus; pour on a slab, and when nearly cold pull and
flavor on the hook, either with a few drops of Lemon Oil, Bitter Almond
Oil, or Extract of Mace; run out into bars as before.




TAFFIES, (Extra Fine).


HICKORY-NUT TAFFY.

Six pounds of Sugar, and just enough Molasses to color; a small spoon of
cream of tartar, or four pounds of Sugar and two of glucose; cook to the
Hard Crack; pour out on a greased slab, and before throwing together,
scatter over it about two pounds of chopped up Hickory-nuts; work the
nuts into the batch, then run it through a flake machine, about two
inches wide, and mark with a caramel marker into sticks. These are very
nice goods for fancy boxes.


WALNUT TAFFY.

Same as Hickory Nut, with the exception of the nuts.


COCOANUT TAFFY.

Same as others, except add three grated Cocoanuts, when batch has
reached the Hard Crack, and stir until the batch again reaches the same
degree; run through the flake machine, as wide as the machine will
admit, then mark with a caramel marker, diagonally, two ways, forming
diamonds. These are very handsome.


BRAZIL-NUT TAFFY.

Same as Walnut or Hickory-nut; but use no molasses, and when done, set
off and stir in one teaspoon saleratus; mark into sticks.




BAR CANDIES.


BROWN ALMOND BAR.

Ten pounds of Sugar, large spoon of cream of tartar, and when it begins
to boil, add six pounds of Almond Nuts, after having picked out all
shells and dusted the nuts thoroughly; stir slowly, keeping the sides of
the basin well washed, until nuts are as brown as wished, and slide off
the spatula easily when raised up; pour out between iron bars, about one
inch thick; when cold enough not to run, cut into bars with batch knife
and a mallet.


BROWN ALMOND BAR, (With Glucose).

Six pounds of Sugar, four pounds of glucose; cook to the Hard Crack,
then add six pounds of Almond Nuts; stir until the nuts cease cracking,
and it is done; pour out as before.


BLANCHED ALMOND BAR.

Same as Brown Almond, except blanch the Almonds; this should be done
sometime before making the bar, so the nuts will be dry.


PEA-NUT BAR.

Same as Almond Bar, except use ten pounds of Pea-nuts.


SLICED COCOANUT.

Ten pounds of Sugar, large spoon of cream of tartar; cook to a Hard
Crack, or 290 deg., then add slowly, five sliced Cocoanuts; (after paring
the Cocoanuts, cut them into halves, then slice them with a spoke
shave); stir carefully, till nuts are as brown as desired, then pour out
between iron bars, same as other nut bars. If cooking with glucose, use
same quantity as for Almond Bar.


BRAZIL BAR.

Ten pounds of Sugar, ordinary spoon of cream of tartar, or six pounds of
Sugar and four pounds of glucose; cook to a Hard Crack, or 290 deg., then
pour out one-half of the batch between iron bars, and scatter over this
five or six pounds of Brazil-nuts, after trimming all the dark skin off
them so that they are nice and white; now pour over the nuts the
remaining syrup, and cut into bars.


ENGLISH WALNUT BAR.

Same as Brazil-nut Bar.


FRUIT CANDY.

Six pounds of Sugar, one quart of water, a heaping spoon of cream of
tartar, or two pounds of glucose; cook to a Hard Crack; then add,
carefully, four pounds of fruit, such as Cherries, Figs, seeded Dates,
cut up Citron, blanched Almonds, Brazil-nuts, a few slices of Cocoanut,
or any other nice fruits or nuts; stir slowly, for a few minutes, until
the fruits slide off the spatula, freely; then pour out on a greased
slab between iron bars, and cut into bars as Nut Candy.


MOLASSES SLICED COCOANUT.

Open, pare and slice, with a spoke shave, five fresh Cocoanuts; then
place on a slow fire, one quart best N. O. Molasses, and one-fourth
pound sweet Butter; when it boils add the Cocoanuts; stir all the time
over a very slow fire until it reaches the Soft Crack, in winter, or
Crack, in summer; pour out on a greased slab, and spread out thin with a
palette knife, then cut into such sized bars as wished; wrap in wax
paper in summer.


BLACK WALNUT CANDY.

Six pounds of Sugar, one quart of water, small spoon of cream of tartar,
or one pound of glucose, and one-half pint N. O. Molasses; cook to a
Hard Crack, then add one-half pound sweet Butter, and stir until the
batch again reaches the Hard Crack; set off and stir in one teaspoon
saleratus; then pour out on a greased slab, and scatter over the batch
two pounds of picked-over Walnuts; fold up the batch and kneed the
Walnuts through it; then, when cold enough, form into a small square;
lay before the heater on the spinning table, and while one person keeps
it in shape, let another cut it into slices. Another way is to cook just
to the Soft Crack, and serve in the same manner as above, but wrap the
squares in wax paper.




CARAMELS.


These Caramel receipts are the _best in the world_, and the author
questions the ability of any one to produce a Caramel that will excell
them in any particular. After once making by either one of the following
formulas, no other will be used, as they are worth a dozen times the
price of this book, to any one wishing to give his trade a fine Caramel.


VANILLA CARAMELS, No. 1.

Open eight cans of Condensed Milk, (Osprey Brand, is the best,
manufactured by Canfield Condensed Milk Co., Baltimore, Md.; when this
can not be procured, use Eagle Brand); empty cans into one gallon of
sweet Cream, and stir until all is of one consistency; reject all small
lumps that may be in the milk, as they will settle at the bottom, and
burn the batch; now add to the mixture twelve pounds of Sugar and six
pounds of glucose; put on the fire, and when it begins to boil, split
three Vanilla Beans to the stem, and scrape out the centers; tie the
beans together at one end, and add them, with the scrapings, to the
batch; cook over a slow fire, to a Soft Crack, stirring all the time;
pour out and remove the beans. In case the extract of Vanilla is used,
add it just before pouring out on the slab.


VANILLA CARAMELS, No. 2.

Twelve pounds of Sugar, six quarts of good Cream, two Vanilla Beans, and
one pound of sweet Butter; cook over a rapid fire to a good Crack; put
the Sugar, two quarts of the cream and the beans on the fire; when it
boils, add two quarts more of the cream; when it again reaches a boil,
add the remaining two quarts; then, as it again comes to a boil, add two
heaping spoons of cream of tartar.


MAPLE CARAMELS.

Use six pounds of A Sugar, six pounds of Maple Sugar, and six pounds of
glucose; then proceed as for Vanilla, with the exception of the flavor.


STRAWBERRY CARAMELS.

Same as Vanilla No. 2; color red in the basin, and flavor before pouring
out, with the extract of Strawberry.


COCOANUT CARAMELS.

Same as Vanilla; if cooking according to Vanilla No. 1, (as I always
recommend,) add three grated Cocoanuts, when the batch has reached the
Hard Ball. If by Vanilla No. 2, add the Cocoanuts at first, with the
sugar and cream, using a little more cream of tartar than for Vanilla.


HONEY CARAMELS.

Same as Vanilla, except use six pounds of Sugar, six of Honey, and six
of glucose.


PULLED CARAMELS.

Cook six pounds of Sugar and six pounds of glucose with six quarts of
Cream and one-half pound of sweet butter to a Soft Crack; pour out on
the slab, and when nearly cold, place on the hook and pull as white as
possible, then form into a thin sheet on a slab and roll with a
rolling-pin until of even thickness; mark and cut as other Caramels.


CHOCOLATE CARAMELS.

Use seven cans of Condensed Milk with one gallon of Cream; after mixing
it, reserve one quart and add to the rest twelve pounds of Sugar, six
pounds of glucose, and two Vanilla Beans; cook over a slow fire till
about half done; then set off; break up one and a fourth pounds of
Chocolate; put it into a basin with a little water; put on the fire, and
when hot, add the one quart of Cream, a little at a time, until the
Chocolate is dissolved; strain it into the batch; then set on the fire
again, and cook to a Soft Crack.


CHOCOLATE CREAM CARAMELS.

