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[Illustration: THE HISTORY OF THE CATNACH PRESS, AND THE TWO CATNACHS,
JOHN & JAMES, FATHER & SON, _Printers_, 1769-1841.]




  THE HISTORY OF THE CATNACH PRESS.

  LARGE PAPER COPY.

  Only Two Hundred and Fifty Printed. Each Copy
  numbered and Signed

  [Signature: Charles Hindley.]


  No. ________

  _Purchased by_

  ____________________________________________________

  _of_

  ____________________________________________________


  _on the ___________ day of ____________ 18_____




  THE HISTORY OF THE CATNACH PRESS,
  AT BERWICK-UPON-TWEED,
  ALNWICK AND NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE,
  IN NORTHUMBERLAND, AND
  SEVEN DIALS, LONDON.


  BY CHARLES HINDLEY, ESQ.,

  _Editor of "The Old Book Collector's Miscellany;
  or, a Collection of Readable Reprints of Literary
  Rarities," "Works of John Taylor--the Water Poet,"
  "The Roxburghe Ballads," "The Catnach Press," "The
  Curiosities of Street Literature," "The Book of
  Ready Made Speeches," "Life and Times of James
  Catnach, late of the Seven Dials, Ballad Monger,"
  "Tavern Anecdotes and Sayings," "A History of the
  Cries of London--Ancient and Modern," etc._


  London:
  CHARLES HINDLEY
  [THE YOUNGER,]
  BOOKSELLERS' ROW, ST. CLEMENT DANES,
  STRAND, W.C.
  1886.




  TO
  MR. GEORGE SKELLY,
  of
  THE MARKET PLACE,
  and
  MR. GEORGE H. THOMPSON,
  of
  BAILIFFGATE, ALNWICK,
  _In the County of_
  NORTHUMBERLAND,
  THE
  HISTORY OF THE CATNACH PRESS.

  IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY
  THE AUTHOR

  [Signature: Charles Hindley.]

  _St. James' Street, Brighton.
  Lady Day, 1886._




[Illustration:

  HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

  OR

  A Pursuit of Knowledge
  under Difficulties.]




[Illustration: THE CATNACH PRESS.]

  "'Tis education forms the common mind;
   Just as the twig is bent the tree's inclined."--_Pope._


----There can be little doubt that Jemmy Catnach, the printer, justly
earned the distinction of being one of the great pioneers in the cause of
promoting cheap literature--he was for a long time the great Maecenas and
Elzevir of the Seven Dials district. We do not pretend to say that the
productions which emanated from his establishment contained much that was
likely to enlighten the intellect, or sharpen the taste of the ordinary
reader; but, to a great extent, they served well in creating an impetus in
the minds of many to soar after things of a higher and more ennobling
character. Whilst for the little folk his store was like the conjuror's
bag--inexhaustible. He could cater to the taste and fancies of all, and it
is marvellous, even in these days of a cheap press, to look back upon the
time when this enterprising man was by a steady course of action, so
paving the way for that bright day in the annals of Britain's history,
when every child in the land should be educated.




[Illustration]


HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION OR A PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE UNDER DIFFICULTIES.

    ----Knowledge is of two kinds. We know a subject ourselves, or we know
    where we can find information upon it.--BOSWELL, _Life of Johnson_.


That history repeats itself is fairly and fully exemplified by the
reproduction of "THE CATNACH PRESS," the _first_ edition of which was
published in 1869, and "GUARANTEED ONLY TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY COPIES
PRINTED."--Namely: 175 on fine, and 75 on extra-thick paper. _Each copy
numbered._ The outer and descriptive title set forth that the work
contained:--

    "A COLLECTION of Books and Wood-cuts of James Catnach, late of Seven
    Dials, Printer, consisting of Twenty Books of the Cock Robin-Class,
    from, 'This is the House that Jack Built,' to 'Old Mother Hubbard,'
    (printed with great care) _specialite_ at THE CATNACH PRESS, from the
    old plates and woodcuts, prior to their final destruction, to which is
    added a selection of Catnachian wood-cuts, many by Bewick, and many of
    the most anti-Bewickian character it is possible to conceive."

The announcement of the publication of the work was first made known
through the medium of the metropolitan press, some few days prior to the
copies being delivered by the book-binders, and so great was the demand
of the London and American trade, that every copy was disposed of on the
day of issue.

The work is now eagerly sought after by book collectors who indulge in
literary rarities.

While engaged in collecting information for "The Catnach Press," and
interviewing the producers of ballads, broadsides and chap-books, we met
with a vast assemblage of street-papers and of a very varied character,
which we proposed to publish in quarto form under the title of "The
Curiosities of Street Literature," and when in London in 1869, still
seeking for information on the subject, met by mere chance in the Strand
with the street ballad singer of our youth, one Samuel Milnes, who used
between the years of 1835 and 1842 to visit Fetter Lane every Thursday
with the newest and most popular ballad of the day. We so often met with
him at other times and places in and about London in after years that a
peculiar kind of a friendly feeling grew up towards him in preference to
all other street ballad singers of the time, so much so that at our
meetings--and friendly greetings, we invariably purchased the ballad he
was singing, or, gave him a few halfpence as a fee for having detained him
from his calling--or shall we say bawling, for to tell the truth, Samuel
Milnes was but a very indifferent vocalist.

Time rolled on--"still on it creeps, each little moment at another's
heels"--and we continued to meet our old ballad singer either in London or
Brighton. The meeting with him on this particular occasion was most
opportune for we wanted him. First we obtained from him "Wait for the Turn
of the Tide," and "Call her back and kiss her," then the following
information:--

    "Oh, yes, I remember you, remember you well; particularly when I see
    you down at Brighton: when you treated me to that hot rum and water;
    when I was so wet and cold, at a little snug public-house in one of
    the streets that leads off the main street. I don't remember the name
    on it now, but I remembers the rum and water well enough; it was good.
    You said it would be, and so it was, and no mistake. How old am I now?
    Why, 59. How long have I been at it? Why, hard on fifty years. I was
    about nine or ten year old--no, perhaps I might have been 12 year old,
    when I come to think on it. Yes, about 12 year old; my mother was a
    widow with five children, and there was a boy in our street as used to
    go out singing ballads, and his mother said to my mother, 'Why don't
    you let your boy (that's me) go out and sing ballads like my boy.' And
    I said I didn't mind, and I did go out, and I've been at it ever
    since, so you see 'aint far short of 50 year. How many do I sell in a
    day? Well, not so many as I used to do, by a long way. I've sold me
    four and five quires a-day, but I don't sell above two and three dozen
    a-day now. That's all the difference you see, sir--dozens against
    quires. How do I live then? Why, you see I am so well-known in
    different parts of London, that lots and lots of people comes up to me
    like you always do--and say's--'How do you do, old fellow? I remember
    you when I was a boy, if it's a man, and when I was a girl, if it's a
    woman.' And says, 'So you are still selling songs, eh?' Then they give
    me a few coppers; some more and some less than others, and says they
    don't want the songs. Some days--very often--I've had more money given
    me than I've took for the ballads. Yes, I have travelled all over
    England--all over it I think--but the North's the best--Manchester,
    Liverpool, and them towns; but down Bath and Cheltenham way I was
    nearly starved. I was coming back from that way, I now remember, when
    I met you, sir, at Brighton that time. I buy my ballads at various
    places--but now mostly over the water, because I live there now and
    it's handiest. Mr. Such, the printer, in Union-street in the Borough.
    Oh! yes, some at Catnach's--leastways, it ain't Catnach's now, it's
    Fortey's. Yes, I remember 'old Jemmy Catnach' very well; he wa'n't a
    bad sort, as you say; leastways, I've heard so, but I never had
    anything of him. I always paid for what I had, and did not say much to
    him, or he to me--Writing the life of him, are you indeed? No, I can't
    give you no more information about him than that, because, as I said
    before, I bought my goods as I wanted them, and paid for them, then
    away on my own account and business. Well he was a man something like
    you--a little wider across the shoulders, perhaps, but about such a
    man as you are. I did know a man as could have told you a lot about
    "old Jemmy," but he's dead now; he was one of his authors, that is, he
    wrote some of the street-ballads for him, and very good ones they
    used to be, that is, for selling. Want some old 'Dying Speeches' and
    'Cocks,' do you indeed; well, I a'nt got any--I don't often 'work'
    them things, although I have done so sometimes, but I mostly keep to
    the old game--'Ballads on a Subject.' You see them other things are no
    use only just for the day, then they are no use at all, so we don't
    keep them--I've often given them away. You'd give sixpence a piece for
    them, would you, indeed, sir; then I wish I had some of them. Now I
    come to think of it I know a man that did have a lot of them bye him,
    and I know he'd be glad to sell them, I don't know where he lives, but
    I sometimes see him. Oh! yes, a letter would find me. My name is
    Samuel Milnes, and I live at No. 81, Mint-street, that's in the
    Borough; you know, Guagar is the name at the house. Thank you, sir,
    I'm much obliged. Good day sir."

Our next adventure--in pursuit of knowledge under difficulties--occured at
Brighton in the month of August, 1869, and when we were winding our way
through a maze of small streets lying between Richmond and Albion Hills,
in the Northern part of the town, our ears voluntarily "pricked up," on
hearing the old familiar sounds of a 'street, or running patterer' with
the stereotyped sentences of "Horrible."--"Dreadful."--"Remarkable letters
found on his person."--"Cut down by a labouring man."--"Quite
dead."--"Well-known in the town."--"Hanging."--"Coroner's
Inquest."--"Verdict."--"Full particulars."--"Most determined
suicide."--"Brutal conduct."--&c., &c., _Only a ha'penny!--Only a
ha'penny!_ Presently we saw the man turn into a wide court-like place,
which was designated by the high-sounded name of "SQUARE," and dedicated
to RICHMOND; hither we followed him, and heard him repeat the same
detached sentences, and became a purchaser for--'_only a ha'penny!_' when
to our astonishment we discovered a somewhat new phrase in cock or
catchpenny selling. Inasmuch as our purchase consisted of the current
number (253) of the _Brighton Daily News_--a very respectable looking and
well printed Halfpenny Local Newspaper, and of that day's publication, and
did in reality contain an account of a most determined suicide of an old
and highly respected inhabitant of Brighton and set forth under the
heading of:--

  THE DETERMINED SUICIDE OF AN AGED ARTIST.
  REMARKABLE LETTERS OF DECEASED.

Calling the man aside, we ventured upon a conversation with him in the
following form:--

    ----"Well, governor, _how does the cock fight?_" "Oh, pretty well,
    sir; but it ain't a cock; its a genuine thing--the days for cocks,
    sir, is gone bye--cheap newspapers 'as done 'em up." "Yes; we see this
    is a Brighton Newspaper of to-day." "Oh, yes, that's right enough--but
    its all true." "Yes; we are aware of that and knew the unfortunate man
    and his family; but you are vending them after the old manner."
    "That's all right enough, sir,--you see I can sell 'em better in that
    form than as a newspaper--its more natural like for me: I've sold
    between ten and twelve dozen of 'em to-day." "Yes; but how about
    to-morrow?" "Oh, then it will be all bottled up--and I must look for a
    new game, I'm on my way to London, but a hearing of this suicide job,
    I thought I'd work 'em just to keep my hand in and make a bob or two."
    To our question of "Have you got any real old 'cocks' by you?" He
    replied, "No, not a bit of a one; I've worked 'em for a good many
    years, but it 'aint much of a go now. Oh, yes, I know'd 'old Jemmy
    Catnach' fast enough--bought many hundreds, if not thousands of quires
    of him. Not old enough? Oh, 'aint I though; why I'm turned fifty, and
    I've been a 'street-paper' seller all my life. I knows Muster Fortey
    very well; him as is got the business now in the Dials--he knows his
    way about, let him alone for that; and he's a rare good business man
    let me tell you, and always been good and fair to me; that I will say
    of him."

Having rewarded the man with a few half-pence to make him some recompense
for having detained him during his business progress, we parted company.

While still prosecuting our enquiries for information on the literature of
the streets, we often read of, and heard mention made of, a Mr. John
Morgan, as one of the "Seven Bards of the Seven Dials" and his being best
able to assist us in the matter we had in hand. The first glimpse we
obtained of the Poet! in print was in an article entitled "The Bards of
the Seven Dials and their Effusion" and published in "THE TOWN," of 1839,
a weekly journal, conducted by the late Mr. Renton Nicholson, better known
as "Baron Nicholson," of Judge and Jury notoriety:--

    REVIEW.

    _The Life and Death of John William Marchant_, who suffered the
    extreme penalty of the law, in front of the Debtor's door, Newgate, on
    Monday, July 8th, 1839, for the murder of Elizabeth Paynton, his
    fellow servant, on the seventeenth of May last, in Cadogan Place,
    Chelsea. By John Morgan. London: J. Catnach, 2 and 3, Monmouth Court,
    7 Dials.

    The work is a quarto page, surrounded with a handsome black border.
    "Take no thought for to-morrow, what thou shalt eat, or what thou
    shalt put on," says a certain writer, whose wisdom we all reverence,
    and then he adds "Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof"--a
    remark particularly applicable to the bards of Seven Dials, whose pens
    are kept in constant employment by the fires, rapes, robberies, and
    murders, which, from one year's end to the other, present them with a
    daily allowance of evil sufficient for their subsistence. But, at
    present, it is only one of these poets, "John Morgan," as he modestly
    signs himself, whom we are about to notice; and as some of our readers
    may be curious to see a specimen of the poetry of Seven Dials, we
    shall lay certain portions of John Morgan's last effusion before them,
    pointing out the beauties and peculiarities of the compositions as we
    go along. After almost lawyer-like particularity as to dates and
    places, the poem begins with an invocation from the murderer in
    _propria personae_.

        "Oh! give attention awhile to me,
         All you good people of each degree;
         In Newgate's dismal and dreary cell,
         I bid all people on earth farewell."

    Heaven forbid, say we, that _all_ the people on earth should ever get
    in Newgate, to receive the farewell of such a blood-thirsty
    miscreant.

      "John William Marchant is my name,
       I do confess I have _been to blame_."

    And here we must observe that the poet makes his hero speak of his
    offence rather too lightly, as if, indeed, it had been nothing more
    than a common misdemeanour.

      "I little thought, my dear parents kind,
       I should leave this earth with a troubled mind."

    Now this _is_ modest; he is actually surprised that his parents are at
    all grieved at the idea of getting rid of such a scoundrel, and well
    he might be.

      "I lived as servant in Cadogan Place,
       And never thought this would be my case,
       To end my days on the fatal tree:
       Good people, pray drop a tear for me."

    There is a playfulness about the word "drop," introducing just here
    after "the fatal tree," which, in our mind, somewhat diminishes the
    plaintiveness of the entreaty; but we must not be hypocritical.

           *       *       *       *       *

    Then comes his trial and condemnation, the account of which is most
    remarkable precise and pithy.

      "At the Old Bailey I was tried and cast,
       And the dreadful sentence on me was past
       On a Monday morning, alas! to die,
       And on the eight of this month of July."

    A marvellous particularity as to dates, intended, doubtless, to show
    the convicts anxiety that, although he died young, his name should
    live long in the minds of posterity. Then follows his farewell to
    father and mother, and an impudent expression of confidence that his
    crime will be forgiven in heaven, an idea, by-the-by, which is
    reported to have been confirmed by the Ordinary of Newgate, who told
    him that the angels would receive him with great affection; and this
    it was, perhaps, which induced our bard of Seven Dials to represent
    his hero as coolly writing poetry up to the very last moment of his
    existence; taking his farewell of the public in these words:--

      "Adieu, good people of each degree,
       And take a warning, I pray, by me;
       The bell is tolling, and I must go,
       And leave this world of misery and woe."