Make a batch same as last, but only one-half the size; pour it out on
the slab very thin; prepare about six pounds of cream by working very
smooth, then with a rolling-pin roll it into a thin sheet, and spread it
over one-half the batch; fold the other half of the batch over this and
press it well down; mark with Caramel marker, and cut as other Caramels.


OPERA CARAMELS--VANILLA.

Ten pounds of Sugar and one gallon of Cream, one Vanilla Bean split and
scraped as before, one full spoon of cream tartar--add this after the
batch has reached the boil; cook just to a Soft Ball, stirring all the
time; pour out on a damp slab, made so by sprinkling on a very little
water; when cold, cream it with a cream scraper, and after working it
perfectly smooth, form the whole into a sheet about one-half inch thick,
between iron bars and on wax paper; run the rolling-pin over it and mark
with Caramel marker; after it remains on the slab an hour or so, cut
into strips, three or four rows wide, and place in pans.


OPERA CARAMELS--MAPLE.

Same as Vanilla, excepting use five pounds of Maple Sugar and five
pounds of A Sugar, and a very small spoon cream tartar.


OPERA CARAMELS--CHOCOLATE.

Same as Vanilla, except reserve one quart of cream to dissolve one pound
of Chocolate; strain this into the batch when half done; cook to a Soft
Ball, and cream and shape as before.


NUT CARAMELS.

Cook same as Vanilla No. 1; add four pounds of Nuts, either Black
Walnut, English Walnut, Hickory-nut or Brazil to the batch; when at a
hard ball, or when the batch is done, pour out one-half between iron
bars; scatter over it the Nuts, and cover them with what remains in the
basin.




BUTTER CUPS.


Ten pounds of Sugar, two quarts of water; when it boils add one-half
pint New Orleans Molasses and small spoon of cream tartar (or seven
pounds of Sugar and three of glucose); cook to 310 deg.; then add one pound
of sweet Butter, and stir until dissolved; pour out on a greased slab;
before cooking the above, take about five pounds of Vanilla Cream, work
smooth and place before the heater on the spinning table; keep turning
it and working the heat into it until it is quite hot; now put the above
on the fire, and when poured out and cool as candy we intend to pull;
spread it out into a sheet about one inch thick, twelve or fourteen
inches wide, and sixteen in length; place the warm cream, having formed
it into a roll, on the center of the batch lengthwise; now fold the
covering over the cream making the edges meet; roll before the heater
until warm, sufficient to work nicely; then spin out as stick candy, and
mark with Caramel marker.


HICKORY-NUT CUPS.

Chop fine one and one-half pounds of Hickory-nuts; place them on the
spinning table before the heater with four pounds of Cream; as the
Cream gets warm, work the nuts through it; when all are worked in, put
on ten pounds of Sugar and a small spoon of cream tartar; cook until
Sugar just begins to turn, or about 330 deg. by the thermometer; then pour
out at once; when sufficiently cold, place on the hook and pull until it
has a white satin appearance; then remove from the hook and form into
shape as for Butter Cups; place the cream across the center and fold
over the batch, making the edges meet; then spin out as before.

To make a center that will chew, cook two pounds of Sugar and three of
glucose to a hard ball; pour on the slab, and work into it one and
one-half pounds of chopped-up Hickory-nuts. One-fourth of a pound of
sweet Butter, and one Vanilla Bean may be added, while cooking, if
desired. A very nice center may be made by cooking one gallon best New
Orleans Molasses to a hard ball, over a slow fire; pour out on the slab,
and work in chopped-up Hickory-nuts, Walnuts, or Cream Nuts. Another
popular center is made by running through a Cocoanut grater a quantity
of fresh Figs, and then working into them powdered Sugar sufficient to
form a smooth paste.


NECTAR CUPS.

Same as Hickory-nut Cups, except make a center of almond paste, 
light green; when on the slab, add to the clear batch a few drops of red
color, some Nectar flavor, and fold all together, pull on the hook to a
bright pink, and finish as before.


WALNUT CUPS.

Same as Hickory-nut Cups, with the exception of the Nuts.


COCOANUT CUPS.

Prepare a center by cooking two pounds of Sugar and three of glucose to
a Crack, or 260 deg.; add two grated Cocoanuts; stir a moment, and pour out
on the slab; fold up and keep warm at the heater; put on the fire ten
pounds of Sugar, small spoon of cream tartar, and cook until Sugar
begins to turn; then add one-fourth of a pint of New Orleans Molasses;
stir a moment, pour out and finish as before. You may use for center a
small batch of Japanese Cocoanut cooked to a ball.


CHOCOLATE CUPS.

Use for a center five pounds of Vanilla Cream; cook a covering same as
for Hickory-nut Cups; when on the slab, pour over the batch
three-fourths of a pound melted Chocolate; fold together and work the
Chocolate thoroughly through the batch; finish as before.


LEMON OR SOUR CUPS.

Make a center from five pounds of Sugar and a heaping spoon of cream
tartar, or three pounds of glucose and three of Sugar; cook to a Hard
Ball; when on the slab, add one-fourth of a tumbler of paste, made of
tartaric acid (same as Lemon Drops); prepare the covering same as
Hickory-nut Cups; color yellow; pull on the hook; flavor Oil Lemon and
finish as before.


FRUIT CUPS.

Three pounds of Cream, two pounds of Fruits chopped up and mixed through
the cream; these fruits should be chopped up sometime before using, so
they may dry; prepare a covering as for Hickory-nut Cups, but do not
pull it; this allows the fruit to show through the covering, and looks
very handsome.




COCOANUT GOODS.


COCOANUT BAR, (WHITE).

Seven pounds of Sugar, one quart of Water; when it comes to a boil add
six grated Cocoanuts, and stir until it reaches a good thread; set it
off on a barrel and add a drop or two of blueing; now with the spatula,
granulate the batch by working it on the sides of the basin, and
stirring the whole batch until it becomes white; then pour out on a
sugared slab; by this is meant, having arranged the iron bars to hold
the batch; sieve over the inclosed surface pulverized Sugar, also over
the tops of the bars; then turn the bars over carefully, so the sugared
edge will be on the inside of the enclosure. In this space having poured
the batch smooth it down with a palette knife, and let remain over night
if possible; then cut into bars; use no flavor.


COCOANUT BAR (RED).

Same as White, except color Red in the basin before granulating it.


COCOANUT BAR (YELLOW).

Same as White, except color Yellow in the basin.


VANILLA COCOANUT PASTE.

Eight pounds of Sugar, two quarts of sweet Cream, one small spoon of
cream tartar, one Vanilla Bean, and three grated Cocoanuts; cook to a
soft ball, stirring all the time; pour out on a damp slab; when cold,
cream it and mould in deep pans; let it remain for twelve hours or so,
then cut into slices.


STRAWBERRY COCOANUT PASTE.

Same as Vanilla, except when creamed, color it Pink and flavor
Strawberry.


MAPLE COCOANUT PASTE.

Five pounds of Maple Sugar, three pounds of A Sugar, small spoon cream
tartar, and three grated Cocoanuts; proceed as for Vanilla.


CHOCOLATE COCOANUT PASTE.

Dissolve eight ounces of Chocolate in one quart of Cream; add this to
eight pounds of Sugar, one quart of Cream, one Vanilla Bean, three
grated Cocoanuts, and a heaping spoon of cream tartar; cook to a soft
ball and finish as before.


WHITE COCOANUT CAKES.

Cook five pounds of Sugar with five Cocoanuts, grated in long strips, to
a thread; set off the fire, and with the spatula granulate the batch
until the body of the Sugar becomes cloudy; then place the basin on a
barrel near the slab, having previously sugared the slab; take a
tablespoon, dip a quantity of the Cocoanut from the basin; then by means
of a stick, remove it from the spoon, dropping it on the slab; so
continue until all is formed into cakes, or a small quantity may be
reserved and  red; then add a portion to each cake, placing it on
the tops.


MOLASSES COCOANUT CAKES.

To five grated Cocoanuts, long cut, add one quart New Orleans Molasses;
cook to a Hard Ball, over a very slow fire, and proceed as for white
cakes, except drop them on a greased slab, and do not attempt to
granulate the batch.