    But we cannot exactly see what business the fellow--"a pampered
    menial," had to speak ill of the world, when he was very comfortably
    off in it, and might have lived long and happily if it had not been
    for his own wickedness; a hint which we throw out for the benefit of
    Mr. John Morgan, in his future effusions, trusting he will not make
    his heroes die grumby, when poetic justices does not require it.

    But we must now take our leave, with a hearty wish to the whole
    fraternity of Seven Dials' bards, that they may never go without a
    dinner for want of the means of earning it, or that, in other words,
    though they seem somewhat contradictory, "Sufficient unto the day may
    be the evil thereof."

Again, the writer of an article on "Street Ballads," in the "National
Review," for October, 1861, makes the following remarks:--

    "This Ballad--'Little Lord John out of Service'--is one of the few
    which bear a signature--it is signed 'John Morgan' in the copy which
    we possess. For a long time we believed this name to be a mere
    _nom-de-plume_; but the other day in Monmouth Court, we were informed,
    in answer to a casual question that this is the real name of the
    author of some of the best comic ballads. Our informant added that he
    is an elderly, we may say old, gentleman, living somewhere in
    Westminster; but the exact whereabouts we could not discover. Mr.
    Morgan followed no particular visible calling, so far as our informant
    knew, except writing ballads, by which he could not earn much of a
    livelihood, as the price of an original ballad, in these buying-cheap
    days, has been screwed down by the publishers to somewhere about a
    shilling sterling. Something more like bread-and-butter might be made,
    perhaps, by poets who were in the habit of singing their own ballads,
    as some of them do, but not Mr. Morgan. Should this ever meet the eye
    of that gentleman (a not very probable event, we fear), we beg to
    apologise for the liberty we have taken in using his verses and name,
    and hope he will excuse us, having regard to the subject in which we
    are humble fellow-labourers. We could scarcely avoid naming him, the
    fact being that he is the only living author of street-ballads whose
    name we know. That self-denying mind, indifferent to worldly fame,
    which characterised the architects of our cathedrals and abbeys, would
    seem to have descended on our ballad-writers; and we must be thankful,
    therefore, to be able to embalm and hand down to posterity a name here
    and there, such as William of Wykeham, and John Morgan. In answer to
    our inquiries in this matter, generally, we have been told, 'Oh,
    anybody writes them,' and with that answer we have had to rest
    satisfied. But in presence of that answer, we walk about the streets
    with a new sense of wonder, peering into the faces of those of our
    fellow-lieges who do not carry about with them the external evidence
    of overflowing exchequers, and saying to ourselves, 'That man may be a
    writer of ballads.'"

At every enquiry we made for information in regard to street-literature,
we still continued to be referred to Mr. John Morgan as the most likely
person living to supply what we needed on the subject.

But the grave question arose in our own minds of the How, When, and Where:
could we find out and interview this said Mr. John Morgan, Poet! First we
made enquiry at the office of Mr. Taylor, Printer of Ballads, &c., 92 and
93, Brick Lane, Spitalfields, but, they "had not the least idea where we
could find him. In fact they had only heard of him as a ballad-writer, and
knew nothing about where he lived, never having employed him: had perhaps
printed some of his ballads. Thought Mr. Such, of the Borough, might give
some information, but, sure to find out all about him in the Seven Dials
district."

Mr. H. Such, Machine Printer and Publisher, 177, Union Street, Borough,
S.E., on being applied to could give us no positive information as to the
whereabout of Mr. John Morgan--he knew him, but where he lived he could
not tell. Mr. Fortey or Mr. Disley, in the Dials-way, would be most likely
to know.

Mr. William S. Fortey, (late A. Ryle, successor to the late J. Catnach),
Printer, Publisher, and Wholesale Stationer, 2 and 3, Monmouth Court,
Seven Dials, London, W., on being applied to could not exactly tell where
Mr. John Morgan did live, it was somewhere Westminster-way: it was very
uncertain when he should next see him, because he did not sometimes call
in for weeks together, yet he might by chance see him to-morrow, or the
next day. Anyway, we felt that we had no right to press the question any
further, more particularly so because Mr. Fortey had been very civil and
obliging to us on other occasions--in fact we have been under great and
lasting obligations to him, so changed the conversation.

Mr. Henry Disley, Printer, 57, High Street, St. Giles', London, who we
found to be a very genial sort of a man, and that he had formerly been in
the service of James Catnach; he was working in his front shop at a small
hand-press on some cards relative to a forthcoming FRIENDLY LEAD,[1] to be
held at a public-house in the immediate neighbourhood, while Mrs. Disley
was hard at work colouring some Christmas Carols, and which she did with a
rapidity that was somewhat astonishing. In answer to our inquiry whether
he knew of one John Morgan--who was--as we described him, "something of a
song writer." Well! both Mr. and Mrs. Disley together--"did know
him--should think they did." But when we came to enquire about his private
address they knew nothing about that. He (Mr. Morgan) wrote ballads for
them at times: often called on them--whenever he did it was always to sell
a _good_ ballad he had on hand, or to tell them what _bad_ times it was
with him: but as to where he lived, beyond that it was somewhere
Westminster-way, they did not know--in fact, had not the least idea. But,
most likely, Mr. Fortey, him in Monmouth Court, did. Yes! come to think of
it, he would be sure to know.

The very unsatisfactory and evasive answers received in reference to the
address of Mr. John Morgan gave a zest to our zeal in the matter--so much
so, that we then determined "to work the oracle" out in our way.

At this time we had a near relative occupying chambers in Barnard's Inn,
which we held to be a good central and lawyer-like address--one that had
the "true ring," of business and substantiality about it. Yes! Barnard's
Inn, Holborn, London, E.C., looked to our mind to be likely to serve our
stratigical purpose to the point we desired. Having made all the
preparatory arrangements, we then procured from a neighbouring stationer's
shop a sheet of mourning note-paper and an envelope of large proportions,
each having the very blackest and broadest of black borders we could find
in stock. Then we wrote in a law-like hand:--

    _No. 6, Barnard's Inn,
    Holborn, London, E.C.,
    February 26, 1870._

    _THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE:--If Mr. John Morgan, ballad-writer, &c., will
    call at the above address on or after Wednesday next. He will hear
    something greatly to his advantage._

        _(Signed)_
            [Signature: Charles Hindley.]

    _Mr. John Morgan,
        care of............
            ..............London._

The above document having been duly intrusted to Her Majesty's Post Master
General for delivery, we had to abide our time for the result. We had not
to wait long, for although we had appointed the next following Wednesday
to communicate "_something greatly to the advantage of Mr. John Morgan_,"
he turned up a little sooner than we expected, or desired, by reason of
his putting in an appearance at Barnard's Inn on Tuesday evening, where he
arrived "happy and glorious," and made earnest enquiries for "the
gentleman who had sent him a letter to say he had got a something to his
advantage--perhaps a fortune! For sometimes he thought somebody would die
and leave him one. Where was the gentleman who wrote him the letter? He
says that I am to call here. He sent it in a black-bordered envelope for
him. Where is the gentleman? See here is the letter, and all in
black--black as your hat--look for yourself, sir."

All the above was spoken to a friend of ours who lived on the ground-floor
at the particular house in Barnard's Inn, where Mr. John Morgan had been
requested to call on Wednesday. It was then only Tuesday, and that fact
had to be explained; also, that the gentleman in question was not at
present in his chambers on the third-floor, but would be in the morning up
to 10 o'clock. Our friend on the first-floor--who had received
instructions from us in the event of Mr. John Morgan turning-up while we
were not at home--informed us of all that had taken place when we arrived
a little later on in the evening.

On the next morning preparations were made for the reception of our
expectant friend--a good fire, a good breakfast, and a half-pint of "Old
Tom" from Carr's well-known Establishment, St. Clement Danes, Strand.

Very soon after the old clock of the ancient hall of Barnard's Inn, and
all the public clocks in the surrounding neighbourhood had proclaimed
aloud that the hour of 10 a.m. of that Wednesday morning had arrived,
there was heard a knock at the outer door of our chamber-rooms, and on the
same being opened, Mr. John Morgan announced himself as the party to whom
the gentleman had sent a black-bordered letter and envelope for him to say
there was a something to his advantage to be had. Then Mr. John Morgan,
full of bows and scrapes, was ushered into our presence.--He was the party
who had received the letter. Oh! yes, Mr. Morgan we added: take a seat
sir. Yes, sir, and thank you to, he replied, at the same time sitting down
and then very carefully despositing his somewhat delapidated hat
under--far under--the chair. We then enquired whether he would have
anything to eat, or have a cup of coffee. No! it was a little too early in
the morning for eating, and coffee did not always agree with him. Or, a
drop of good "Old Tom," we somewhat significantly suggested. Mr. John
Morgan would very much like to have a little drop of gin, for it was a
nasty raw cold morning: In answer to our enquiry whether he would prefer
hot or cold water, elected to have it neat if it made no difference to us.

Mr. John Morgan at our suggestion having "wet the other eye," _i.e._,
taken the second glass, the real business part of the question we had met
upon commenced thus:--"We have been informed that you were acquainted
with, and used to write for the late James Catnach, who formerly lived in
the Seven Dials, and that you can give us much of the information that we
require towards perfecting a work we have in hand treating on Street
Literature. If you are willing to do so, we are prepared to treat with you
in a liberal manner, and that, please to at once to understand is the
'_Something greatly to your advantage_ that is mentioned in the note we
addressed to you.'" Here Mr. John Morgan hinted that he thought it was--or
he had hoped it was, a little fortune some one had been kind enough to
leave him, he always expected that old Jemmy Catnach would--after what he
had done for him, have left him a bit, however small, but no such luck.

Mr. Morgan expressed his willingness to give all the information he could
on the subject and leave it to our generosity to pay him what we pleased,
and adding that he had no doubt that we should not fall out on that score.
And so we proceeded, we talked and took notes. Mr. Morgan talked and took
gin. Mr. Morgan got warm--warmer and warmer--and very entertaining, his
conversational powers increased wonderfully, he became very witty and
laughed _ha! hah!!_ he joked and made merry at some old reminiscences in
connection with old Jemmy Catnach--and admitted, that after all old Jemmy
wasn't a particular bad sort--that is, when you knew him, and could handle
him properly--then old Jemmy was as right as my leg! Still we continued to
talk and take notes, still Mr. Morgan talked and took gin, until he
emulated the little old woman who sold "Hot Codlings," for of her it is
related that--"the glass she filled and the bottle she shrunk and that
this little old woman in the end got----."

At length it became very manifest that we should not be able to get any
more information out of Mr. John Morgan on that day, so proposed for him
to call again on the morrow morning and at the same time and place to
pursue the thread of our narrative. Then having presented him with a
portrait of Her most gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, set in gold, we
volunteered to see him down stairs which we observed were very
crooked--Mr. Morgan thought they were very old and funny ones: up and down
like--in fact what old Charley Dibdin would have called regular "whopping
old stairs!" Being safely landed from the last stone step on to the
stone-paved way, we thought it advisable, for appearance sake, to conduct
our friend out of Barnard's Inn by a sideway leading into Fetter-lane.
After that it occurred to us that it would perhaps be better to see him to
the Fleet-street end of the lane and then to put him into a Westminster
omnibus, but we had reached Somerset House before one going that way came
in sight. Then it was Mr. John Morgan suddenly recollected that he could
not pass his old friend Short--who was Short? why surely you know
Short--old Short, him as sells the wine so good and so cheap, there over
the way--that's Short's--"WINES FROM THE WOOD," that's out of the cask you
know, you remind me to-morrow, sir, and I'll tell you a good tale about
old Short before he made such a lot of money as he has got now.--Capital
chap old Short, he knows me--it's all about a song I wrote--but I'll tell
you all about it to-morrow. Besides I must have change ye know for there's
no one got any at my home--my landlord--There's no change about him, Oh!
dear no--He's never got any change but he's always got an old account, do
you see? an old account--but no matter let's go in!

Respectfully, but firmly declining the kind and very pressing invitation
to have "only just one drop with old Short." We left Mr. John Morgan to
take care of himself for the day and to be sure to meet us on the next
morning in Barnard's Inn at 10 o'clock--sharp.

At length the wishful morrow came, also ten of the clock, but not so Mr.
John Morgan, nor did he call at any hour during the day. But soon after 11
o'clock the next day he made his appearance, but being so stupidly drunk
we gave him some money and told him to call again to-morrow. And he did,
but still so muddled that we could make nothing out of him, so we somewhat
curtly dismissed him and returned to Brighton.

The next day the letter--of which we give a _verbatim et literatim_
copy--was received and then forwarded on to us.

    90 Great Peter Street
    Westminister, S.W.

    Saturday the 5th of March 1870.

    My Dear and Kind Sir:--I return you my most sincere and heartfelt
    thanks for the Kindness I received from you and deeply I regret if I
    caused you any displeasure the fact is I have been greatly put about
    And you having been so kind as to give me refreshments it overpowered
    me I fell and hurt myself. And I am now destitute without a penny in
    the world or a friend to help me. I feel as though I offended you I
    hope not I think by the Little conversation we had I may be able to
    please you I have been considering in my doleful moments matters of
    importance if my kind and good friend you can favour me with a Line
    this Saturday Evening I will be most grateful I shall not go out
    waiting to hear from you I am placed in a most Sad position accept my
    thanks write Me a Line in answer to this Befriend me if it is possible
    And I will make all right and with gratitude,

    Anxiously waiting your kind and I trust favourable reply.

        [Signature: Your Hum{ble} Servt
            John Morgan]

    Charles Hindley, Esq
    6 Barnard's Inn
    Holborn
    W.C.

Having no desire to incur the expense of another journey to London in the
matter, and believing that we had obtained sufficient information on the
subject, we published, in the year 1871, a limited number of copies of our
work under the title of:--

  CURIOSITIES OF STREET LITERATURE:
  COMPRISING "COCKS," OR "CATCHPENNIES,"
  A Large and Curious Assortment of
  STREET DROLLERIES, SQUIBS, HISTORIES, COMIC STORIES
  IN PROSE AND VERSE,

  BROADSIDES ON THE ROYAL FAMILY,

  POLITICAL LITANIES, DIALOGUES, CATECHISMS, ACTS OF PARLIAMENT,
  STREET POLITICAL PAPERS.

  A VARIETY OF "BALLADS ON A SUBJECT,"
  _DYING SPEECHES AND CONFESSIONS_,
  TO WHICH IS ATTACHED THE ALL-IMPORTANT AND NECESSARY
  AFFECTIONATE COPY OF VERSES, AS

  "Come, all you feeling-hearted Christians, wherever you may be,
  Attention give to these few lines, and listen unto me;
  It's of this cruel murder, to you I will unfold,
  The bare recital of the same will make your blood run cold."


  "What hast here? ballads? I love a ballad in print, or a life; for then
  we are sure they are true."--_Shakespeare._

  "There's nothing beats a stunning good murder, after all."--_Experiences
  of a Running Patterer._


  LONDON:
  REEVES AND TURNER
  196, STRAND,
  1871.


  CURIOSITIES OF STREET LITERATURE.

  Guaranteed only Four Hundred and Fifty Six Copies Printed,

  NAMELY,--

        L s. d.

  250 on Fine Toned Demy 4to                           Published at 1  1 0
  100 on Large Post 4to, printed on one side of the
      paper only                                           "        1  5 0
  100 on Fine French Linear Writing Paper, printed
      on one side only,
          and in imitation of the Catnachian tea-like
          paper of old                                     "        1 11 6
    6 on Yellow Demy 4to paper                             "        2  2 0
  ---
  456

  [Symbol: Pointing hand] EACH COPY OF EACH EDITION NUMBERED.

Our work on the Curiosities of Street Literature soon ran out of print.
But we continued to gather from time to time fresh information on the
subject of the "Two Catnachs--John and James," and in the early part of
1876 we determined on publishing a work, to be entitled "The Life and
Times of James Catnach--late of Seven Dials--Ballad Monger." And for the
purpose of obtaining the verification, amendment, or denial to the several
scraps of information we had obtained, we wrote to our old friend, Mr.
John Morgan, on the subject, and from him we received the letters that
follow:--

    No. 1, Model Cottages, Little St. Anne's Lane,
    Great Peter Street, Westminster,
    London, S.W.

    _16th February, 1876._

    Sir,

    I received your Letter this Morning: I have removed to above address
    two years and seven months, I have been in Bed seven weeks suffering
    from Bronchitis; but am now recovering and shall get up to-day, but
    the Doctor will not permit me to go out.

    Whatever you may require I am ready and willing to do to the utmost of
    my abilities, and be happy to serve you, and much regret I have not
    the strength to venture to ---- Street. If anything can be done by
    Letter or otherwise, I will willingly attend to your request, your
    reply will greatly oblige,

        [Signature: Your Hum{ble} Servt
            John Morgan]

    P.S.--Please excuse the illegible scribble as I write this in Bed.

    Charles Hindley, Esq.,
    76, Rose Hill Terrace, Brighton.


    No. 1, Model Cottages, Little St. Ann's Lane,
    Great Peter Street, Westminster, London, S.W.

    _17th February, 1876._

    Sir,

    I have just received yours, 7 p.m., and in reply I beg to say that
    when I came to London in 1818 Catnach's Father was not living.

    Catnach, his Mother, and Sister Julia the youngest, resided at 2,
    Monmouth Court, the old woman and Julia worked at a small hand
    press--I joined him about 1818--his father died before.--I understood
    Julia went astray--the Mother Died about 1826. Anne Ryle was the widow
    of an Officer: a Waterloo man--with one child--had a pension.

    Catnach had but little type, and no stock to speak of: he had a Sister
    at Portsea the wife of a mate of a ship in harbour, and kept a
    song-shop. His Mother lived with him 7 or 8 years.--I understand about
    the "Horses-heads." Cox and Kean, I forget except the title and
    chorus:--

        COX _versus_ KEAN;
              OR
        LITTLE BREECHES.

      "With his ginger tail he did assail, and did the prize obtain,
       This Merry Little Wanton Bantam Cock of Drury Lane--
                                                  LITTLE BREECHES."

    Ann Stanton was tried for cutting the Cock's Head off there was no
    verses.

    As regards the Sausages, Catnach printed a few lines on a
    quarter-sheet, that caused a great uproar, he was taken to Bow Street.
    Catnach had six months. There was no verses, it was quickly done. He
    printed the life of Mother Cummins, of Dyot Street--now, George
    Street, and that was knocked into "pye" in quick sticks. There was a
    change after he went to Alnwick in Northumberland, where he carried a
    small press and printed the state of the poll every day, while there
    he took up his freedom.[2] He came home and printed "Cubitt's
    Treadmill":--

      "And we're all treading, tread, tread, treading,
       And we're all treading at fam'd Brixton Mill."

    and kept going forward--retired and went to Barnet, left the business
    to James Paul and Ann Ryle. That is many years ago. I seldom go near
    the Seven Dials, perhaps once in 3, 4, 5, or six months. I remember
    many occurrances but 56 years is a long time, I have just entered my
    77th year. Anything you require as far as I can I will send and
    remain,

        [Signature: Your Hum{ble} Servt
            John Morgan]

    Charles Hindley, Esq.,
    76, Rose Hill Terrace, Brighton.


    1 Model Cottages, Little Ann's Lane,
    Great Peter Street, Westminster, London, S.W.

    _29th February, 1876._

    Dear Sir:--

    If I was to go back and think of passing events it would fill a
    volume. First in 1820--Catnach then being very poor--at the death of
    George the third, and the Duke of Kent he printed an Elegy:

      "Mourn, Britons mourn! Your sons deplore,
       Our royal Sovereign is now no more."

    Then comes the election for Westminster: Burdett, Hobhouse, and Lamb.
    He had a song:--

      "Oh, Cammy Hobby is the man,
       And so is daddy Sir Franky, O;
       The Hon. W. Lamb is going mad
       And kicking like a donkey, O."
              "Oh, the naughty Lamb--
               The miserable sinner, O
               We'll have him roast and boil'd
               And cut him up for dinner, O."

    During the whole time of the election party spirit ran very high. A
    real lamb's head with a real rat in its mouth, was stuck upon the top
    of a pole. From the rat's tail hung a cock's comb. On the lamb's head
    was placed a lawyer's wig, surmounted with a fool's cap. On a board
    immediately below the head, was inscribed in front--"Behold the
    ratting lamb, with a cock's comb at his tail." On the other side, the
    inscription was--

      "If silly lambs will go ratting,
       'Tis fit they get this sort of batting."[3]

    Then came The Dog's Meat Man-Founded on fact:--

      In Gray's Inn Lane, not long ago.
      An old maid lived a life of woe;
      She was fifty-three, with a face like tan,
      When she fell in love with a dogs'-meat man.
      Much she loved this dogs'-meat man,
      He was a good-looking dogs'-meat man;
      Her roses and lilies were turn'd to tan,
      When she fell in love wi' the dogs'-meat man.

      Every morning when he went by,
      Whether the weather was wet or dry,
      And right opposite her door he'd stand,
      And cry "dogs'-meat," did this dogs'-meat man.
      Then her cat would run out to the dogs'-meat man,
      And rub against the barrow of the dogs'-meat man,
      As right opposite to her door he'd stand,
      And cry "Dogs' Meat," did this dogs'-meat man.

      He said his customers, good lord!
      Owed him a matter of two pound odd;
      And she replied, it was quite scan-
      Dalous to cheat such a dogs'-meat man.
      "If I had but the money," says the dogs'-meat man,
      "I'd open a tripe-shop," says the dogs'-meat man,
      "And I'd marry you to-morrow."--She admired the plan,
      And she lent a _five-pound note_ to the dogs'-meat man.

      He pocketed the money and went away,
      She waited for him all next day,
      But he never com'd; and then she began
      To think she was diddled by the dogs'-meat man;
      She went to seek this dogs'-meat man,
      But she couldn't find the dogs'-meat man;
      Some friend gave her to understan'
      He'd got a wife and seven children--this dogs'-meat man.

    Mother Cummins lived and kept Brothels in Dyot Street, Bloomsbury
    Square, after, and still called George Street, named after the Prince
    Regent George 4th, at that time "Beggar's Opera" where the Prince and
    nobles resorted was at the Rose and Crown, Church Lane, St. Giles.
    Catnach printed her life. In the Beggar's Opera, were assembled
    matchmakers, beggars, prigs and all the lowest of the low. There was
    old black Billy Waters, with his wooden leg, dancing and playing his
    fiddle, and singing:--

      Polly will you marry me--Polly don't you cry,
      Polly come to bed with me; and get a little boy.

    some were dipping matches, some boiling potatoes and salt herrings,
    some swearing, some dancing--all manners of fun, _&c._

    Then comes Queen Caroline's trial; Catnach gets out a song:--

      As I walked down the Greenwich-road one evening in June,
      I never saw so fine a sight as on that afternoon.
      I never saw so fine a sight, or, one half so good,
      As for to see Queen Caroline supported by a Wood.
      That Wood shall never be cut down, but stand for ever more;
      And he'll protect our innocent Queen Sweet Caroline on our shore.

    which was followed by a skit on George IVth called:--

    "THE GREAT BABE IN A MESS."

    then another on Queen Caroline's _crin con_ case with Bergami who
    couldn't _remember_ nothing at all.

    "BERGAMI, THE _Non mi recordo_."

[Illustration]

    Who are you? "_Non mi recordo._"

    What countryman are you--a foreigner or an Englishman? "_Non mi
    recordo._"

    There was something fresh everyday until the end of the Trial. Catnach
    then prints some "papers" belonging to J. Pitts, Printer, Gt. Saint
    Andrew-street, which causes a flare-up and a bother.

    Then comes the sheet of "Horses Heads" which heads were like Eldon,
    Peel, Canning, &c. Just before they were out Mr. Rockcliff, a Printer
    in Old Gravel Lane, Radcliff-Highway sends for me--there was bottles
    of whisky. Rockcliff had engaged with a man called Oliver Cromwell to
    get him one of the first sheets printed off Catnach's press of the
    "Horses Heads" and he would give him half-a-crown. Rockcliff then
    requested me to bring him the first sheet of "Horses Heads" and get
    the half-a-crown. I went and got the sheet and meets Oliver Cromwell
    going into Catnach's as I came out, so I got the half-a-crown.
    Rockcliff copies the sheet, then engaged with Lowe the Printer in
    Compton-street to supply all the West-end. So it went on and made
    plenty of bother between them.

    Catnach got on like a house on fire printing Religious Sheets, then
    came the murder of William Weare Esq. by John Thurtell, Hunt and
    Probert. I remember all that affair well,--Then the execution of
    Thurtell. A twelve-month after Probert was hanged for horsestealing.
    Then came the trial of Henry Fauntleroy a banker in Berner's Street
    Oxford Street executed for forgery. Then came Corder and Maria Marten
    and the Red Barn, so that is the way Catnach got on from a poor man to
    be a gentleman. There is many little things I may think of but close
    for the present and remain:--

        [Signature: Your Hum{ble} Servt
            John Morgan]


    1, Model Cottages, Little St. Ann's Lane,
    Great Peter Street, Westminster,
    London. _17th March, 1876._

    Sir,

    I received yours. My recollection is not so good as I would wish.

    I think to the best of my recollection in 1819 there were some old men
    who had been forty-years in the streets at that time, their names were
    old Jack Smith, Tom Caton, old Jack Rush, Tom Anderson and a few
    others. When they wanted anything they made up fresh reports, and
    things were done without the least hesitation. As respects Mr. Pizzy
    the Pork Butcher, it was some of these men that went to Blackman
    Street, Clare Market, and created an uproar about the sausages, crowds
    assembled, and windows were broken, they were charged with rioting and
    taken to Bow Street, before--as they told me, Sir Richard Burnie, and
    I think Mr. Minshull. Catnach was sent to Clerkenwell for trial, and
    was afterwards sentenced to six months, and he served the full time.
    Then there was the trial of the four poor Irishmen for coining, in the
    first year of the mayorality of the late Sir Matthew Wood, and a lot
    of other things which I think would answer the purpose.

    About twenty-six years ago Henry Mayhew sent for me, and he began a
    work something like yours, but by some means it stopped. There is
    matters that would help to fill up a Book without going to much
    expense.

        [Signature: Your Hum{ble} Servt
            John Morgan]

    Charles Hindley, Esq.,
    76, Rose Hill Terrace, Brighton.

At this date we were through the instrumentality of Mrs. Paul, widow of
Mr. James Paul--formerly in the service of Catnach, introduced to Mrs.
Elizabeth Benton, the last surviving daughter of John and Mary Catnach.
Mr. Benton was assistant treasurer, and box-book keeper to Mr. Alfred
Bunn, of Covent Garden and Drury Lane Theatres, Mrs. Benton, at the time
being wardrobe-mistress and _costumier_. At one period Mr. and Mrs. Benton
lived with Mr. Bunn in St James' Place, St. James' Street, Mrs. Benton
acting in the capacity of housekeeper. During several seasons Mr. Benton
was also treasurer for the proprietors of Vauxhall Gardens, afterwards he
filled the same office for E. T. Smith--_Dazzle Smith!_ at Cremorne
Gardens. He died abroad in 1856. The interview we had with Mrs. Benton led
up to receiving the two letters that follow:--

    5, Sonderburg Road,
    Seven Sisters' Road, Holloway.
    London. _November, 13th, 1876._

    Dear Sir,

    In reply to your letter, in which you ask if I know where my Father
    and mother were married, I regret to say I do not know for certain if
    it was in Edinburgh or Berwick-on-Tweed, but I am certain it was not
    in Alnwick.

           *       *       *       *       *

    I shall feel obliged for the [Alnwick] Journal, and also for the
    Register of Baptisms.

    I always understood that my father was a descendant of Catnach, King
    of the Picts.

        [Signature: I remain yours &
            E Benton]

    P.S.--The paper has not arrived--shall be glad to hear from you by
    return of Post.

    Charles Hindley, Esq.,
    76, Rose Hill Terrace, Brighton.


    5, Sonderburg Road,
    Seven Sisters' Road, Holloway,
    London. _November 18, 1876._

    Dear Sir,

    I am sorry I have not answered your letter before, but I have been
    very ill.

    I am sorry I can give you no more information than I have already
    given you, but about Mrs. Ryle and Mr. ---- I cannot exactly say, and
    as my niece Mrs. Harding was but a girl when her uncle died I should
    not like to apply to her as it would be painful.

    My father was dead when the Battle of Waterloo was fought, but was in
    Alnwick at the Battle of Trafalgar, and for some time after. My Father
    had 3 residences in London. 1. (only a shop) in Wardour Street, Soho
    Square, and ditto also Gerrard Street, and also in Charlotte Street,
    Fitzroy Square (apartments).

    My Father had a severe illness, also a fever of which he died. I
    should feel very much obliged if you could find me a copy of the
    Hermit of Warkworth, and I will willingly pay for it, and also Blair's
    Grave.

    I am very much obliged for the Registers, and if I can supply you with
    further information I will do so with pleasure. I have not heard from
    Mr. [Mark] Smith.

        [Signature: I remain Yours &c.
            E Benton]

    P.S.--I received the Paper [Alnwick Journal] with thanks.

    C. Hindley, Esq.,
    76, Rose Hill Terrace, Brighton.

It was at this particular date of our history--1876--that we had the good
fortune to get acquainted with Mr. George Skelly, of Alnwick--who, like
ourselves, is possessed of the _cacoethes scribendi_, and was at the time
supplying, _con amore_, an article to the _Alnwick Journal_, entitled
"John and James Catnach," which we found to contain certain information
relative to the elder Catnach, and also of the earlier portion of the life
of James, of which we had no previous knowledge. At our solicitation to be
allowed to make a selection from the same, we received a most courteous
and gentlemanly letter, which, in addition to containing several pieces of
information and answers to many queries we had put to Mr. Skelly, he wound
up by saying:--"You have full liberty to make use of anything that I have
written, and it will afford me much pleasure if I can further your
intentions in any way."

From that date, Mr. George Skelly continued to correspond with us on the
subject of the "Two Catnachs," nearly up to the last moment of our going
to press with our own "Life and Times of James Catnach," and to him we are
greatly indebted for much of the information therein contained. And it was
at his suggestion that we wrote the following letter to the _Alnwick
Journal_--Mr. Skelly at the same time furnishing the local paragraph.

    Letter to the Editor.

    _To the Editor of the Alnwick Journal._

    76, Rose Hill Terrace, Brighton,
    June 16th, 1876.