COCOANUT POTATOES.

Five pounds of Sugar, nearly a quart of water, small spoon of cream
tartar; cook to 275 deg.; then set off, and stir in two grated Cocoanuts;
pour out on a damp slab and cream it; then roll out into a strip, one
inch in diameter, and cut into pieces weighing two ounces; form these in
the shape of potatoes, and roll them in ground cinnamon; then split some
blanched Almonds into four strips each and stick them into the
Potatoes, one at either end, and one on either side, resembling sprouts
on Potatoes.


COCOANUT BISCUIT.

Take one and one-half pounds of powdered Sugar to each grated Cocoanut;
put it into an earthern vessel, and work to a paste with the hands; use
a little Orange Flower water, if desired; now, taking a tin tube, say
six inches in length, one and one-half inches in diameter, having a rod
with a head just fitting the tube; press the tube into the paste, having
it of even thickness in a pan; then force the paste from the tube with
the rod, forming a biscuit; when all are formed, take a fine, small
brush and dip it in burnt Sugar color, and daub a little on the top of
each biscuit, to give them the appearance of being browned in an oven;
now, wrap them in wax paper, twisting both ends as in French kisses.


JAPANESE COCOANUT.

Five pounds of glucose, and two pounds of Sugar, one quart of water;
when it comes to a boil, add five pounds of grated Cocoanut; cook to a
Hard Ball, stirring all the time; pour out on a greased slab, between
iron bars; make it of even thickness with a palette knife; when cold,
mark diagonally two ways with Caramel marker, forming diamonds; then
roll in pulverized Sugar, or crystalize them.


MOLASSES COCOANUT <DW61>.

Place on a slow fire two quarts of New Orleans Molasses, and one-half
pound Butter; when it boils, add ten grated Cocoanuts, and stir until it
reaches a hard ball; then pour out on a greased slab, between bars;
spread thickness desired with a palette knife; when cold, cut into
squares or diamonds.


SPANISH COCOANUT KISSES.

Grate six fresh Cocoanuts, then place on the fire eight pounds of Sugar,
and just sufficient water to dissolve it; when it boils, add the
Cocoanuts, and stir until it reaches a thread; set off and stir in a few
drops blueing; now, pour into a lip basin a small portion, and with a
small wooden spatula, granulate until it becomes cloudy; then drop on
sheets of tin, cutting the drops from the lip pan by means of a wire;
make the drops the size of a silver quarter.




ALMOND GOODS.


ALMOND PASTE.

Blanch four pounds of Almond-nuts; put them into a vessel and cover with
water; let them stand for four or five hours; now, drain them; pound and
rub them to a smooth paste in a mortar, adding a little Orange Flower
water to keep them from oiling; when the paste is finished, put on the
fire eight pounds of Sugar and cook to a crack; set off on a barrel and
add the Almond paste; stir continually until the batch is cold, then put
the paste into a crock for use.


ALMOND GEMS.

Ten pounds of Sugar, two quarts of water, small spoon of cream tartar;
or seven pounds of Sugar and three pounds of glucose; add to batch
one-half pint of New Orleans Molasses; stir till dissolved, then cook to
300 deg., and add one pound of sweet Butter; stir a moment, then pour out;
scatter over the batch two pounds of chopped-up Almond-nuts; work all
together, and run through a drop machine.


CREAM ALMONDS.

Pick over four pounds of Almond-nuts, rejecting all pieces and imperfect
ones; cook sixteen pounds of Sugar and two quarts of water to a good
ball; set it near the fire to keep warm; put the Almonds into a basin;
set it over the fire, and stir the nuts around until quite hot; now,
empty the nuts into a shaker-kettle, and while one person throws the
nuts about by shaking the kettle, let another person pour the hot syrup,
by means of a lip pan, over the Almonds in a thin, continuous stream;
continue in this way until the nuts are as large as desired; if
flavoring the syrup with Vanilla, leave the syrup clear; if with Rose or
Nectar, color it with a few drops of red.

Another way to make Cream Almonds on a small scale, is to put into a
sieve two pounds of selected Almonds; hold them over the fire, shaking
them until very hot; cook eight pounds of Sugar to a good ball; use
one-half spoon of cream tartar; when done, set near the fire; put the
sieve containing the Almonds on the table, and while one person pours
the hot syrup over the Almonds in a thin stream, let another person
shake the sieve, letting it rest on the table. In making Jordan Cream
Almonds, use only one and a half or two pounds of Sugar to each pound of
Nuts.


BURNT ALMONDS.

Six pounds of Jordan Almonds, six pounds of Sugar and one quart of
water, when the Sugar comes to a boil, add the nuts, and cook over a
very slow fire until the nuts cease to crack; in this way, the nuts will
be thoroughly roasted; now, set off the basin, and stir and turn the
batch about until the Sugar granulates, throw all into a sieve, and
shake the loose Sugar off; put this into the basin, with a little water
to dissolve it; cook to a Soft Ball; remove the basin from the fire, and
add the nuts; stir and turn the batch until the Sugar again granulates;
throw into the sieve and shake off the loose Sugar as before; put it
into the basin with enough Sugar added to make six pounds; add water to
dissolve, and color a deep red; cook to a Soft Ball; remove and add
Almonds as before; while granulating the Sugar this time, add one
teaspoon of ground cinnamon; now, put into the basin one pint of
dissolved gum arabic, made black by adding burnt Sugar color to it; set
this on the fire, and when it boils, set off and throw in the Almonds;
stir, throwing the nuts over and over until all are covered with the
gum; then spread them out on a tray, and put in a warm place to dry; to
make a hard coating, cook the Sugar to a Hard Crack, or 290 deg. each time,
instead of a soft ball; this kind will retain the gloss much longer,
but the soft covering is the most popular.


SALTED ALMONDS.

Take any number pounds of blanched Almonds; put them into a pea-nut
roaster, and roast them to a bright yellow color; throw them into a
basin, and pour over them a little dissolved gum arabic; stir so all
will be covered with it; now sprinkle over them table salt; remove them
from the basin, and spread them out on a pan; they will soon be dry,
with the salt adhering to them.


ALMOND NOUGAT.

Put into a copper basin two quarts of Honey, and the whites of two dozen
Eggs; beat to a staunch foam; set on a very gentle fire, made so by
covering it with ashes; now, with a long-handled egg-beater stir
continually for two hours; when time is about up, cook eight pounds of
Sugar with a large spoon of cream tartar to a Hard Crack, or 290 deg.; then
put the basin, containing the eggs and honey, on a barrel, and while one
person stirs, let another pour in slowly the syrup just cooked; when
thoroughly mixed, stir in about three pounds of Pistache nuts, or
Pistache and blanched Almond nuts mixed, or all blanched Almonds, (the
nuts must be well dried after blanching), then pour out into a starch
tray, previously prepared, by lining it with ordinary paper; then again
with wafer paper; spread the batch of even thickness with a palette
knife; then cover the top with wafer paper, and set away to cool--this
will require about ten or twelve hours in summer; when cold, cut with a
sharp knife into pieces about three or four inches in length, and wrap
in wax paper.




MISCELLANEOUS.


FRUIT CAKE.

Ten pounds of Sugar, two quarts of Cream, one spoon of cream tartar, or
two pounds of glucose; cook to a Soft Ball, stirring all the time; pour
on a damp slab, and when cold, cream it; then work into it three or four
pounds of French Fruits; mold it in large cake pans, and set away a few
hours to harden; cut it into slices as sold.


NUT CAKES.

Are made in the same way, except use Nuts instead of Fruit; Walnuts or
Hickory-nuts are the best.


CREAM PEPPERMINTS.

Take of Cream, such as is prepared for dipping purposes, about three or
four pounds; put this into a small basin inside of another basin
containing hot water; stir until dissolved; then set off and stir into
it a few ounces of pulverized Sugar, and flavor with Mint Oil; now, with
a funnel dropper, run the Cream into drops on sheets of tin, the size of
a silver quarter; in a few moments they will be dry and may be slid off
the tins easily by turning them sidewise and bending once or twice
backward and forward; they may also be run in starch prints if desired.