    SIR,--Your townsman, Mr. George Skelly, in the concluding chapter of
    his excellent article of "John and James Catnach," makes mention of my
    name as being engaged in preparing for publication "The Life and Times
    of James Catnach, formerly of Seven Dials, printer of ballads, &c."
    Such being the fact, I shall therefore be glad if you would allow me
    sufficient space in the _Alnwick Journal_, to ask your readers and
    correspondents who possess any additional facts, sayings, doings, or
    letters of the two Catnachs--John and James--to supply me with the
    same, when I shall have much pleasure in assigning to any such
    contributions a proper chronological place in my work, and of
    acknowledging the source of the same, while all documents or books
    will be faithfully returned by yours, &c., &c.,

        CHARLES HINDLEY.

           *       *       *       *       *

    JOHN AND JAMES CATNACH.--It will be seen by a correspondence in
    another page that Mr. Charles Hindley, of Brighton, is preparing for
    publication the "Life and Times of James Catnach," and he respectfully
    solicits from our readers any facts and scraps they may be possessed
    of, also the loan of any letters or books suitable for the extention
    of the life of the celebrated and withal eccentric printer, who,
    although a native of Alnwick, settled in London, and occupied a
    peculiar position for upwards of a quarter of a century in the Seven
    Dials district. We trust that our correspondent may be enabled to add
    to his all ready large stock of material in hand a few more items, by
    the publication of his letter in our columns. Mr. Hindley's work,
    will, it is expected, be published by Messrs. Reeves and Turner, of
    the Strand, London, during the coming autumn.

The above letter to the _Alnwick Journal_ was the means of obtaining
another valuable correspondent--Mr. George H. Thompson, also of Alnwick,
who volunteered his services to aid and assist, to the best of his time
and ability, in supplying all the information he possessed or could glean
from his friends and acquaintances in the good old borough of Alnwick, or
the county at large. And _inter alia_ copied out _verbatim_ from the
Parish Register of Baptisms in St. Michael's Church all the entries in
connection with the family of John and Mary Catnach and which will be
found _in extenso_ at pages 2-3 of this work.

Mr. George Skelly and Mr. G. H. Thompson are fortunate by their residence
in Alnwick in having had the acquaintance and friendship of the late Mr.
Mark Smith--James Catnach's fellow apprentice, Mr. Thomas Robertson, Mr.
Tate, the local historian, and several other _Alnwick-folk_. And they have
made the best possible use of the circumstance to supply us with
information on the subject of our enquiry.

Recently Mr. Geo. Skelly has forwarded to us an original trade invoice of
John Catnach of which we here append a _fac-simile_ copy:--

  [Illustration]                 _ALNWICK_

  _Mr. Smart_,
                  _Bought of_ J. CATNACH,

      1807.
    _July 29._                _L  s.   d._

  _Printing 500 Bills_            8 ,, 6
                                ----------

  [Signature: Paid
                 J. Catnach]

We have now brought up the history of our pursuit of knowledge to the eve
of the publication of the Life and Times of James Catnach--late of Seven
Dials, Ballad-monger--which was first announced in 1878 in the manner
following.

    YE LIFE OF JEMMY CATNACH.

    [Illustration]

    Now, my friends, you have here just printed and pub--lish--ed, the
    Full, True, and Particular account of the Life, Trial, Character,
    Confession, Condemnation, and Behaviour, together with an authentic
    copy of the last Will and Testament: or DYING SPEECH, of that
    eccentric individual "Old Jemmy Catnach," late of the _Seven Dials_,
    printer, publisher, toy-book manufacturer, dying-speech merchant, and
    ballad-monger. Here, you may read how he was bred and born the son of
    a printer, in the ancient Borough of Alnwick, which is in
    Northumberlandshire. How he came to London to seek his fortune. How he
    obtained it by printing and publishing children's books, the
    chronicling of doubtful scandals, fabulous duels between ladies of
    fashion, "cooked" assassinations, and sudden deaths of eminent
    individuals, apocryphal elopements, real or catch-penny accounts of
    murders, impossible robberies, delusive suicides, dark deeds and
    public executions, to which was usually attached the all-important and
    necessary "Sorrowful Lamentations," or, "Copy of Affectionate Verses,"
    which, according to the established custom, the criminal composed, in
    the condemned cell, the night before his execution.

    Yes, my customers, in this book you'll read how Jemmy Catnach made his
    fortune in Monmouth Court, which is to this day in the Seven Dials,
    which is in London. Not only will you read how he did make his
    fortune, but also what he did and what he didn't do with it after he
    had made it. You will also read how "Old Jemmy" set himself up as a
    fine gentleman:--JAMES CATNACH ES--QUIRE.

    And how he didn't like it when he had done it. And how he went back
    again to dear old Monmouth Court, which is in the Seven Dials
    aforesaid. And how he languished, and languishing, did die--leaving
    all his old mouldy coppers behind him--and how being dead, he was
    buried in Highgate Cemetery.

    Furthermore, my ready-money customers, you are informed that there are
    only 750 copies of the work print-ed and pub-lish-ed, viz., namely
    that is to say;--500 copies on crown 8vo, at 12/6 each.

    250 copies on demy 8vo., at 25/- each.

    LONDON:
    REEVES AND TURNER,
    196, STRAND, W.C.
    1878.

The Seven Dials!--Jemmy Catnach and Street Literature are, as it were, so
inseparably bound together that we now propose to give a short history of
the former to enable us to connect our own history with the later:--

The Seven Dials were built for wealthy tenants, and Evelyn, in his
_Diary_, 1694, notes: "I went to see the building near St. Giles's, where
Seven Dials make a star from a Doric pillar placed in the middle of a
circular area, in imitation of Venice." The attempt was not altogether in
vain. This part of the parish has ever since "worn its _dirt_ with a
difference." There is an air of shabby gentility about it. The air of the
footman or waiting-maid can be recognised through the tatters, which are
worn with more assumption than those of their unsophisticated neighbours.

  "You may break, you may shatter the vase if you will;
   But the scent of the roses will hang round it still."

The Seven Dials are thus described in Gay's Trivia:--

  "Where famed St. Giles's ancient limits spread,
   An in-railed column rears its lofty head;
   Here to seven streets, seven dials count their day,
   And from each other catch the circling ray;
   Here oft the peasant, with inquiring face,
   Bewildered, trudges on from place to place;
   He dwells on every sign with stupid gaze--
   Enters the narrow alley's doubtful maze--
   Tries every winding court and street in vain,
   And doubles o'er his weary steps again."

This column was removed in July, 1773, on the supposition that a
considerable sum of money was lodged at the base; but the search was
ineffectual.

Charles Knight, in his "London," writes thus of Seven Dials:--

    "It is here that the literature of St. Giles's has fixed its abode;
    and a literature the parish has of its own, and that, as times go, of
    a very respectable standing in point of antiquity. In a letter from
    Letitia Pilkington, to the demure author of 'Sir Charles Grandison,'
    and published by the no less exemplary and irreproachable Mrs.
    Barbauld, the lady informs her correspondent that she has taken
    apartments in Great White Lion Street, and stuck up a bill intimating
    that all who have not found 'reading and writing come by nature,' and
    who had had no teacher to make up the defect by art, might have
    'letters written here.' With the progress of education, printing
    presses have found their way into St. Giles's, and what with
    literature and a taste for flowers and birds, there is much of the
    'sweet south' about the Seven Dials harmonising with the out-of-door
    habits of its occupants. It was here--in Monmouth Court, a
    thoroughfare connecting Monmouth Street with Little Earl Street--that
    the late eminent Mr. Catnach developed the resources of his genius and
    trade. It was he who first availed himself of greater mechanical skill
    and a larger capital than had previously been employed in the
    department of THE TRADE, to substitute--for the excrable tea-paper,
    blotched with lamp-black and oil, which characterised the old
    broadside and ballad printing--tolerably white paper and real
    printer's ink. But more than that, it was he who first conceived and
    carried into effect, the idea of publishing collections of songs by
    the yard, and giving to purchasers, for the small sum of one penny (in
    former days the cost of a single ballad), strings of poetry,
    resembling in shape and length the list of Don Juan's mistresses,
    which Leporello unrolls on the stage before Donna Anna. He was no
    ordinary man, Catnach; he patronised original talents in many a bard
    of St Giles's and is understood to have accumulated the largest store
    of broadsides, last dying speeches, ballads and other stock-in-trade
    of the flying stationer's upon record."

Douglas Jerrold in his article on the Ballad Singer, published in "Heads
of the People; or Portraits of the English"--1841, writes thus of Seven
Dials and its surroundings:--

    "The public ear has become dainty, fastidious, hypercritical; hence
    the Ballad-Singer languishes and dies. Only now and then, his pipings
    are to be heard * * * With the fall of Napoleon, declined the English
    Ballad-Singer. During the war, it was his peculiar province to vend
    halfpenny historical abridgments to his country's glory; recommending
    the short poetic chronicle by some familiar household air, that fixed
    it in the memory of the purchaser, who thus easily got hatred of the
    French by heart, with a new assurance of his own invulnerability. No
    battle was fought, no vessel taken or sunken, that the triumph was not
    published, proclaimed in the national gazette of our Ballad-Singer. If
    he were not the clear silver trump of Fame, he was at least her tin
    horn. It was he who bellowed music into news, which, made to jingle,
    was thus, even to the weakest understanding, rendered portable. It was
    his narrow strips of history that adorned the garrets of the poor; it
    was he who made them yearn towards their country, albiet to them so
    rough and niggard a mother.

    Napoleon lost Waterloo, and the English Ballad-Singer not only lost
    his greatest prerogative, but was almost immediately assailed by
    foreign rivals, who had well-nigh played him dumb. Little thought the
    Ballad-Singer, when he crowed forth the crowning triumphs of the war,
    and in his sweetest possible modulations breathed the promised
    blessings of a golden peace, that he was then, swan-like, singing his
    own knell; that he did but herald the advent of his own provencal
    destroyers.

    Oh muse! descend and say, did no omen tell the coming of the fall? Did
    no friendly god give warning to the native son of song? Burned the
    stars clearly, tranquilly in heaven,--or shot they madly across
    Primrose-hill, the Middlesex Parnassus?

           *       *       *       *       *

    Evening had gathered o'er Saint Giles's, and Seven Dials. So tranquil
    was the season, even publishers were touched. Catnach and Pitts sat
    silent in their shops; placing their hands in breeches-poke, with that
    serenity which pockets best convey, they looked around their
    walls--walls more richly decked than if hung with triumphs of Sidonian
    looms, arrayed with Bayeux stitchings; walls, where ten thousand
    thousand ballads--strips harmonious, yet silent as Apollo's unbraced
    strings,--hung pendulous, or crisply curling, like John Braham's hair.
    Catnach and Pitts, the tuneful masters of the gutter-choir, serenely
    looked, yet with such comprehensive glance, that look did take their
    stock. Suddenly, more suddenly than e'er the leaves in Hornsey wood
    were stirred by instant blast, the thousand thousand ballads swung and
    rustled on the walls; yet wind there was not, not the lightest breath.
    Still like pendants fluttering in a northern breeze, the ballads
    streamed towards Catnach, and towards Pitts! Amazing truth--yet more;
    each ballad found a voice! 'Old Towler' faintly growled; 'Nancy
    Dawson' sobbed and sighed; and, 'Bright Chanticleer' crowed weakly,
    dolorously, as yet in chickenhood, and smitten with the pip. At the
    same instant, the fiddle, the antique viol of Roger Scratch, fell from
    its garret-peg, and lay shivered, even as glass.

    A cloud fell upon Seven Dials; dread and terror chilled her many
    minstrels: and why--and wherefore?

    At that dread moment, a ministrel from the sunny south, with
    barrel-organ, leapt on Dover beach! Seven Dials felt the shock: her
    troubadours, poor native birds, were to be out-carrolled and
    out-quavered, by Italian opera retailed by penn'orths to them, from
    the barrel-organs: and prompt to follow their masters, they let the
    English ballad singer sing unheard.

    The Ballad-Singer has lost his occupation; yet should he not pass away
    unthanked, unrecompensed. We have seen him a useful minister in rude
    society; we have heard him a loud-mouthed advocate of party zeal, and
    we have seen him almost ground into silence by the southern
    troubadour. Yet was he the first music-seller in the land. Ye
    well-stocked, flourishing vendors of fashionable scores, deign to cast
    a look through plate glass at your poor, yet great original,
    bare-footed and in rags, singing, unabashed, amidst London
    wagon-wheels: behold the true decendant of the primative
    music-seller."

Charles Dickens, as Boz, long since "sketched" the Seven Dials, and at the
same time and place given us his--"Meditations in Monmouth Street":--

    "Seven Dials! the region of song and poetry--first effusions, and last
    dying speechees: hallowed by the names of Catnach and Pitts--names
    that will entwine themselves with costermongers, and barrel-organs,
    when penny magazines shall have superseded penny yards of song, and
    capital punishment be unknown."

Several years ago Mr. Albert Smith, who lived at Chertsey, discovered in
his neighbourhood part of the Seven Dials--the column doing duty as a
monument to a Royal Duchess--when he described the circumstance in a
pleasant paper, entitled "Some News of a famous Old Fellow," in his "Town
and Country Magazine." The communication is as follows:--

    "Let us now quit the noisome mazes of St. Giles's and go out and away
    into the pure leafy country. Seventeen or eighteen miles from town, in
    the county of Surrey, is the little village of Weybridge.

    One of the lions to be seen at Weybridge is Oatlands, with its large
    artificial grotto and bath-room, which is said--but we cannot
    comprehend the statement--to have cost the Duke of Newcastle, who had
    it built, L40,000. The late Duchess of York died at Oatlands, and lies
    in a small vault under Weybridge Church, wherein there is a monument,
    by Chantrey, to her memory. She was an excellent lady, well-loved by
    all the country people about her, and when she died they were anxious
    to put up some sort of a tribute to her memory. But the village was
    not able to offer a large some of money for this purpose. The good
    folks did their best, but the amount was still very humble, so they
    were obligated to dispense with the service of any eminent architect,
    and build up only such a monument as their means could compass.
    Someone told them that there was a column to be sold cheap in a
    stonemason's yard, which might answer their purpose. It was
    accordingly purchased; a coronet was placed upon its summit; and the
    memorial was set up on Weybridge Green, in front of the Ship Inn, at
    the junction of the roads leading to Oatlands, to Shepperton Lock, and
    to Chertsey. This column turned out to be the original one from Seven
    Dials.

    The stone on which the dials were engraved or fixed, was sold with it.
    The poet Gay, however, was wrong when he spoke of its seven faces. It
    is hexagonal in its shape; this is accounted for by the fact that two
    of the streets opened into one angle. It was not wanted to assist in
    forming the monument, but was turned into a stepping stone, near the
    adjoining inn, to assist the infirm in mounting their horses, and
    there it now lies, having sunk by degrees into the earth; but its
    original form can still be easily surmised. It may be about three feet
    in diameter.

    The column itself is about thirty feet high and two feet in diameter,
    displaying no great architectural taste. It is surmounted by a
    coronet, and the base is enclosed by a light iron railing. An
    appropriate inscription on one side of the base indicates its erection
    in the year 1822, on the others are some lines to the memory of the
    Duchess.