CREAM WINTERGREENS.

Same as Peppermint, except color Pink and flavor Wintergreen.


SMALL MINT DROPS.

Cook five pounds of Sugar, nearly a quart of water, and a small spoon of
cream tartar, or one pound of glucose, to a Soft Ball; then set off near
the fire to keep warm; pour a small quantity of the syrup into a lip
pan, say a pint; add to it two or three tablespoons of pulverized Sugar;
stir until it turns whiteish; then drop in small drops about the size of
a dime on sheets of tin; cut the drops from the lip pan by means of a
wire; if the Cream gets too thick to run easily, add some more syrup,
and so continue until all the boiled Sugar is used up.


MOLASSES MINT DROPS.

Ten pounds of Sugar, water to dissolve, and a small spoon of cream
tartar, or seven pounds of Sugar and three of glucose; when it boils,
add one pint of New Orleans Molasses, and cook to a Hard Crack; pour
out on a slab; when cold enough, pull all but about two pounds to a
bright golden color; form it into a roll and stripe with the clear
piece, as for stick candy; then spin out and mark with Caramel marker.


MINT CAKES.

Cook a batch same as for Mint Stick Candy; spin out about one inch in
diameter, and cut with the shears into pieces about one inch in length;
then stand them on end, and by placing the thumb on the top, press them
into flat, round cakes; or, if making in large quantities, cut with a
Jackson Ball cutter, and have two boards fastened together at one end
with hinges; place a number of these cuts on end between the boards, and
press them into cakes.


MINT KISSES.

Make a batch the same as for Cakes, but run it through a sour drop
cutter.


LEMON CAKES.

Same as Mint, except leave the batch clear; place on it a white stripe,
as in Lemon Stick Candy.


BOSTON CHIPS.

This Candy is very popular, but it requires considerable skill to make,
so do not be disappointed if at your first trial you fail to get it
perfect.

Take ten pounds of Sugar and a small spoon of cream tartar; use no
glucose, as nicer goods in this line can be made with cream tartar; when
it boils, add one-half pint New Orleans Molasses, and cook to 325 deg.; pour
on the slab, and when cold enough pull to a bright yellow; now, place it
before the heater, and having a pair of gloves on, rub it on two sides
until it assumes the appearance of satin; then spin it out into a thin,
flat strip, rubbing it all the time, and let another person feed it
through a Flake Machine; it will still retain its gloss; if you have no
machine, it can be run out with the hands.


FLAKE CANDIES.

These candies are made in the same way as Boston Chips, either in white,
red, or yellow.


STRINGS OF COMFORT.

Cook five pounds of Sugar and small spoon of cream tartar till the Sugar
begins to turn, or about 330 deg.; then pour out and pull perfectly white,
and flavor cinnamon; form into a roll and spin out into strings about
the thickness of a straw; while yet warm, curl them into different
forms; when all is spun out, heap them on a pan; there can be several
varieties of these made, coloring and flavoring to suit the taste.


PAN CREAMS.

Cook six pounds of Sugar, one quart of water, and a small spoon of cream
tartar to a soft ball; set the batch away till nearly cold, then add a
little Orange Flower water; stir until it turns whitish, then pour out
in a Caramel pan; let it remain until cold; then turn the pan upside
down, so the Cream will drop from the pan; mark it with a sharp knife
into small squares; they may then be broken up.

Several flavors and colors of these Creams can be made in the same
manner as above.


BUTTER SCOTCH.

Six pounds of Sugar, one-half pint Molasses and one spoon of cream
tartar, or two pounds of glucose; when it begins to cook, add one-half
pound of sweet Butter; stir until it reaches the crack, or 260 deg.; add a
few drops of Lemon Oil, and pour out on the slab between iron bars; mark
into squares whatever size wished.


MAPLE CREAM FOR COUNTER.

Ten pounds of Maple Sugar, small spoon of cream tartar, and three pints
of water; cook to a soft ball; set away till it is almost cold; then
with the spatula cream it in the basin; as soon as it looks cloudy,
pour it out at once in a deep pan; this must be done quickly or it will
become hard in the basin; when cold, remove it from the pan in the same
manner as the pan creams; mark it into bars or large squares for the
counter.


CREAM BARS OR BABY CREAM.

Twelve pounds of Sugar, a small spoon of cream tartar, or one pound of
glucose, two quarts of water; when it boils add two Vanilla Beans; cook
to a Soft Crack, and pour out on a cold slab; pull until perfectly
white; add a drop or so of Indigo on the hook, this will assist in
whitening it; Sugar a warm slab by sieving over it pulverized Sugar;
place the batch on one corner of the slab, and pull it out into strips
the length of the slab; sieve Sugar over the strips; now, take an iron
bar, one person being on the opposite side of the slab; press one edge
of the iron bar across the strips, marking them into bars three or four
inches in length; let it remain on the slab ten or twelve hours or until
granulation takes place. Several varieties can be made, according to the
flavor used--such as Mint, Cinnamon, Chocolate, etc. This candy can also
be run through a drop machine, and in a day or so the drops will become
creamy, and are very nice.


FIG BAR.

Twenty pounds of Sugar, or the same amount of Crystal Syrup; place it on
the fire; when it reaches a thread, add ten pounds of Figs; cut up with
the candy shears, or, what is better, grate them in the Cocoanut grater;
stir until the batch reaches a large thread; set it off on a barrel, and
sieve into it a pound or so of pulverized Sugar; then with the spatula
work it on the sides of the basin until it becomes a thick mass; then
pour out on a Sugared slab between iron bars; spread it of even
thickness; now, dissolve eight or ten pounds of plain Cream in a basin
inside of another basin containing water; color pink, and flavor nectar;
pour this Cream over the Fig paste, and with a palette knife spread it
evenly over the batch; leave it lay a few hours or over night; then cut
it into bars or squares.


FIG PASTE.

Eight pounds of Sugar, two pounds of glucose, one pound and four ounces
of Starch, two gallons of water, and a little less than one-half a
teaspoon of dissolved Citric Acid; put the Sugar and water on the fire;
add the acid; when the batch comes to a boil, add the starch dissolved
in a little water; add whatever color, and flavor desired, and cook,
stirring all the time, until by testing it in cold water, it leaves the
fingers on cooling; pour it on a greased slab between iron bars; when
cold, sieve over it pulverized Sugar, and cut it into small squares.


JELLY GUM DROPS--LEMON.

Twelve pounds of Sugar, two quarts of water, and a small spoon of cream
tartar; put on the fire and dissolve; then add one pound of dissolved
Gum Arabic, and a few drops of Lemon Oil; cook to a Soft Ball; then
remove and with a funnel run it into starch prints; sieve a little
starch powder over the tops, and set them in the dry closet till next
day; then take them out of the starch, and crystalize or dip them in
melted Fondant.


JELLY GUM DROPS--ROSE.

Same as Lemon, except color with a few drops of liquid Carmine, and
flavor extract of Rose.


A. B. GUM DROPS--"OLD STYLE."

Put six pounds of pure white Gum Arabic into a basin with one-half
gallon water; place this basin inside of another one containing water;
put on the fire and stir until dissolved; then set off, and put on the
fire ten pounds Sugar and cook to a good Soft Ball, and pour it into
the dissolved Gum Arabic; now, let it remain undisturbed for awhile; a
scum will form on the top; remove this, then with a funnel run it into
starch prints; sieve some starch over the tops; put them into the closet
at a temperature of about 150 deg.; let remain until next day; then remove
and dust off any loose starch with a fine brush, and put to crystal. If
a hard Gum Drop is wanted, use more Gum Arabic and less Sugar.


CORDIAL DROPS.

Six pounds of Sugar, one quart water; cook a good thread, or about 222 deg.;
remove from the fire and add one pint of Cologne Spirits, or
ninety-eight per cent. Alcohol, having added to it whatever color and
flavor desired; now, with a funnel run it into starch prints; sieve a
little starch powder over the tops, and set in the warm closet till next
day, they may then be removed from the starch and crystalized or dipped
in melted fondant. Brandy drops are made in the same manner, except use
Brandy instead of Alcohol.


MARSHMALLOW DROPS.

Put into a basin five pounds of white Gum Arabic pulverized; add
one-half gallon water; place this basin inside of another one
containing water; set on the fire and stir till dissolved; then add
nine pounds of pulverized Sugar, and evaporate until of a thick
consistency; now, add the whites of two dozen Eggs; beat to a staunch
foam, and stir until perfectly white and of a good body; or, until when
laying the back of your hand on the batch, it does not adhere to it;
flavor Orange Oil, Orange Flower water, or Vanilla; set off, and having
a wide-mouthed bag with a tin spout, fill it with the mixture; hold in
the left hand, and with the right cut the drops off with a small wire
into starch prints; sieve a little starch powder over the tops, and set
away in the closet till next day; they may then be removed and put into
tin boxes; some use a decoction of Marshmallow Root in making the drops,
but as it gives them a bitter taste, I always omit it.


GLACE NUTS AND FRUITS.

Select a small quantity of English Walnut halves, Brazil nuts, Cocoanut;
cut into small squares, Cherries, Limes, Apricots, Pine Apple, both red
and white; cut into small squares, Dates and Figs; spread all these out
on a tray to dry, except the Cocoanut, which prepare in the following
manner: Take three pounds of Sugar with one pint of water; when it
boils, add the fresh Cocoanut, say, one whole one cut into small
squares; cook just to a thread; remove and, with the spatula, work the
syrup on the sides of the basin till it becomes cloudy; pour all on a
wire sieve, having a pan under it to catch the syrup that drains from
the Cocoanuts; set them away until dry. When ready to glace, cook six
pounds of Sugar, a teaspoon of cream tartar, and one quart water to
about 280 or 290 deg.; pour it into a deep pan, having placed it on the
center of a slab, on a rest of some kind, so the cold slab will not
chill the syrup; now, throw into the syrup the Nuts and Fruits, one
piece at a time, removing them with a dipping ladle and dropping them on
the slab. Many other Fruits may be prepared in this way, and are very
popular, such as Orange Slices, Malaga and California Grapes, etc., but
only small quantities should be made at a time, as they soon become
sticky when exposed to the atmosphere.




CREAM GOODS


CREAM, OR FONDANT.

Particular attention must be given to the manufacture of Cream, as it is
the basis of all Cream goods. Take twenty pounds of Sugar, three quarts
of water, and two small teaspoons of cream of tartar or four pounds of
glucose; put on the fire and stir until dissolved; cook to a Soft Ball
then pour out on a marble slab, having previously been sprinkled with a
little water; let it remain until cold, or nearly so; then turn in the
edges, and with a long-handled wooden spatula or cream scraper, work it
back and forward until it granulates into a smooth, white mass; now,
knead it thoroughly with the hands and put it into a crock; cover with a
damp cloth, and it is ready for such goods as plain and fancy Creams,
Chocolate Cream Drops, Cream Walnuts, Figs, Dates, etc., etc.


FONDANT FOR DIPPING.

Use the same proportion of Sugar, water, cream of tartar, or glucose, as
in previous batch; cook to the blow, or 230 deg. strong; pour out on a
cold, damp slab; let remain until perfectly cold, then cream as directed
before. This Cream is used for all Dipped goods, Icing goods, etc.


HOW TO FLAVOR AND COLOR CREAM.

If Vanilla flavor is wished, add when the batch begins to boil one
Vanilla Bean to each seven pounds of Sugar; prepare the Beans in the
following manner: Split them in halves to the stem; scrape out the
centers; place these on the slab so they may be incorporated in the
syrup; while creaming the Beans, add to the batch; or, if flavoring with
extract, pour it on the batch while on the slab; the color should be
added when the batch reaches the boiling point.


SYRUP FOR CRYSTALIZING.

Take any number pounds of Sugar, one quart of water to each six pounds,
and boil to 34 deg. by the saccharometer if a fine crystal is desired; if a
coarse one, boil to 36 deg.; set off and let remain undisturbed until nearly
or quite cold; then sprinkle a little water over it to dissolve the thin
crystal coating that has formed over the top; it is now ready for use;
having placed the goods for crystalizing in pans, with a dipper pour
the syrup carefully over them until covered; then place over each pan
damp cloths, allowing them to rest on the syrup, this takes up the crust
of Sugar that forms on top of the syrup; set the pans where they will be
undisturbed for about eight or nine hours; then place them in the
crystal trough; drain off the syrup and let remain until dry; remove the
cloths from them; turn the pans upside down on a table, and the goods
will fall out.


CASTING IN STARCH.

This process consists in having a number of starched trays, which are
made of wood about two and one-half or three feet in length, eighteen or
twenty inches in width, and two inches in depth; fill these with fine,
dry starch powder and level the top; now, with plaster molds, which are
made fast to a strip of wood one or two inches wide, according to the
size of the molds, press into the starch and remove carefully; take a
Confectioner's funnel and a round stick which just fits the small hole
at the bottom of the funnel, and long enough to give a hand hold above
the funnel; fill part full with syrup, and holding it over the starch
prints raise the stick a little and allow enough syrup to escape to fill
the print, and so on till all are filled; then remove to the starch
closet; when they have remained long enough sieve off the starch; if
there is still some starch adhering, dust it off with a fine brush; then
place the goods in pans for crystalizing.


MAPLE FONDANT.

It is made in the same manner as other Cream, except use Maple Sugar
instead of Confectioner's A, and a little less cream of tartar or
glucose; if wished to tone down the strong flavor of the Maple, use one
half Maple and one-half Confectioner's A.


DIPPED BONBONS.

Take three or four pounds of Cream made for dipping; put it into a
porcelain dipper enclosed in a jacket containing water; place this on
the fire, and when the water boils, set off and stir and work the Cream
with a small spatula until it is the consistency of Milk Cream; now,
place the dipping pot on a table; arrange the centers to be dipped on
the left of the pot, and a clean sheet of tin on the right; drop a
center in the Cream; then with a wire ladle or an ordinary fork, dip the
center, and removing it, drop it on the sheet of tin; in a little while
they will be hard enough to handle. In this mixture dip English Walnut
halves, Pineapple cut into squares, whole Cherries, in this case; color
the Cream pink and flavor Nectar; Marshmallow Drops making the Cream any
color desired; Almond paste formed into small balls; color the Cream a
green tint; Quince Jelly, Cream  Orange tint; Citron cut into
squares, Cream, white and Vanilla flavor; Nougat cut into small strips,
chopped-up Black Walnuts, chopped Pistache Nuts, Filberts, Brazil Nuts,
Cocoanut, etc.


CORDIALS DIPPED.

Dip Cordial Drops in this same Fondant as mentioned above; they are very
nice and popular in the winter season, but do not stand well in summer.


DIPPED MAPLE BONBONS.

Prepare three or four pounds of Maple Cream in the same manner as for
white and for centers; cook two pounds of Maple Sugar to a Soft Ball,
and whip into it the whites of three Eggs; beat to a staunch foam; when
cold, roll into balls and dip; also dip English Walnut halves in this
Cream. Another nice center for Maple is one fresh grated Cocoanut, and
one and one-half pounds of pulverized Sugar worked into a paste, rolled
into balls and dipped. Still another: Cook four pounds of Maple Sugar
with one spoon cream of tartar to 265 deg., and stir into it two grated
Cocoanuts; pour out on a damp slab, cream it and form it into balls.


CHOCOLATE BONBONS.

Put into a dipping-pot one ounce of Chocolate to each pound of Cream to
be used; place the pot on the fire, and when the Chocolate is melted,
add the Cream and stir it until dissolved; add about one-fourth of a
pint of simple syrup to each pound of melted Fondant; this is now ready
for dipping; use for centers, English Walnuts, Hickory-nuts, or Brazil
Nuts; chop them very fine, and work sufficient Cream with them to form a
paste. A Chocolate center made in the following way is very nice: Cook
to a Soft Ball three pounds of Sugar, a half spoon cream tartar, and
three ounces of Chocolate; set off and stir into it one-fourth ounce
ground cinnamon; granulate a moment, then with a funnel run them into
starch prints, any style desired; set them in the closet; next day they
may be removed from the starch and dipped.