    Relics undergo strange transpositions. The obelisk from the mystic
    solitudes of the Nile to the centre of the Place de la Concorde, in
    bustling Paris--the monuments of Nineveh to the regions of Great
    Russell Street--the frescoes from the long, dark, and silent Pompeii
    to the bright and noisy Naples--all these are odd changes. But in
    proportion to their importance, not much behind them is that old
    column from the crowded dismal regions of St. Giles to the sunny
    tranquil Green of Weybridge."

We are now approaching--"The beginning of the end"--of our history. We
were not taken by surprise as we know that "coming events cast their
shadows before," and that:--

                        Often do the spirits
  Of great events stride on before the events,
  And in to-day already walks to-morrow.

Therefore we were well prepared to read in the newspapers of October,
1883, the following paragraph:--

    The old-established printing and publishing house formerly occupied by
    James Catnach, 2, Monmouth-court, Seven Dials, will soon be amongst
    the lost landmarks of London. The Metropolitan Board of Works have
    purchased the house, and it is to be pulled down to make the new
    street from Leicester-square to New Oxford-street. The business of the
    literature of the street was founded by James Catnach in 1813, who
    retired in 1840. The ballads and broadsides he printed, many of them
    illustrated with cuts by Bewick, helped to furnish the people with
    news and political and social ballads for generations.

All that is fortold in the above has since taken place, Monmouth-court and
the house and shop wherein old Jemmy Catnach established the "Catnach
Press" in the year 1813 has disappeared to make way for the "New
Thoroughfare" from Leicester-square to New Oxford street, and:--

THE CATNACH PRESS

removed by Mr. W. S. Fortey--Catnach's successor--to Great St.
Andrew-street, Bloomsbury, W.C.

_O tempora! O mores!_




[Illustration: THE HISTORY OF THE CATNACH PRESS, AND THE TWO CATNACHS,
JOHN & JAMES, FATHER & SON, _Printers_, 1769-1841.]


[Illustration]

THOMAS BEWICK,

Thomas Bewick died at his house on the Windmill-Hills, Gateshead, November
the 8th, 1828, in the seventy-sixth year of his age, and on the 13th he
was buried in the family burial-place at Ovingham, where his parents,
wife, and brother were interred.


[Illustration]

THE CATNACH PRESS.

In addition to the full title of our work--"The History of the Catnach
Press"--the two Catnachs--John and James--father and son, we deem it
necessary to incidentally introduce into our pages some notice of Alnwick,
an ancient borough, market-town and parish of Northumberland, also a few
passing remarks on the life and doings of Mr. William Davison, who, in
conjunction with the elder Catnach as a business partner and subsequent
successor, employed Thomas Bewick--an English artist, who imparted the
first impulse to the art of wood-engraving--for many of their
publications.

Of the early life of John Catnach, (_Kat-nak_), the father, we have little
information. He was born in 1769, at Burntisland, a royal burgh and parish
of Fifeshire, Scotland, where his father was possessed of some
powder-mills. The family afterwards removed to Edinburgh, when their son
John was bound apprentice to his uncle, Sandy Robinson, the printer. After
having duly served out his indentures, he worked for some short time in
Edinburgh, as a journeyman, then started in a small business of his own in
Berwick-upon-Tweed, where he married Mary Hutchinson, who was a native of
Dundee, a seaport-town in Scotland. While at Berwick a son and heir, John,
was born. In 1790 they removed their business to Alnwick, and during their
residence there seven children were born to them and from the Register of
Baptisms in St. Michael's Church we glean that four of them were baptised
at one time, viz., September 24, 1797, and there described as "of John
Catnach, printer, and Mary his wife: Dissenter."[?] John Catnach had been
brought up in the Roman Catholic faith, and his wife as a Presbyterian.
The following is taken _verbatim_ from the Parish Register:--

    Sep{t.} 24, 1797.

    Margaret, Daug{r.} of John Catnach, printer, and Mary his Wife. Born
    Dec{r.} 26{th}, 1790. Dissenter.

    James, son of John Catnach, printer, and Mary his Wife. Born August
    18{th}, 1792. Dissenter.

    Mary, Daug{r.} of John Catnach, printer, and Mary his Wife. Born
    February 26{th}, 1794. Dissenter.

    Nancy, Daug{r.} of John Catnach, printer, and Mary his Wife. Born
    Sep{r.} 2{nd}, 1795. Dissenter.

    May 23, 1798.

    Elizabeth Catnach. Born March 21, 1797, 4{th} Daughter of John
    Catnach, printer, native of Burnt Island, Shire of Fife, by his wife
    Mary Hutchinson, Native of Dundee, Angus Shire, Scotland.

    Dec{r.} 14, 1798.

    Isabella Catnach. Born Nov{r.} 2, 1798. 5th Daughter of Jn{o.}
    Catnach, Stationer, Nat. of Scotland, by his wife, Mary Hutchinson,
    Nat. of Dundee, Angus Shire, Scotland.

    March 28, 1800.

    Jane Catnach, 6{th} Daughter of John Catnach, printer, Native of
    Edinburgh (_sic_) by his wife Mary Hutchinson, Native of Dundee,
    Scotland.

To the above we have to add that there were two sons--John, born to John
and Mary Catnach. John I. who was born at Berwick-upon-Tweed, died August
27, 1794, aged 5 years and 7 months, and we find him duly recorded in the
Register of Deaths. John II., whose name appears at the end of the
inscription on a tombstone in Alnwick churchyard, and of which further
mention will be made in another portion of our work, died, presumably
unbaptized, March 5, 1803, aged 4 months.

John Catnach was not long a resident in the borough of Alnwick before he
became acquainted with many of the principal tradesmen in the place.
Naturally he was of a free-and-easy disposition, and, like many of his
kinsman on the Borders, was particularly fond of the social glass. The
latter practice he allowed to grow upon him in such a way that it
ultimately interfered very much with his business prospects, and finally
hastened his death.

The shop that he commenced business in, was situated in Narrowgate-street,
and adjoining the old Half-Moon hostelry. In gaining access to the place
one had to ascend a flight of steps. Whilst in this shop he secured a fair
amount of patronage, and the specimens of printing that emanated from his
press are of such a character as to testify to his qualifications and
abilities in the trade which he adopted as his calling. He possessed a
fond regard for the traditions and customs which for centuries had been so
closely associated with the Border country.

When the printing press was first introduced into Alnwick is not exactly
known; but that it was considerably before the time of Catnach is certain.
John Vint, the bookseller and author of the "Burradon Ghost," for several
years used a press for printing purposes in the town, and Thomas Lindsay
carried on a similar business at a still earlier period.

John Catnach had a great relish for printing such works as would admit of
expensive embellishments, which, at the time he commenced business, were
exceedingly rare. The taste he displayed in the execution of his work will
be best exemplified in examining some of the printed editions of the
standard works which emanated from his press; and in no instance is this
more characteristically set forth than in those finely printed books which
are so beautifully illustrated by the masterly hand of Thomas Bewick and
his accomplished and talented pupil, Luke Clennell. Notably among which
are:--

1.--"The Beauties of Natural History. Selected from Buffon's History of
Quadrupeds, &c. Alnwick: J. Catnach, [n. d.] _Circa_ 1790, 12mo., pp. 92.
With 67 cuts by Bewick."--Another edition. Published and Sold by the
Booksellers. By Wilson and Spence, York, and J. Catnach, printer, Alnwick.
(Price 1_s._ 6_d._ sewed, or 2_s._ half-bound.) [n. d.] _Circa_ 1795.

The embellishments of "The Beauties of Natural History" form an unique and
valuable collection. They are very small and were done at an exceedingly
low price, yet every bird and animal is exquisitely brought out in the
minutest detail; whilst many of the illustrations which served as "tail
pieces" are gems of art.

2.--"Poems by Percival Stockdale. With cuts by Thomas Bewick. Alnwick:
printed by J. Catnach. 1800."

3.--"The Hermit of Warkworth. A Northumberland Ballad. In three Fits. By
Dr. Thos. Percy, Bishop of Dromore. With Designs by Mr. Craig; and
Engraved on Wood by Mr. Bewick. Alnwick: Printed and Sold by J. Catnach.
Sold by Lackington, Allen, and Co., London; Constable and Co., Edinburgh;
and Hodgson, Newcastle. 1806." The Arms of the Duke of Northumberland
precedes the Dedication, thus:--

  [Illustration]

  TO HER GRACE FRANCES JULIA,
  DUCHESS OF NORTHUMBERLAND,
  _This Edition of_
  THE HERMIT OF WARKWORTH,
  Is respectfully Inscribed
  By Her Grace's Obliged and Humble Servant,
                                    J. CATNACH

  ALNWICK, _October, 1805_.

4.--A Second Edition; of which a few copies were printed on extra thick
paper, royal 8vo., to match with some of his other works, illustrated by
Bewick, pp. xiv., 182, with 13 cuts. At the end of the Poem are a
Postcript, a Description of the Hermitage of Warkworth, Warkworth Castle,
Alnwick Castle, Alnwick Abbey, and A Descriptive Ride in Hulne Park,
Alnwick: Printed and Sold by J. Catnach. Sold by Wilson and Spence, York.
1807.


THE HERMIT OF WARKWORTH.

[Illustration]

  "And now, attended by their host,
   The hermitage they view'd."

[Illustration]

  With hospitable haste he rose,
    And wak'd his sleeping fire:
  And snatching up a lighted brand,
    Forth hied the reverend sire.

      *       *       *       *

[Illustration]

  He fought till more assistance came;
    The Scots were overthrown;
  Thus freed me, captive, from their bands,
    To make me more his own.

The illustrations of "The Hermit of Warkworth" are, upon the whole, very
creditable, and are well calculated to enhance the value of the book, but
as works of art some few of them fall far short of many of Craig or
Bewick's other productions.

John Catnach also printed and published a series of Juvenile Works, as
"The Royal Play Book: or, Children's Friend. A Present for Little Masters
and Misses." "The Death and Burial of Cock Robin, &c. ADORNED WITH
CUTS.--Which in many cases were the early productions of Thomas
Bewick.--Alnwick: Sold Wholesale and Retail by J. Catnach, at his Toy-Book
Manufactory."

[Illustration]


In the year 1807, John Catnach took an apprentice--a lad named Mark Smith,
of whom more anon; a few months afterwards he entered into partnership
with a Mr. William Davison, who was a native of Ponteland, in the county
of Northumberland, but he duly served his apprenticeship as a chemist and
druggist to Mr. Hind, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and for whom he ever
cherished a fond regard. The union was not of long duration--certainly
under two years--but it is very remarkable that two such men should have
been brought together, for experience has shown that they were both
morally and socially, the very opposite of each other.

During the partnership: Mr. Davison held his business of chemist, &c., in
Bondgate-street; while the printing and publishing continued at
Narrowgate-street, and among the works published by the firm of CATNACH
and DAVISON we may record:--

"The Minstrel; or, The Progress of Genuis. In Two Parts. With some other
Poems. By James Beattie, LL.D. With sixteen Cuts from Designs by Mr.
Thurston; and engraved on Wood by Mr. Clennel, Alnwick. Printed by Catnach
and Davison. Sold by the Booksellers in England and Scotland. 1807. 12mo.
and Royal 8vo., pp. 142."

"The Grave. A Poem. By Robert Blair. To which is added Gray's Elegy. In a
Country Church Yard. With Notes Moral and Explanatory. Alnwick: Printed by
Catnach and Davison. Sold by the Booksellers in England, Scotland, and
Ireland. 1808. 12mo., pp. xiv., 72. With a frontispiece and other cuts by
Thomas Bewick."

[Illustration: _T. Bewick._]

THE GRAVE.

  "Prone, on the lowly grave of the dear man
   She drops; whilst busy meddling Memory,
   In barbarous succession, musters up
   The past endearments of their softer hours
   Tenacious of its theme."

After the dissolution of the strange partnership, Mr. Davison still
prosecuted with vigour the several departments of the business; for
although reared to the prescribing of physics, he had a fine taste and
relish for the book trade, and the short time that he was with Catnach
enabled him to acquire a good amount of valuable information on this
subject. Be this as it may, he soon laid the basis of a large and
lucrative business. About the first work Mr. Davison issued on his own
account was:--

[Illustration]

THE REPOSITORY OF SELECT LITERATURE.

Being an Elegant Assemblage of Curious, Scarce, Entertaining and
Instructive Pieces in Prose and Verse. Adorned with beautiful Engravings
by Bewick, &c. Alnwick: Printed by W. Davison. Sold by the Booksellers in
England and Scotland. 1808.

This work is a fine specimen of provincial book-printing; its pages are
adorned with some of Bewick's excellent cuts. There is one that we would
particularly refer to, and that is "Shepherd Lubin." In size it is very
small, but, like most of Bewick's pieces, sufficiently large to show the
inimitable skill of the artist. The picture tells its own tale:--

  "Young Lubin was a shepherd's boy,
     Who watched a rigid master's sheep,
   And many a night was heard to sigh,
     And may a day was seen to weep."

[Illustration: _And for whole days would wander in those places she had
been used to walk with Henry._]

"The History of Crazy Jane, by Sarah Wilkinson, with a frontispiece by
Bewick: Alnwick. Printed by W. Davison; _and Sold by all the Principal
Booksellers in England and Scotland_. 1813."

[Illustration: "WILLIE BREW'D A PECK O'MAUT."]

"The Poetical Works of Robert Burns. Engravings on Wood by Bewick, from
designs by Thurston. Alnwick: Printed by Catnach and Davison, 1808." And
London: Printed for T. Cadell and Davis, Strand, 1814. With cuts
previously used in Davison's publications.

[Illustration]

"Many of the engravings produced for Burns' Poems, are of a very superior
class, and cannot be too highly commended."--_Hugo._

[Illustration: "SANDIE AND WILLIE."]

"The Poetical Works of Robert Ferguson, with his Life. Engravings on Wood
by Bewick. ALNWICK: Printed by W. Davison."

Mr. Davison, following up the actions of his former partner, had a great
regard for the standard poets. Previous to the issuing of the poems of
Ferguson they had tried to imbue a better taste into the minds of the
general reader, by means of publishing nothing but what was of an
elevating character. And this will be seen by examining such works as
Buffon, Beattie, Percy, Burns, &c. Almost simultaneously with the poems of
Burns appeared those of Ferguson. Both works are uniform in size and
price--_viz_: 2 vols., Foolscap 8vo.--12s. in boards; they contain some of
Bewick's choicest and most exquisite wood-engravings.

"The Northumberland Minstrel: A Choice Selection of Songs. Alnwick:
Printed by W. Davison."

There were only three numbers of this work published,[4] each of which
contained 48 pages. The object of this undertaking was for the carrying
out a project which at that time was becoming very popular, and consisted
in bringing together in a collected form some of the best and most admired
of our ballad-poetry. In fact, the object Mr. Davison had in view was only
to extend what had been so successfully accomplished by Herd, Ramsay,
Motherwell, Ritson, and others.

Mr. Davison continued in business at Alnwick up to the time of his death,
in 1858, at the ripe age of 77. He was by far the most enterprising
printer that had settled in the North of England. His collection of wood
blocks was very large, and it is hardly possible to form an adequate
conception of the many hundreds of beautiful specimens which he possessed.
He stated that he had paid Thomas Bewick upwards of five hundred pounds
for various woodcut blocks. With a view of disposing of some of his
surplus stock, he printed and published in 4to., a catalogue:--"NEW
SPECIMENS OF CAST-METAL ORNAMENTS AND WOOD TYPES, SOLD BY W. DAVISON.
ALNWICK. With impressions of 1,100 Cast Ornaments and Wood Blocks, many of
the latter executed by Thomas Bewick." This Catalogue--now exceedingly
rare--is of the greatest interest and utility, as it embraces a series of
cuts dispersed, as Mr. Hugo plainly shows, among a considerable number of
publications, and enables those who collect Bewick's pieces to detect the
hand of the Artist in many of his less elaborated productions.