CONSERVE BONBONS.

Cook four pounds of Sugar, a little more than one pint of water, and a
small spoon of cream tartar to a Soft Ball; set off and add two or three
tablespoons of pulverized Sugar; then, with a small wooden spatula, work
the Sugar on the sides of the basin till it becomes whitish; then pour
into the dipping-pot, having the water in the jacket boiling; color and
flavor any shade or flavor wished, and dip any kind of Jelly centers,
dropping them on sheets of tin; when cold, with a small brush dipped in
any color wanted, touch the tops of all the Bonbons. For example, if the
Bonbons are pink, use red color.


DIPPED JELLY GUMS.

Dip Fresh Jelly Gum Drops in melted Fondant, and drop them into a pan or
tray containing chopped-up Walnuts, or any nuts desired; roll into balls
and crystallize.


COCOANUT MARSHMALLOW BONBONS.

Cut fresh Marshmallow Drops into four pieces each, and dip them in
melted Fondant, pink color, Rose or Nectar flavor, and drop them into a
pan containing grated Cocoanut; prepare the Cocoanut in the following
manner: Take white desiccated Cocoanut; sieve it, rejecting all the fine
siftings; pour on the remainder a few drops of red color; stir them
thoroughly until all are a pink shade; roll the dipped drops in this,
and when cold, arrange them in pans for crystallizing.


FRUIT ICINGS.

Take of dipping Cream any number of pounds desired, say five; put it
into a basin inside of another one containing water; place on the fire;
stir the Cream until dissolved, but not thin; add a few drops of red
color, and flavor Nectar or Strawberry; pour this into a starch tray,
lined with good strong Manilla paper; spread it in a thin layer over the
bottom; now, put over the fire in the same way eight pounds of Cream,
and dissolve as before; stir into this three or four pounds of Cherries,
Pineapple, Citron and Apricots, cut up; pour this on top of the first
layer, and spread of even thickness; now, again melt five pounds of
Cream, color a bright green, and pour on top of this last; set away
until next day, then turn the tray upside down on a table, and the Cream
will drop out; remove the paper and run a Caramel marker over it two
ways, and cut it into squares and crystallize.


ALMOND ICINGS.

Use of same Cream as before, about five pounds; dissolve, and pour it
into a tray; now, melt one-half pound of Chocolate in the basin, and add
eight pounds of Cream; dissolve and stir in three pounds of Almond Nuts;
pour on first layer and spread of even thickness; then again, melt of
white Cream five pounds, and spread it over the last, finish as before.


HICKORY-NUT ICINGS.

Take ten pounds of same Cream as used before; place it in a basin and
dissolve as before; stir in three pounds of choice Hickory-nuts, and
pour out in a tray, spreading of even thickness; when cold, mark with
Caramel marker, and crystalize or cook ten pounds of Sugar, three pints
of water, one teaspoon of cream tartar to a Strong Ball; let it stand
awhile to become cool; then whip into it the whites of four Eggs beat to
a staunch foam; when it is pure white stir in three pounds of
Hickory-nuts, and pour into a tray, and spread of even thickness; finish
as before. A great many varieties of these goods can be made in this
manner, combining different flavors and colors to suit taste.


FRUIT NOUGAT.

Dissolve as for Fruit Icings ten pounds of Cream; whip into it the
whites of three or four Eggs; then stir in three pounds of French
Fruits, such as Pineapple, red and white, Plums, Cherries, etc.; pour
into a deep pan and set away till next day; then cut into large squares,
same as Nougat, and wrap in wax paper.


CREAM WALNUTS.

Roll with the hands a piece of Cream into a strip about one inch in
diameter; then with a knife cut into pieces about one inch in length;
roll into a ball, and place a Walnut half on two sides opposite each
other; place them in pans, and when they have stood a few hours, they
may be crystallized. Another way, form on a slab a cone of sifted
pulverized Sugar; any number of pounds desired; hollow out the top and
pour in a small quantity at a time of any pure Fruit juice; work it into
a stiff Cream, and color whatever shade corresponds to the flavor used;
then roll out and serve in the same manner as before; these are very
popular and handsome made in such colors as white, red, yellow, orange
and green; crystallize as before.


CREAM DATES.

Select choice whole dates; press with the fingers the seed to one side,
and with a pair of shears cut the date in half lengthwise; the seed can
now be removed without spoiling the appearance of the date; fill them
with Cream and roll them in the hands lengthwise, making them long and
slim; place them in pans and crystallize. Made in this way, they are
very handsome; they may be made in white, red, yellow, orange and
green.


CREAM CHERRIES AND RAISINS.

Select only nice, large Fruit, and open one-half of them and fill with
smooth Cream any color or flavor desired--Vanilla being the most
popular.


CREAM BONBONS.

Having filled a number of starch trays with fine dry starch, print any
design desired; then put into a basin four or five pounds of Fondant;
place this inside of another basin containing water and set on the fire;
when dissolved, color and flavor as desired; then remove from the basin
containing water, and set over the fire a moment, stirring all the time;
do not let it come to a boil, as that would change it into a conserve
when cold; now, with a funnel, run it into the prints and set in the
closet till next day; then take them out on a sieve; dust off any
adhering starch with a fine brush or bellows, they are now ready for
crystallizing.


JELLY CREAM BONBONS.

Make impressions in the starch trays with molds having two separate
designs, one smaller than the other; now make a Jelly from Apples, color
and flavor it to suit taste; then run it into the lowest impression in
the starch; after filling all, and they have become cold, dissolve a
quantity of Fondant to the consistency of Cream; color and flavor; now,
with the funnel, fill the impressions full over the Jelly; set in the
closet, and in a few hours they may be taken out, placed in a sieve, and
dusted; then put into pan for crystallizing. These molds, having
separate designs, may be filled with different  Cream, and they
look very handsome.


CONSERVE BONBONS.

Print a few starch trays with whatever designs wished; cook five pounds
of Sugar, a small spoon of cream tartar, and one quart of water to a
Soft Ball; set off and stir in one pound of soft dipping Cream; color
and flavor; then with a small wooden spatula rub the syrup on the sides
of the basin until it assumes a whitish appearance; pour a portion of it
into a funnel, setting the remainder near the fire to keep warm; run
into the starch prints; in a little while they may be removed, dusted
and put to crystal.


CONSERVE ICINGS.

Cook a batch in the same way as for Conserve Bonbons; whip into it the
whites of two Eggs, and, when done, instead of running in starch, stir
in two pounds of Hickory-nuts or any nuts desired; pour in a tray lined
with paper; as soon as cold, cut into squares and crystallize. Several
varieties of these Icings can be made, and they are delicious.


LOG ICINGS.

Chop up a few pounds of blanched Almonds; sieve them, rejecting the
siftings; divide the remainder into three equal parts; now, take one lot
and putting it into a bowl, pour on a few drops of red color; work them
with a spatula until all are ; then spread them out on a sheet of
paper to dry; treat the second lot in the same way, coloring it yellow;
then the third, coloring it green; now, take of desiccated Cocoanut the
same amount; sieve and color red, yellow and green; color and flavor a
quantity of Fondant red, yellow, orange and chocolate; take of the
chocolate one-half pound; form into a roll; now, take of the yellow
double the quantity; form it into a sheet just reaching around the
chocolate; then put a green sheet around this, and with the hands roll
it out into a strip one inch in diameter, and cut them into pieces about
twelve inches in length; lay these on sheets of tin, or a tray, to
harden a little; when firm enough to keep their shape, pour a little
simple syrup on a slab; roll a strip in the syrup, then again in any of
the  nuts, and lay aside until the nuts adhere firmly to the
Cream; then cut into pieces diagonally, about one inch in length;
proceed in the same way with all the Cream, forming it into rolls,
combining such colors as suit the taste, and rolling them in the
different  nuts and combinations of nuts; roll some of the strips
in melted chocolate, then again in the nuts; these goods are unequalled
for dressing fancy boxes.


ACORN BONBONS.