Those of our readers who desire more information as to the many books
printed by W. Davison, the Alnwick publisher, are referred to "The Bewick
Collector," and the Supplement thereto, by the Rev. Thomas Hugo, M.A., &c.
London: 1866-68. These volumes, illustrated by upwards of two hundred and
ninety cuts, comprise an elaborate descriptive list of the most complete
collection yet formed of the works of the renowned wood-engravers of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Not only to Bewick collectors, but to all persons
interested in the progress of Art, and especially of wood-engraving, these
volumes, exhibiting chronologically the works of the Fathers of that Art
in England, cannot fail to be of the highest interest.

Mr. Davison printed and published a series of Halfpenny Books; they are
not only well printed, but in addition to this it is not unusual to see
them illustrated by some of Thomas Bewick's choicest engravings. Mr. Hugo
possessed twenty-seven in number, the titles of which he enumerates in his
"Bewick Collector" and the Supplement thereto: adding the remarks that
follow:--

    "The cuts in these little publications are for the most part the same
    which were used by Davison in the other and more important works which
    issued from his press. The volumes are in 32mo, and in typographical
    excellence are far in advance of all other children's books of the
    period of their publication with which I am acquainted."

Herewith we publish one of the series from our own private collection. The
justness of Mr. Hugo's opinion will be at once seen.




  THE GUESS BOOK,
  A COLLECTION OF
  _INGENIOUS PUZZLES_.

  [Illustration]

  ALNWICK:
  Published and Sold by W. Davison.

  _Price One Halfpenny_,


2

  a b c d e

  f g h i j k

  l m n o p

  q r s t u v

  w x y z &


3

THE

GUESS BOOK.

[Illustration]

THE MOON.

  There was a thing a full month old,
    When Adam was no more;
  But ere that thing was five weeks old,
    Adam was years five score.


4

_Guess Book._

[Illustration]

A CAT.

  In almost every house I'm seen,
    (No wonder then I'm common),
  I'm neither man, nor maid, nor child,
    Nor yet a married woman.


5

_Guess Book._

[Illustration]

A CANNON.

  I am the terror of mankind,
    My breath is flame, and by its power
  I urge my messenger to find
    A way into the strongest tower.


6

_Guess Book._

[Illustration]

AN OWL.

  My patron is Wisdom--if Wisdom you prize,
  In me put your confidence, borrow my eyes,
  Who into a mill-stone can see quite as far
  As the best of you all, by the light of a star.


7

_Guess Book._

[Illustration]

A TOP.

  I ne'er offend thee,
  Yet thou dost me whip,
  Which don't amend me,
  Though I dance and skip;
  When I'm upright,
  Me you always like best,
  And barbarously whip me
  When I want rest.


8

_Guess Book._

[Illustration]

BOOKS.

  With words unnumber'd I abound;
    In me mankind do take delight;
  In me much learning's to be found;
    Yet I can neither read nor write.


9

_Guess Book._

[Illustration]

A DRUM.

  My sides are firmly
  Lac'd about,
  Yet nothing is within:
  You'll think my head
  Is strange indeed,
  Being nothing else but skin.


10

_Guess Book._

[Illustration]

A SAND-GLASS.

  Made of two bodies join'd,
  Without foot or hand;
  And yet you will find
  I can both run and stand.


11

_Guess Book._

[Illustration]

TIME.

  Ever eating, never cloying,
  All devouring, all destroying,
  Never finding full repast
  Till I eat the world at last.


12

_Guess Book._

[Illustration]

DEATH.

  The gate of life, the cause of strife,
    The fruit of sin,
  When I appear, you drop a tear,
    And stay within.


13

_Guess Book._

[Illustration]

A PAIR OF SHOES.

  To rich and poor
  We useful are;
  And yet for our reward,
  By both at last
  We're thrown away,
  Without the least regard.


14

_Guess Book._

[Illustration]

A SQUIRREL.

  I am a busy active creature,
  Fashion'd for the sport of nature,
  Nimbly skip from tree to tree,
  Under a well-wrought canopy;
  Bid Chloe then to Mira tell
  What's my name and where I dwell.


15

_Guess Book._

[Illustration]

A FISH.

  Though it be cold I wear no clothes,
    The frost and snow I never fear;
  I value neither shoes nor hose,
    And yet I wander far and near.

[Illustration]




[Illustration]

[Signature: John Catnach]

AT NEWCASTLE.

    "There is no fooling with Life, when it is once turned forty: the
    seeking of a Fortune then is but a desperate after-game: it is a
    hundred to one if a man fling three sixes, and recover all; if his
    hand be no luckier than mine."--_Cowley._

In or about the latter part of the year 1808, John Catnach, with his wife
and family, left Alnwick for Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and commenced business
in a small shop in Newgate-street, and among other Works which he printed
there, mention may be made of "The Battle of Chevy Chase," a selection
from the works of "Dr. Samuel Johnson, in two volumes," and "The Life of
John Thompson, Mariner. Written by Himself: Also, his Divine Selections,
in Prose and Verse. _From esteemed Authors._ Embellished with steel
Engravings. Newcastle: _Printed for the Author_. By J. Catnach,
Newgate-street. 1810. 12mo., pp. lxxvi., 214. With two tail-pieces by
Thomas Bewick."

John Thompson, _alias_ Godfried Thomas Leschinsky, born at Riga, 1782, was
a seaman. He sailed with Nelson's fleet to Copenhagen, 1801. Continuing at
sea he endured many hardships from severe accidents and ill health, and
was at length discharged as not being fit for his Majesty's service. In
1806, while in the Infirmary at Newcastle, one of his legs--from old
injuries, rapidly mortified and had to be amputated. Subsequently, in
consequence of the bones and joints of his right hand decaying, his arm
was taken off below the elbow. He for years made a living out of his
misfortunes and assumed piety. Catnach was induced, by specious reasoning,
to undertake the printing of the book, but the eleemosynary author dying
just as it was all worked off but not bound, he had the whole of the stock
thrown on his hands to do the best he could with. There were between fifty
and sixty claims set up by persons who averred that they had in part, or
whole, paid for a copy each to the author on signing his subscription
list, and most of these claims were allowed on the payment of sixpence
extra: the work was subscribed for at 3s. 6d., but being extended to 20
pages more than was expected, the price was advanced to 4s.

John Catnach, at Newcastle, worked attentively for awhile, but without
finding his expectations realised. Alas! time and the change of scene and
companions had not improved the man. He contrived to get into a great
amount of debt, without the least possible chance, from his irregular mode
of living, of being able to pay it off. Eventually, he made up his mind
for the worst, and the downward course would seem to have been the only
way open to him. From bad to worse, and from one extreme to the other, he
rapidly drifted. The loose and irregular manner in which he had existed
was beginning to tell upon his constitution. His business had been
neglected, and his adventures were nearly at a climax. The wreck came,
with a terrific blow; but it was not unlooked for. Poor Catnach was a
bankrupt, and as such sent to the debtor's gaol. But just before, he had
managed to send his wife and daughters to London, together with a wooden
printing press, some small quantity of type, and other articles of his
trade that could be hurriedly and clandestinely got together.

During the five years' residence of John and Mary Catnach in Newcastle,
they had one child, Isabella, burned to death, and another, Julia Dalton,
born to them.

Mr. Mark Smith, who had been bound apprentice to John Catnach, but by
reason of whose removal from the Borough of Alnwick, the indentures had
been rendered void, was then in London, serving out his time as a turnover
and improver with Mr. John Walker, of Paternoster Row, and on being made
acquainted with the arrival of Mrs. Catnach and her family, paid them a
visit at their lodgings in a court leading off Drury-lane, and assisted in
putting up the press and arranging the other few matters and utensils in
connection with their tiny printing office, there to await John Catnach's
release from prison and arrival in the metropolis.

London life to John Catnach proved very disastrous, matters never went
smoothly with him. It was evident to all his friends that he had made a
great mistake in leaving the North of England. Mr. Mark Smith continued to
visit the family as opportunities presented themselves. On one occasion he
found them in extremely distressed circumstances, so much so, that he had
to afford them some temporary relief from his slender earnings and then
left the northern sojourners for the night, promising that he would return
to see them at an early date. Anxious to learn how they were succeeding in
the crowded metropolis, it was not many days before he again visited them,
but this time he found them in a sorry plight; the landlady had distrained
upon their all for arrears of rent. This was an awkward predicament; but
the indomitable young Northumbrian, like the more burly Dr. Johnson of
old, when his friend Oliver Goldsmith was similarly situated, resolved to
do all he could to rescue him from the peril in which he was placed. Not
being prepared for a case of such pressing emergency, the full debt and
costs being demanded, he was compelled to borrow the required amount of
Mr. Matthew Willoughby, a native and freeman of the Borough of Alnwick,
then residing in London, and once more his old master was free.

John Catnach then removed his business to a front shop in Soho, when, in
the absence of work of a higher class, he had to resort to printing
quarter-sheet ballads, here is the title and imprint of one example:--

[Illustration]

TOM STARBOARD AND FAITHFUL NANCY.

  Tom Starboard was a lover true,
    As brave a tar as ever sail'd;
  The duties ablest seamen do
    Tom did, and never had fail'd.

LONDON.--Printed by J. Catnach, and Sold Wholesale and Retail at No. 60,
Wardour-street, Soho-square.

For his wife and family he took apartments in Charlotte Street,
Fitzroy-square. Again he shortly removed his business to Gerrard-street,
where he had hardly got his plant into working order, when on returning
home on the evening of the 29th of August, 1813, he had the misfortune to
fall down and injure his leg. He was immediately taken to St. George's
Hospital, Hyde-park Corner, when rheumatic fever supervened, and although
placed under the skilful treatment of Dr. Young, he never rallied, his
constitution being completely broken, but by means of superior medical
treatment and good nursing he lingered until the 4th of December in the
same year, on which day he died.

Such is a brief _resume_ of the latter years of John Catnach's life. It is
apparent that, by a little application and self-denial, this man might
have made for himself a name and position in the world. He possessed all
the necessary talents for bringing success within his reach. The ground
which he took is the same which in after years proved to be of inestimable
value to hundreds of publishers who never possessed half the amount of
ability and good taste in printing and embellishing books that was centred
in him.

After his death, and just at the time when his widow and daughters were
sunk in the greatest poverty, his son James, who in after years became so
noted in street literature publications, made his way to the metropolis.
It appears that this extraordinary man at one time contemplated devoting
his life to rural pursuits; in fact, when a youth he served for some time
as a shepherd boy, quite contrary to the wish and desire of his parents.
Every opportunity he could get he would run away, far across the moors and
over the Northumbrian mountains, and, always accompanied with his
favourite dog Venus, and a common-place book, in which he jotted down in
rhymes and chymes his notions of a pastoral life.[5] Thus he would stay
away from home for days and nights together.

This project, however, was abandoned, and he commenced to serve as a
printer in the employment of his father. It is rather remarkable that he
and Mr. Mark Smith

[Signature: Mr. Smith.]

were both bound on the same day as apprentices to Mr. John Catnach, and
that they afterwards worked together as "improvers" in their trade with:--

[Illustration: _Joseph Graham, Printer, Alnwick._]

Mr. Hugo, in the Supplement to his "Bewick Collector," pp. 256 (5137),
says:--"This very beautiful Cut was done by Thomas Bewick, sometime about
the year 1794, for a well-known Alnwick printer."


[Signature: James Catnach]

  "Death made no conquest of this man,
   For now he lives in fame, though not in life."

At the time James--or, as he afterwards was popularly called "_Jemmy_,"
or, "_Old Jemmy_" Catnach commenced business in Seven Dials it took all
the prudence and tact which he could command to maintain his position, as
at that time "Johnny" Pitts,[6] of the Toy and Marble Warehouse, No. 6,
Great St. Andrew street, was the acknowledged and established printer of
street literature for the "Dials" district; therefore, as may be easily
imagined, a powerful rivalry and vindictive jealousy soon arose between
these "two of a trade"--most especially on the part of "Old Mother" Pitts,
who is described as being a coarse and vulgar-minded personage, and as
having originally followed the trade of a bumboat woman at Portsmouth: she
"wowed wengeance" against the young fellow in the court for daring to set
up in their business, and also spoke of him as a young "Catsnatch,"
"Catblock," "Cut-throat," and many other opprobrious terms which were
freely given to the new comer. Pitts' staff of "bards" were duly cautioned
of the consequences which would inevitably follow should they dare to
write a line for Catnach--the new _cove_ up the court. The injunction was
for a time obeyed, but the "Seven Bards of the Seven Dials" soon found it
not only convenient, but also more profitable to sell copies of their
effusions to both sides at the same time, and by keeping their own counsel
they avoided detection, as each printer accused the other of obtaining an
early sold copy, and then reprinting it with the utmost speed, which was
in reality often the case, as "Both Houses" had emissaries on the constant
look-out for any new production suitable for street-sale. Now, although
this style of "double dealing" and competition tended much to lessen the
cost price to the "middle-man" or vendor, the public in this case did not
get any of the reduction, as a penny broadside was still a penny, and a
quarter-sheet still a halfpenny to them, the "street-patterer" obtaining
the whole of the reduction as extra profit.

The feud existing between these rival publishers, who have been somewhat
aptly designated as the Colburn and Bentley of the "paper" trade, never
abated, but, on the contrary, increased in acrimony of temper, until at
last not being content to vilify each other by "Words! words!! words!!!"
alone, they resorted to printing off virulent lampoons, in which Catnach
never failed to let the world know that "Old Mother Pitts" had been
formerly a bumboat woman, while the Pitt's party announced that:--

  "All the boys and girls around,
     Who go out prigging rags and phials,
   Know Jemmy _Catsnatch_!!! well,
     Who lives in a back slum in the Dials.
   He hangs out in Monmouth Court,
     And wears a pair of blue-black breeches,
   Where all the "Polly Cox's crew" do resort
     To chop their swag for badly printed Dying Speeches."

But however, in spite of all the opposition and trade rivalry, Catnach
persevered; he worked hard, and lived hard, and was fitted to the
stirring times. The Peninsular wars had just concluded, politics and party
strife ran high, squibs, lampoons, and political ballads were the order of
the day, and he made money. But he had weighty pecuniary family matters to
bear up with, as thus early in his career, his father's sister also joined
them, and they all lived and huddled together in the shop and parlour of
No. 2, Monmouth-court. He did a small and very humble trade as a jobbing
master, printing and publishing penny histories, street-papers, and
halfpenny songs, relying for their composition on one or two out of the
known "Seven Bards of the Seven Dials," and when they were on the drink,
or otherwise not inclined to work, being driven to write and invent them
himself.

The customers who frequented his place of business were for the most part
of the lowest grades of society:--those who by folly, intemperance, and
crime, had been reduced to the greatest penury. Anyone with a few coppers
in his pockets could easily knock out an existence, especially when
anything sensational was in the wind.

The great excitement throughout the country caused by the melancholy death
of the Princess Charlotte, on the sixth day of November, 1817, was an
event of no ordinary description. It was, indeed, a most unexpected blow,
the shining virtues, as well as the youth and beauty of the deceased,
excited an amount of affectionate commiseration, such as probably had
never before attended the death of any royal personage in England.