Color a number of pounds of Almond Paste a bright green, and roll out
into strips; cut into pieces of equal size; then form into round drops,
having one end shaped pointed like an Acorn; when all the paste is
formed in this way, prepare a Chocolate Fondant, same as for dipping
Chocolate Bonbons. Sieve a quantity of A Sugar, reserving only the large
bright crystals; put this into a pan; now, take an Acorn in the hand and
dip the blunt end in the Fondant; then stand it in the Sugar, Chocolate
end down, so on drying small crystals of Sugar will be adhering to the
cap; continue in this manner till all are done; then arrange them in
pans and crystallize.


FIG CREAMS.

Take green Figs preserved; cut them into quarters, leaving them
connected at the stem; now, prepare a quantity of Cream,  pink,
and flavored strawberry, nectar or rose; roll into a strip, cut into
pieces of equal size; form them in cones; put one of these inside of
each Fig, the base next the stem; press the quarters against the Cream;
then with a fine brush dipped in red color; make four stripes on each
one, starting at the base of the Fig between each quarter, and running
to the point of the Cream; place in pans and crystallize.


JELLY ROLLS.

Cook a stiff Apple Jelly, color red, and flavor rose or any other flavor
desired; spread it out on a greased slab, and when cold lay it on a
sheet of Cream of same thickness, roll up, cut into slices and
crystallize.


ALMOND CONFITS.

Select a quantity of whole Dates; press the seed to one side and cut
them in halves lengthwise; remove the seed and put a Jordan Almond
inside; close together again and dip in melted Fondant, and when cold,
cut them in halves and crystallize.


CRAB APPLES.

Take of white Cream two or three pounds; same amount of red, yellow and
chocolate; form these into strips triangle in shape; place them
together in such a way as to form a Round Roll; now, with the hands roll
out into a strip about one inch in diameter, and cut into pieces of
equal size; roll again into balls; then with a sharp stick make
indentations on the two ends of each; arrange in pans and crystallize.


PINEAPPLE CREAMS.

Cut a quantity of Pineapple into small, narrow strips; roll out with a
rolling-pin a sheet of Cream quite thin; any color, and with a tin tube
one inch in diameter, cut a number of cakes; lay a strip of Pineapple on
each cake, and fold two sides together over the strips. A very small
ribbon may be tied around this and then put to crystal.

A great many more fancy hand-made designs might be mentioned, but a
sufficient amount have been already named to give any one an idea of how
to get them up, and if, after becoming familiar with the modus operandi
as given in this volume, they possess some originality, their
imagination will readily assist them in producing new designs to the
already large variety.




CHOCOLATE WORK.


HOW TO MAKE CHOCOLATE CREAM DROPS.

The first thing needed is a Chocolate warmer; this consists in a large
tin or sheet-iron pan, inside of which is a smaller one arranged so
water can circulate between them; set this pan on the fire, and bring
the water to a boil; set off and put into the warmer any quantity
desired of sweet Chocolate, having pounded it fine, so as to melt
readily; stir thoroughly until dissolved into a thin paste; add a little
ground cinnamon; now, having prepared the drops for dipping, in the
following manner, viz.: Roll out a piece of Cream into a strip; then
with a knife cut it into pieces of equal size; roll it again into balls;
lay them in trays until they have dried a little, so they will keep
their shape; then pour a cup of melted Chocolate on the warm slab (this
should be a small marble slab, set in a frame, having an oil or gas
stove, or a few gas jets under it; heat this slab blood warm); throw
into it a number of these Cream Balls; work them around in the
Chocolate until coated; then drop them from the hand with the forefinger
and thumb on sheets of tin covered with wax paper; set them in a cool
place until the Chocolate hardens; they are then ready for use; in
summer they should be put into an ice chest until hardened.

Another way to prepare the Cream for dipping, is to dissolve a few
pounds of Cream in the same manner as for Bonbons; then with a funnel
run it into starch prints; in a little while they may be removed from
the starch, dusted and dipped as before. In this same mixture may be
dipped drops made from powdered Sugar in the following way: Grate the
outside rine of a few Lemons, and having formed the Sugar into a cone,
hollow out the top; pour into this the juice squeezed from the Lemons,
together with the rine, and work all into a Cream; do the same with
Oranges and with any kind of Fruit juice; add a little Citric Acid
dissolved in water to bring out the Fruit flavor; also, dip in this
mixture roasted Almonds, Nougat cut into small squares, Marshmallow
Drops, Cocoanut Paste, plain Fondant squares, placing an English Walnut
half on the top.


TO MAKE SWEET CHOCOLATE FROM PLAIN.

Melt in the Chocolate warmer any number pounds of Cocoa Paste; when
dissolved stir into it one half pound of fine Sugar dust to each pound
of Cocoa Paste.


PRALINES.

Cook four pounds of Sugar, small spoon of cream tartar, one quart rich
Cream to a very soft ball; set off and work the Sugar on the sides of
the basin with a small wooden spatula until it turns cloudy; work this
cloud into the body of the Sugar, and so on until it has a whitish
appearance throughout; then, with a funnel, run it into starch prints;
in a few hours they may be taken out, dusted and dipped in melted
Chocolate, in the same manner as Bonbons, with a wire ladle, dropping
them on sheets of tin covered with wax paper; make them in Vanilla,
Strawberry, Nectar, Lemon, Orange and Coffee. To make Coffee, take
one-half pound best ground Coffee to one quart of water; set on the fire
and bring to a boil; set off and let simmer a few moments; then strain,
and use this liquid to cook the Sugar with instead of Cream, and finish
as before; any kind of Jelly may be dipped in Chocolate, and are very
nice.

To thin Chocolate when too thick for dipping, add a little Cocoa Butter,
Rape Seed Oil or fresh melted Suet.

To thicken when too thin, add fine Sugar dust. Chocolate for dipping can
be flavored with vanilla sugar, ground cinnamon, cloves, allspice or
mace.


VARNISH FOR CHOCOLATE WORK.

Place in a glass jar a quantity of Gum Shellac; pour over it enough
Alcohol to cover; let remain till next day; when ready to use, pour out
a quantity in a vessel; add Alcohol until of the consistency of varnish,
then apply with a brush.


APPLE JELLY.

Take any quantity of Sweet Apples; cut them into slices, and put them
into a basin with enough water to cover; set on the fire and cook until
quite soft; remove and rub through a fine sieve; now, if wishing to run
this in starch for dipping, add to one quart of this pulp one ounce of
dissolved Gelatine; then cook five pounds of Sugar to a Good Ball, and
stir in this pulp; now, with a funnel, run it into the starch prints;
next day, after removing them from the starch and dusting, they are
ready to dip; but if a stiff Jelly is wanted for Jelly Rolls, etc., add
to each pint of this pulp one pound of pulverized Sugar; set on the fire
and boil, stirring all the time, until it begins to adhere to the
spatula; then remove and pour out into pans or trays, spreading it of
any thickness wished; this is the basis of almost all Jellies, such as
Strawberry, Raspberry, Pineapple, etc.; simply color and flavor to to
suit taste.


APRICOT JELLY.

Cook ten pounds of Sugar to a Hard Ball; then add to it five pounds of
Apricot Pulp, having strained it through a fine sieve; pour a portion
into a funnel and set the rest near the fire to keep warm; run it into
starch prints, and let it remain until next day: they may then be
removed, dusted free of any adhering starch, and dipped in melted
Fondant.


PRESERVING FRUITS.

Select the finest Fruit, but not too ripe, and pare such as Peaches,
Quinces and Pears; then, with an ordinary fork, prick them to the seed
in several places, so that the air in the Fruit may escape, and also so
the Sugar may enter the Fruit more easily; as they are pricked throw
them into cold water, this prevents them from becoming black in the
places pricked; now, put them into a basin of hot water, letting them
simmer until parboiled, then, with a skimming ladle, dip them from the
hot water and drop them into a basin of cold water, allowing them to
remain a few moments; remove from the water and put on a hair sieve to
drain; when drained, put them in a wide-mouthed crock and bring to a
boil a quantity of simple syrup; pour this over the Fruit; then place a
plate over the top to hold the Fruit under the syrup; set away till next
day, then empty this crock of Fruit and put the syrup again into the
basin, and bring just to the boil; return again to the crock and cover
with the plate; do this each following day, for six days; by this time
the Fruit will take up no more Sugar; put them into a cool place.