The Seven Dials Press was busily engaged in working off "papers"
descriptive of every fact that could be gleaned from the newspapers, and
that was suitable for street sale. Catnach was not behind his compeers, as
he published several statements in respect to the Princess's death, and
_made_ the following lines _out of his own head_! And had, continued our
informant--a professional street-ballad writer--"_wood_ enough left for as
many more":--

  "She is gone! sweet Charlotte's gone!
     Gone to the silent bourne;
   She is gone, She's gone, for evermore,--
     She never can return.

   She is gone with her joy--her darling Boy,
     The son of Leopold, blythe and keen;
   She Died the sixth of November,
     Eighteen hundred and seventeen."

The year 1818, proved a disastrous one to Catnach, as in addition to the
extra burden entailed on him in family matters, he had, in the way of his
trade, printed a street-paper reflecting on the private character and on
the materials used in the manufacture of the sausages as sold by the pork
butchers of the Drury-lane quarter in general, and particularly by Mr.
Pizzey, a tradesman carrying on business in Blackmore-street,
Clare-market, who caused him to be summoned to the Bow-street Police Court
to answer the charge of malicious libel, when he was committed to take his
trial at the next Clerkenwell Sessions, by Sir Richard Burnie, where he
was sentenced to six months' imprisonment in the House of Correction, at
Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex.

[Signature: John Morgan]

During Catnach's incarceration his mother and sisters, aided by one of the
Seven Dials bards, carried on the business, writing and printing off all
the squibs and street ballads that were required. In the meanwhile the
Johnny Pitts' crew printed several lampoons on "Jemmy Catnach." Subjoined
is a portion of one of them that has reached us, _viva voce_, of the
aforesaid--John Morgan--professional street-ballad writer:--

  "Jemmy Catnach printed a quarter sheet--
     It was called in lanes and passages,
   That Pizzy the butcher, had dead bodies chopped,
     And made them into sausages.

  "Poor Pizzey was in an awful mess,
     And looked the colour of cinders--
   A crowd assembled from far and near,
     And they smashed in all his windows.

  "Now Jemmy Catnach's gone to prison,
     And what's he gone to prison for?
   For printing a libel against Mr. Pizzey,
     Which was sung from door to door.

  "Six months in quod old Jemmy's got,
     Because he a shocking tale had started,
   About Mr. Pizzey who dealt in sausages
     In Blackmore-street, Clare-market."

Misfortunes are said never to come singly, and so it proved to the Catnach
family, for while Jemmy was _doing_ his six months in the House of
Correction at Clerkenwell, we find in the pages of the _Weekly Dispatch_
for January 3, 1819, and under POLICE INTELLIGENCE, as follows:--

    CIRCULATING FALSE NEWS.--At Bow-street, on Wednesday, Thomas Love and
    Thomas Howlett, were brought to the office by one of the patrole,
    charged with making a disturbance in Chelsea, in the morning, by
    blowing of horns, with a tremendous noise, and each of them after
    blowing his horn, was heard to announce with all the vociferation the
    strength of his lungs would admit of:--"The full, true, and particular
    account of the most cruel and barbarous murder of Mr. Ellis, of
    Sloane-street, which took place, last night, in the Five Fields,
    Chelsea." The patrole, knowing that no such horrid event had taken
    place, had them taken up. The papers in their possession, which they
    had been selling at a halfpenny each, were seized and brought to the
    office with the prisoners. But what is most extraordinary, the
    contents of the papers had no reference whatever to Mr. Ellis! They
    were headed in large letters, "A HORRID MURDER," and the murder was
    stated to have been committed at South-green, near Dartford, on the
    bodies of Thomas Lane, his wife, three children, and his mother. The
    murderer's conduct was stated very particularly, although, in fact, no
    such event occurred. The magistrate severely censured the conduct of
    the whole parties. He ordered the prisoners to be detained, and
    considered them to be very proper subjects to be made an example of.
    On Thursday these parties were again brought before the magistrate,
    together with Mrs. Catnach [the mother] the printer of the bills,
    which gave a fictitious statement of the horrid murder said to be
    committed at Dartford. She was severely reprimanded. The two
    hornblowers were also reprimanded and then discharged.

The busy year of 1820 was a very important one to Catnach, in fact the
turning point in his life. The Duke of Kent, fourth son of George III.,
and father to Queen Victoria, died on the 23rd of January--the event was
of sufficient consequence to produce several "Full Particulars," for
street sale. Just six days after his death, viz., on the 29th of January,
1820, George III. died, and that event set the "Catnach Press" going night
and day to supply the street papers, containing "Latest particulars," &c.

  "Mourn, Britons mourn! Your sons deplore,
   Our Royal Sovereign is now no more,"

was the commencement of a ballad written, printed, and published by J.
Catnach, 2, Monmouth-court, 7 Dials. Battledores, Lotteries, and Primers
sold cheap. Sold by Marshall, Bristol, and Hook, Brighton.

The royal body was committed to the family vault in St. George's Chapel at
Windsor, on the 16th of February, amidst a concourse of the great and the
noble of the land. The usual ceremony of proclamation and salutation
announced the accession of George IV. and another important era commenced.

Immediately following these events came the Cato-street conspiracy. On the
24th of February the newspapers contained the startling intelligence
that, on the previous evening, a party of eleven men, headed by Arthur
Thistlewood, who was already known as a political agitator, had been
apprehended at a stable in Cato-street, an obscure place in the locality
of Grosvenor-square, on the charge of being the parties to a conspiracy to
assassinate the greater part of the King's Ministers. The truth of the
intelligence was soon confirmed by the proceedings which took place before
the magisterial authorities; and in due course all the parties were put on
their trial at the Old Bailey, on a charge of high treason, Arthur
Thistlewood, the leader, being the first tried on the 17th of April; the
Lord Chief Justice Abbott presiding. The names of the other prisoners
were--William Davidson, a man of colour; James Ings, John Thomas Brunt,
Richard Tidd, James William Wilson, John Harrison, Richard Bradburn, James
Shaw Strange, and Charles Cooper, of whom the first four, together with
Thistlewood, were executed as traitors on May 1st.

The Cato-street conspiracy proved a rich harvest to all concerned in the
production of street literature. Catnach came in for a fair share of the
work, and he found himself with plenty of cash in hand, and in good time
to increase his trade-plant to meet the great demand for the street-papers
that were in a few months to be published daily, and in reference to the
ever-memorable trial of Queen Caroline; then it was that his business so
enormously increased as at times to require three or four presses going
night and day to keep pace with the great demand for papers, which
contained a very much abridged account of the previous day's evidence, and
taken without the least acknowledgment from an early procured copy of one
of the daily newspapers.

Great as was the demand, the printers of street literature were equal to
the occasion, and all were actively engaged in getting out "papers,"
squibs, lists of various trade deputations to the Queen's levees, lampoons
and songs, that were almost hourly published, on the subject of the
Queen's trial. The following is a selection from one which emanated from
the "Catnach Press," and was supplied to us by John Morgan, the Seven
Dials bard, and who added that he had the good luck--the times being
prosperous--to screw out half-a-crown from Old Jemmy for the writing of
it. "Ah! sir," he continued, "it was always a hard matter to get much out
of Jemmy Catnach, I can tell you, sir. He was, at most times, a
hard-fisted one, and no mistake about it. Yet, sir, somehow or another, he
warn't such a bad sort, just where he took. A little bit rough and ready,
like, you know, sir. But yet still a 'nipper.' That's just about the size
of Jemmy Catnach, sir. I wish I could recollect more of the song, but
you've got the marrow of it, sir:--

  'And when the Queen arrived in town,
     The people called her good, sirs;
   She had a Brougham by her side,
     A Denman, and a Wood, sirs.

  'The people all protected her,
     They ran from far and near, sirs,
   Till they reached the house of Squire Byng,
     Which was in St. James's-square, sirs.

  'And there my blooming Caroline,
     About her made a fuss, man,
   And told how she had been deceived
     By a cruel, barbarous, husband.'"

Street papers continued to be printed and sold in connection with Queen
Caroline's trial up to the date of her death, in the month of August,
1821.


[Illustration]

A COPY OF VERSES IN PRAISE OF QUEEN CAROLINE.

  "Ye Britons all, both great and small,
     Come listen to my ditty,
   Your noble Queen, fair Caroline,
     Does well deserve your pity.

   Like harmless lamb that sucks its dam,
     Amongst the flowery thyme,
   Or turtle dove that's given to love:
     And that's her only crime.

   Wedlock I ween, to her has been
     A life of grief and woe;
   Thirteen years past she's had no rest,
     As Britons surely know.

   To blast her fame, men without shame,
     Have done all they could do;
   'Gainst her to swear they did prepare
     A motley, perjured crew.

   Europe they seek for Turk or Greek,
     To swear her life away,
   But she will triumph yet o'er all,
     And innocence display.

   Ye powers above, who virtue love,
     Protect her from despair,
   And soon her free from calumny,
     Is every true man's prayer."

J. Catnach, Printer, 2, Monmouth Court, 7 Dials.

[Illustration]


Immediately following the Queen's death, there were published a whole host
of monodies, elegies, and ballads in her praise. Catnach made a great hit
with one entitled--"Oh! Britons Remember your Queen's Happy Days,"
together with a large broadside, entitled "An Attempt to Exhibit the
Leading Events in the Queen's Life, in Cuts and Verse. Adorned with Twelve
splendid Illustrations. Interspersed with Verses of Descriptive Poetry.
Entered at Stationers' Hall. By Jas. Catnach, Printer, 7 Dials. Price 2d."
A copy is preserved in the British Museum. Press Mark. _Tab._ 597, _a_,
1-67, and arranged under CATNACH, from which we select two pieces as a
fair sample of Jemmy's "poetry-making!"--Which please to read carefully,
and "Mind Your Stops!" quoth John Berkshire.


AN ELEGY ON THE DEATH OF THE QUEEN.

  Curs'd be the hour when on the British shore,
  She set her foot--whose loss we now deplore;
  For, from that hour she pass'd a life of woe,
  And underwent what few could undergo:
  And lest she should a tranquil hour know,
  Against her peace was struck a deadly blow;
  A separation hardly to be borne,--
  Her only daughter from her arms was torn!
  And next discarded--driven from her home,
  An unprotected Wanderer to roam!
  Oh, how each heart with indignation fills,
  When memory glances o'er the train of ills,
  Which through her travels followed everywhere
  In quick succession till this fatal year!
  Here let us stop--for mem'ry serves too well,
  To bear the woes which Caroline befel,
  Each art was tried--at last to crush her down,
  The Queen of England was refus'd a crown!
  Too much to bear--Thus robb'd of all her state
  She fell a victim to their hate!
  "They have destroy'd me,"--with her parting breath,
  She died--and calmly yielded unto death.
  Forgiving all, she parted with this life,
  A Queen, and no Queen--wife, and not a wife!
  To Heaven her soul is borne on Seraph's wings,
  To wait the Judgment of the KING of Kings;
  Trusting to find a better world than this,
  And meet her Daughter in the realms of bliss.


CAROLINE THE INJURED QUEEN OF ENGLAND.

  Beneath this cold marble the "Wanderer" lies,
    Here shall she rest 'till "the Heavens be no more,"
  'Till the trumpet shall sound, and the Dead shall arise,
    Then the perjurer unmask'd will his sentence deplore.
  Ah! what will avail then? Pomp, Titles, and Birth,
    Those empty distinctions all levell'd will be,
  For the King shall be judg'd with the poor of the earth,
    And perhaps, the poor man will be greater than he.
  Until that day we leave Caroline's wrongs,
    Meantime, may "Repentance" her foes overtake;
  O grant it, kind POWER, to whom alone it belongs.
    AMEN. Here an end of this Hist'ry we make.

          _Quod._ JAS. C-T-N-H, Dec. 10th, 1821.


[Illustration]

In the early part of the year 1821, the British public were informed
through the then existing usual advertising mediums that there was about
to be published, in monthly parts, "Pierce Egan's Life in London; or, the
Day and Night Scenes of Jerry Hawthorn, Esq., and his elegant friend
Corinthian Tom, accompanied by Bob Logic, the Oxonian, in their Rambles
and Sprees through the Metropolis. Embellished with Scenes from Real Life,
designed and etched by I. R. and G. Cruikshank, and enriched with numerous
original designs on wood by the same Artists."

And on the 15th of July, the first number, price one shilling, was
published by Messrs. Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, of Paternoster Row. This
sample, or first instalment, of the entire work was quite enough for
society to judge by. It took both town and country by storm. It was found
to be the exact thing in literature that the readers of those days wanted.
Edition after edition was called for--and supplied, as fast as the
illustrations could be got away from the small army of women and children
who were colouring them. With the appearance of numbers two and three, the
demand increased, and a revolution in our literature, in our drama, and
even in our nomenclature began to develope itself. All the announcements
from Paternoster Row were of books, great and small, depicting life in
London; dramatists at once turned their attention to the same subject, and
tailors, bootmakers, and hatters, recommended nothing but Corinthian
shapes, and Tom and Jerry patterns.[7]

[Illustration]

TOM AND JERRY.

  "Of Life in London, Tom, Jerry and Logic I sing."
   To the Strand then I toddled--the mob was great--
   My watch I found gone--pockets undone:
   I fretted at first, and rail'd against fate,
   For I paid well to see "LIFE IN LONDON."

As may be readily conceived; the stage soon claimed "Tom and Jerry." The
first drama founded upon the work was from the pen of Mr. Barrymore, and
produced--"in hot haste," at the Royal Amphitheatre, on Monday, Sept. 17,
1821. The second dramatic version was written for the Olympic Theatre, by
Charles Dibden, and first played on Monday, Nov. 12, 1821.

Mr. Moncrieff appeared as the third on the list of dramatists, and it was
announced at the Adelphi Theatre in the following style:--"On Monday, Nov.
26th, 1821, will be presented for the first time, on a scale of
unprecedented extent (having been many weeks in preparation under the
superintendence of several of the most celebrated Artists, both in the
_Ups and Downs_ of Life, who have all kindly come forward to assist the
Proprietors in their endeavours to render the Piece a complete
out-and-outer), an entirely new Classic, Comic, Operatic, Didactic,
Aristophanic, Localic, Analytic, Panoramic, Camera-Obscura-ic
Extravaganza-Burletta of Fun, Frolic, Fashion and Flash, in three acts,
called 'TOM and JERRY; or LIFE in LONDON.' Replete with Prime Chaunts, Rum
Glees, and Kiddy Catches, founded on Pierce Egan's well-known and highly
popular work of the same name, by a celebrated extravagant erratic Author.
The music selected and modified by him from the most eminent composers,
ancient and modern, and every Air furnished with an attendant train of
Graces. The costumes and scenery superintended by Mr. I. R. Cruikshank,
from the Drawings by himself and his brother, Mr. George Cruikshank, the
celebrated Artists of the original Work.

"Corinthian Tom, Mr. Wrench; Jerry Hawthorn, Mr. John Reeve; Logic, Mr.
Wilkinson; Jemmy Green, Mr. Keeley; Dusty Bob, Mr. Walbourn; African Sal,
Mr. Sanders; Billy Waters, Mr. Paulo; Kate, Mrs. Baker; Sue, Mrs. Waylett,
&c., &c.

[Illustration: BLACK SAL AND DUSTY BOB.]