GLAZED FRUITS.

Cook a few pounds of Sugar to a blow; set off and add such preserved
Fruits as are wanted; then, with a small wooden spatula, work the Sugar
against the sides of the basin until cloudy; now, dip out the Fruits
with a skimming ladle, placing them on a wire screen to dry, which will
require an hour or so; they are then ready for the counter.


BRANDIED CHERRIES.

Take an open mouthed jar, till it part full of simple Syrup, adding to
it Alcohol until of such strength as desired, and put into this a
quantity of preserved Cherries. When they have received sufficient
flavor to suit taste, they may be removed and dipped in melted Fondant.




SYRUPS FOR THE SODA-WATER FOUNTAIN.


As nearly two-thirds of the Confectioners handle Soda-Water, a few
practical receipts for making the Syrups most used, will, I think, be
acceptable to many.

In preparing Syrups for the Fountain use only the best Confectioner's A
Sugar, as this renders the Syrups transparent; does not decompose so
readily, and saves the time and trouble of clarification, which is
necessary if a poor quality of Sugar is used.

Syrups are best preserved by putting them in small earthern jugs, well
corked, and in a cool place, ranging in temperature from 40 to 50 deg. Fahr.
To prevent Syrups from granulating, add a small teaspoon of cream of
tartar to each twelve and a half pounds of Sugar. Syrups that have
fermented may be restored again by bringing them to the boiling point.
Always use a copper basin in preparing all Fruit Syrups.


SIMPLE SYRUP.

To each gallon of water add one-fourth ounce Gelatine; stir until
dissolved, then add twelve and a half pounds of Confectioner's A Sugar;
stir until dissolved; set off and remove the scum and place in an
earthern jug for use as needed. A variety of Syrups may be made from
this Syrup by adding flavoring and color; but they are artificial at
best, and do not compare with those made from Fruit juices.


VANILLA SYRUP.

Split three Vanilla Beans and scrape out the centers; add the Beans
together with the centers to one gallon of water and one-fourth ounce
Gelatine; allow to boil a few moments; then add twelve and one-half
pounds best Sugar; stir until all is dissolved; remove and take off the
scum and strain into a jug. A very good Vanilla Syrup may be made by
adding to simple Syrup about five ounces of Vanilla extract to each
gallon.


CHOCOLATE SYRUP.

Place on the fire one gallon of water; when it boils, add twelve ounces
of Chocolate pounded fine; stir until dissolved, then remove and let
stand until nearly cold; when a scum of grease will form on the top,
remove this and set again on the fire, and add twelve and one-half
pounds best Sugar; stir until dissolved; set off and strain into a jug.
Many do not skim off the grease, thinking a better Chocolate flavor is
obtained by placing all in an open-mouthed crock or jar, and stirring
this scum into the body of the Syrup each time before using; but I
prefer the former.


COFFEE SYRUP.

To one pound of pure roasted and ground Java Coffee add one gallon
water; place on the fire, and when it boils, remove and cover, allowing
it to remain so until nearly cold; then strain, and having placed the
decoction again on the fire, add twelve and one-half pounds Sugar; stir
until all has dissolved and reached the temperature of boiling; set off
and strain into a jug.


LEMON SYRUP.

To one gallon simple Syrup add one-half ounce of dissolved Citric Acid
(dissolve the Acid by adding one pound of water to one pound of Acid),
and a sufficient amount of fresh Lemon Oil to suit taste.

ANOTHER FORMULA.--Take the grated yellow rinds of any quantity of fresh
Lemons; place them in a closed vessel in the proportion of one pint of
boiling water to each six Lemons; let remain a few hours, then strain;
now, press the juice from all the Lemons grated, and add this to the
juice from the gratings, and to each pint of this add one pint of water
and three and one-half pounds of Sugar; place on the fire and stir
until dissolved; do not let it boil; set off and strain into a jug.


ORANGE SYRUP.

Proceed in the same manner as for Lemon Syrup, using the grated yellow
rinds of fresh Oranges, or flavor simple Syrup with extract Orange,
adding one-half ounce dissolved Citric Acid to each gallon, and color
with saffron and a few drops carmine.


STRAWBERRY SYRUP.

To three quarts water; having dissolved in it one-fourth ounce Gelatine,
add one quart pure Strawberry juice; place on the fire and add a small
quantity of carmine to color; now, add twelve and one-half pounds Sugar;
stir until dissolved; remove and take off the scum, then add one-half
ounce dissolved Citric Acid; strain into a jug and when cold cork well.

_Raspberry_, _Blackberry_, _Pineapple_ and _Cherry_ are all made in the
same manner.


PEACH AND APRICOT.

Take a quantity of ripe Peaches or Apricots; remove the stones; place
them on the fire, and adding to them water in the proportion of one
quart to four quarts of Peaches; stir all the time until reduced to a
pulp; pour into a crock, and when cold, strain through a fine sieve;
then, having dissolved one-fourth ounce of Gelatine in three quarts of
water, add one quart of the above juice, and twelve and one-half pounds
of Sugar, and finish as Strawberry, etc.


NECTAR SYRUP.

Flavor simple Syrup to suit taste with extract Nectar, and color pink,
with a few drops of Carmine or Cochineal.

ANOTHER FORMULA.--Thoroughly mix together three pints of Vanilla Syrup
with one pint of Pineapple and one of Lemon; this forms a very nice
Nectar.


CATAWBA SYRUP.

Add to simple Syrup,  a delicate pink with Carmine, a sufficient
quantity of extract Catawba to suit taste.

ANOTHER FORMULA.--To one quart simple Syrup add one quart of Catawba
Wine; this forms a delicious Syrup.


ORGEAT OR ALMOND SYRUP.

To one and a half pounds of fresh blanched sweet Almonds add one or two
ounces of bitter ones; pound these to a smooth paste in a mortar; then
add one pint of water and mix; place this mixture in a towel, and twist
from it all the milk possible; to this milk add three pounds pulverized
Sugar; dissolve cold, and add a small quantity of Orange Flower water;
strain into a closed jar, and shake often to keep the milk from
separating from the Sugar.


GINGER SYRUP.

Color one gallon simple Syrup with a little burnt Sugar, and add to it
one-half ounce Tartaric Acid, and two or three ounces essence Ginger to
suit taste.


CREAM SYRUP.

This is prepared simply by adding fresh Cream to well-flavored Syrups.


SHERBERT SYRUP.

Take an equal proportion of Orange, Vanilla and Pineapple Syrups mixed.


SARSAPARILLA SYRUP.

Flavor simple Syrup to suit taste with extract Sarsaparilla, and color
with burnt Sugar.


CAYENNE SYRUP.

Color pink one gallon simple Syrup, and add two ounces of tincture
Capsicum, and mix well together.


CINNAMON SYRUP.

Flavor simple Syrup to suit taste with extract Cinnamon.


MAPLE SYRUP.

Place on the fire one quart of water, add one-fourth ounce Gelatine;
when dissolved, add four pounds pure Maple Sugar; dissolve and strain in
a jug.




Transcriber's Notes:


  Text in italics is indicated with underscores: _italics_.

  The text contains many inconsistencies in spelling and hyphenation,
    and these have been retained from the original.

  Punctuation has been corrected without note.

  Some entries in the Table of Contents have been moved to reflect the
    actual order of appearance in the text.

  Obvious typographical errors have been corrected as follows:
    Page vi: Cocoa changed to Cocoanut
    Page vii: Rasins changed to Raisins
    Page 27: Bonesett changed to Boneset
    Page 50: clowdy changed to cloudy
    Page 63: duplicate word "it" removed
    Page 68: laddle changed to ladle
    Page 73: tke changed to the
    Page 77: payer changed to paper
    Page 82: perserved changed to preserved
    Page 87: PRELINES cahnged to PRALINES





End of Project Gutenberg's Frye's Practical Candy Maker, by George V. Frye

*** 