Besides the authors already mentioned, Tom Dibden, Farrell, and Douglas
Jerrold, each produced dramas upon the popular theme, and during the
seasons of 1821-2, "Life in London" was performed with _eclat_, at ten
theatres in and around the metropolis, to overflowing houses. But Pierce
Egan at length became tired of the successes of the playwrights in using
his book, and resolved to try his own hand at a dramatic version--or, as
he termed it, to "take a leaf out of his own book,"--and the AUTHOR'S
PIECE was "got up" and performed for the first time at Sadler's Wells,
under the management of Mr. Egerton, on Monday, April 8, 1822, with most
decided success.

It was thus announced by Mrs. Egerton, in the address written for the
occasion by T. Greenwood, Esq.:--

  "To-night my friends, this modern taste to meet,
   We show you JERRY at his country seat:
   Then up to town transport the rustic beau,
   And show him 'Life in London,' HIGH and LOW."

At length TOM and JERRY had been repeated so often in the Metropolis, that
the performers, notwithstanding the great applause they nightly received
in the above piece, absolutely became tired and worn-out with the
repetition of their characters, when the following piece of satire,
written by T. Greenwood, Esq., was published, entitled, "The Tears of
Pierce Egan, Esq., for the Death of 'Life in London;' or, the Funeral of
Tom and Jerry, dedicated to Robert and George Cruikshank, Esqs. Price Two
Shillings, with an engraving by George Cruikshank."

  "Beat out of the Pit and thrown over the Ropes,
     TOM and JERRY resign'd their last breath,
   With them, too, expired the Managers' hopes,
     Who are left to deplore their sad death!

  "Odd and various reports of the cause are about,
     But the real one was _this_, I opine:
   They were run to a _standstill_, and, therefore, no doubt,
     That the cause was a rapid _decline_.

  "When Death showed his _Nob_, out of _Time_ they were beat,
     And neither would come to the _scratch_;
   They hung down their heads and gave up the last heat,
     Not prepared with the Spectre to _match_.

  "All wept at the FUNERAL! the FANCY and all--
     Some new, but a great many mended:
   And EGAN, while CRUIKSHANK and _Bob_ held the pall,
     As _Chief-Mourner_ in person attended!!!

  "Their _Sprees_ and their _Rambles_ no more shall amuse,
     Farewell to all nocturnal parleys:
   The Town felt regret as the bell tolled the news,
     And no one rejoiced--but the _Charleys_!

  "A monument, too, their kind Patrons will raise,
     Inscribed on--'Here lies TOM and JERRY,
   Who, departing the _stage_ to their immortal praise,
     ONE THOUSAND NIGHTS made the _Town Merry_!!!'

  "May their souls rest in peace, since they've chosen to flit,
     Like other great heroes departed;
   May no mischief arise from the _sudden_ exit,
     Nor PIERCE EGAN die--_broken-hearted_!"

In reference to the above, Pierce Egan states in "The Finish to the
Adventures of Tom, Jerry, and Logic," that Catnach, in less than twelve
hours after the publication, produced a pirated edition for street sale,
for twopence.

Mr. Pierce Egan, in his "_Finish_," states that he reckoned no less than
sixty-five separate publications, which he enumerates _in extenso_, all
derived from his own work, and adds, with his usual amount of large and
small CAPITALS and _italics_--"We have been _pirated_, COPIED,
_traduced_; but unfortunately, not ENRICHED by our indefatigable
exertions; therefore NOTORIETY must satisfy us, instead of the smiles of
FORTUNE."

Jemmy Catnach, true to his line of life, soon joined what Pierce Egan
designates as the "Mob of Literary Pirates," and brought out a "whole
sheet" for street-sale, entitled "Life in London," with twelve woodcuts,
which are reduced and very roughly executed copies of the centre figures
of the original plates by the Brothers Cruikshank--but all in reverse. The
letter-press matter consists of a poetical epitome of the plot and design
of the original work of "Life in London." And taking it as it stands, and
from whence it emanated, rather a creditable performance, particularly
when we take into consideration--as duly announced by the street-patterer,
that it was "Just printed and pub--lish--ed, all for the low charge of
twopence."

On the rarity of this Catnachian and pirated edition of "Life in London"
it is superfluous to enlarge, and it is easy to account for this
circumstance, if we reflect that the broadside form of publication is by
no means calculated for preservation; hundreds of similar pieces printed
for street-sale must have perished. The more generally acceptable a
broadside or street ballad became, and was handed about for perusal, the
more it was exposed to the danger of destruction. No copy of Catnach's
version is preserved in the British Museum, therefore, and for the reason
above stated, it must be considered as a great "Literary Rarity."[8]


CUT I.--JERRY IN TRAINING FOR A SWELL.

[Illustration]

  Now Jerry must needs be a swell,
    His coat must have a swallow-tail,
  And Mr. Snip, so handy, O,
    Soon rigg'd him out a Dandy, O.


CUT II.--TOM AND JERRY AMONG THE LADIES.

[Illustration]

  Ladies, your most humble servants,
    Tom and Jerry stand before you.
  Our blood is thrilling, you're so killing;
    At once we love you and adore you.


CUT III.--JERRY LOSES AT PLAY.

[Illustration]

  At St. James's they dine, when, flushed with new wine,
    To the Gaming Tables they reel,
  Where blacklegs and sharps, often gammon the flats,
    As their pockets do presently feel.


CUT IV.--JERRY LEARNING TO SPAR.

[Illustration]

  Now Jerry's become a Fancy blade,
    To Jackson's he often goes,
  And to shew his skill in the milling trade,
    He crack'd poor Logick's nose.


CUT V.--TOM AND JERRY AT A FORTUNE-TELLER'S.

[Illustration]

  Here lives a Fortune-Telling Gipsy,
    Wrinkled, crabbed, grim and old;
  And Tom and Jerry's fancy ladies
    Are gone to get their Fortunes told.


CUT VI.--BEGGAR'S OPERA. TOM, JERRY, AND LOGICK AMONG THE CADGERS IN THE
HOLY LAND.

[Illustration]

  Now to keep up the spree, Tom, Jerry and Logick,
    Went disguis'd to the Slums in the Holy Land;
  Through each crib and each court, they hunted for sport,
    Till they came to the BEGGAR'S OPERA so named.


CUT VII.--NIGHT SCENE.--TOM AND JERRY UPSETTING THE CHARLEYS.

[Illustration]

  Hark! the watchman springs his rattle,
    Now the midnight lark's begun;
  Boxes crashing, lanthorns smashing,
    Mill the Charleys--oh! what fun.


CUT VIII.--BROUGHT BEFORE THE MAGISTRATES.

[Illustration]

  An' please your Worship here's three fellows
    Been hammering of us all about;
  Broke our boxes, lanthorns, smellers,
    And almost clos'd our peepers up.


CUT IX.--TOM, JERRY, AND LOGICK IN A ROW.

[Illustration]

  Mercy! what a din and clatter
    Breaks the stillness of the night,
  Lamps do rattle--'tis a battle,
    Quick, and let us see the sight.


CUT X.--SCENE IN A GIN-SHOP.

[Illustration]

  Here some are tumbling and jumping in,
    And some are staggering out;
  One's pawn'd her smock for a quartern of gin,
    Another, her husband's coat.


CUT XI.--POOR LOGICK IN THE FLEET.

[Illustration]

  All in the Fleet poor Logick's moor'd
    His swaggering's now at an end!


CUT XII.--JERRY GOING BACK TO THE COUNTRY.

[Illustration]

  Three merry boys were Logick, Tom and Jerry,
    And many funny larks they have seen;
  Farewell, gay London, the country calls me home again,
    The coach moves on--the play is done--Goodbye, Goodbye.

                  _Quod._ JAS. C-N-H, March 23, 1822.

How delightful Pierce Egan's book was to the youths of England, and how
eagerly all its promised feasts of pleasure were devoured by them,
Thackeray has told us in his "Roundabout Papers--DE JUVENTUTE" in the
"Cornhill Magazine" for October, 1860.

       *       *       *       *       *

Mr., afterwards Sir William Cubitt, of Ipswich, erected a treadmill at
Brixton Gaol, and soon afterwards in other large prisons. A street ballad
on the subject was issued from the "Catnach Press" and had a most
unprecedented sale, keeping the pressmen and boys working for weeks--

  "And we're all treading at fam'd Brixton Mill."

The treadmill--that "terror to evil doers"--excited much attention, and
the inventor's name gave rise to many jokes on the subject among such of
the prisoners as could laugh at their own crimes, who said they were
punished by the _cubit_!.

THE TREADMILL.

  This Brixton Mill's a fearful ill,
    And he who brought the Bill in,
  Is threat'n'd by the _cribbing_ coves,
    That he shall have a _milling_.
  They say he shew'd a simple pate,
    To think of felons mending;
  As every _step_ which here they take
    They're still in crime _ascending_.

  Tom, Jerry, Logic, three prime sprigs,
    Find here they cannot _come_ it,
  For though their _fancy_ soars aloft,
    They ne'er will reach the _summit_.
  Corinthian Kate and buxom Sue
    Must change their _warm_ direction,
  For if they make one _false step_ more
    They'll have _Cold Bath Correction_.


[Illustration: "The gallows does well: But how does it well? it does well
to those that do ill."--_Hamlet_, Act v., sc. i.]

There can be little doubt that Jemmy Catnach, the great publisher of the
Seven Dials, had his mind mostly centred upon the chronicling of doubtful
scandals, fabulous duels between ladies of fashion, "cooked"
assassinations, and sudden deaths of eminent individuals, apochryphal
elopements, real or catch-penny account of murders, impossible robberies,
delusive suicides, dark deeds, and--though last, not least, in _his_
love--public executions, _vulgo_ "Hanging Matches," to which was usually
attached the all-important and necessary "Sorrowful Lamentations," or
"Copy of Affectionate Verses," which according to the established custom,
the criminal composed in the condemned cell the night before his
execution, after this manner:--

[Illustration]

THE FLYING STATIONER, OTHERWISE PATTERER.

  "All you that have got feeling, I pray you now attend
   To these few lines so sad and true, a solemn silence lend;
   It is of a cruel murder, to you I will unfold----
   The bare recital of the tale must make your blood run cold."

  "Mercy on earth I'll not implore, to crave it would be vain,
   My hands are dyed with human gore, none can wash off the stain,
   But the merits of a Saviour, whose mercy alone I crave;
   Good Christians pray, as thus I die, I may His pardon have."


    A mournful and affecting
    COPY OF VERSES
    on the death of
    ANN WILLIAMS,
    Who was barbarously and cruelly murdered by her sweetheart,
    W. JONES, near Wirksworth, in Derbyshire, July, 1823.

    William Jones, a young man aged 20, has been fully committed to Derby
    gaol for the murder of his sweetheart, under circumstances of unheard
    of barbarity. The poor victim was a servant girl, whom under pretence
    of marriage he seduced. On her proving with child the villain formed
    the horrid design of murdering her, and carried his diabolical plan
    into execution on Monday evening last. The following verses are
    written upon the occasion, giving a complete detail of this shocking
    affair:--

        Come all false hearted young men
          And listen to my song,
        'Tis of a cruel murder,
          That lately has been done
        On the body of a maiden fair
          The truth I will unfold,
        The bare relation of this deed
          Will make your blood run cold.
        Near Wirksworth town in Derbyshire,
          Ann Williams she did dwell,
        In service she long time had lived,
          Till this to her befel.
        Her cheeks were like the blushing rose
          All in the month of May,
        Which made this wicked young man
          Thus unto her did say:
        Nancy, my charming creature,
          You have my heart ensnared,
        My love is such I am resolved
          To wed you I declare.
        Thus by his false deluding tongue
          Poor Nancy was beguil'd,
        And soon to her misfortune,
          By him she proved with child.
        Some days ago this damsel fair
          Did write to him with speed,
        Such tenderness she did express
          Would make a heart to bleed.
        She said, my dearest William,
          I am with child by thee;
        Therefore, my dear, pray let me know
          When you will marry me.
        The following day at evening,
          This young man did repair,
        Unto the town of Wirksworth,
          To meet his Nancy there.
        Saying, Nancy dear, come let us walk,
          Among the flowery fields,
        And then the secrets of my heart
          To you I will reveal.
        O then this wicked young man
          A knife he did provide,
        And all unknown to his true love
          Concealed it by his side.
        When to the fatal spot they came,
          These words to her did say:
        All on this very night I will
          Your precious life betray.
        On bended knees she then did fall,
          In sorrow and despair,
        Aloud for mercy she did call,
          Her cries did rend the air;
        With clasped hands and uplift eyes
          She cried, Oh spare my life,
        I never more will ask you
          To make me your wedded wife.
        O then this wicked young man said,
          No mercy will I show;
        He took the knife all from his side,
          And pierced her body through.
        But still she smiling said to him
          While trembling with fear,
        Aae! William, William, spare my life,
          Think on your baby dear.
        Twice more then with the bloody knife
          He ran her body through,
        Her throat was cut from ear to ear,
          Most dreadful for to view;
        Her hands and arms and beauteous face
          He cut and mangled sore,
        While down upon her milk white breast
          The crimson blood did pour.
        He took the shawl from off her neck,
          And round her body tied,
        With pebble stones he did it fill,
          Thinking the crime to hide.
        O then into the silver stream
          He plunged her straightway,
        But with her precious blood was stained
          Which soon did him betray.
        O then this young man taken was,
          And into prison sent,
        In ratling chains he is confin'd
          His crime for to lament,
        Until the Assizes do come on
          When trembling he must stand,
        Reflecting on the deed he's done;
          Waiting the dread command.
        Now all you thoughtless young men
          A timely warning take;
        Likewise ye fair young maidens,
          For this poor damsel's sake.
        And Oh beware of flattering tongues,
          For they'll your ruin prove;
        So may you crown your future day,
          In comfort, joy, and love.

Or take another and stereotyped example, which from time to time has
served equally well for the verses _written by_ the culprit--Brown, Jones,
Robinson, or Smith:

  "Those deeds I mournfully repent,
     But now it is too late,
   The day is past, the die is cast,
     And fixed is my fate.

   I see the hangman before me stand,
     Ready to seize me by the law's command;
   When my life is ended on the fatal tree,
     Then will be clear'd up all mystery."

Occasionally the Last Sorrowful Lamentation contained a "Love Letter"--the
criminal being unable, in some instances, to read or write, being no
obstacle to the composition--written according to the street patterer's
statement: "from the depths of the condemned cell, with the condemned pen,
ink, and paper." This mode of procedure in "gallows" literature, and this
style of composition having prevailed for from sixty to seventy years.

Then they would say: "Here you have also an exact likeness of the
murderer, taken at the bar of the Old Bailey by an eminent artist!" when
all the time it was an old woodcut that had been used for every criminal
for many years. The _block!_ opposite, to our own knowledge, served as the
_counterfeit_ presentment of all popular murderers for upwards of forty
years.


[Illustration: LIKENESS OF THE MURDERER.]

"There's nothing beats a stunning good murder after all," said a "running
patterer" to Mr. Henry Mayhew, the author of "London Labour and London
Poor." It is only fair to assume that Mr. James Catnach shared in the
sentiment, for it is said that he made over L500 by the publication of:--

    "The Full, True and Particular Account of the Murder of Mr. Weare by
    John Thurtell and his Companions, which took place on the 24th of
    October, 1823, in Gill's Hill-lane, near Elstree, in
    Hertfordshire:--Only One Penny."

There were eight formes set up, for old Jemmy had no notion of
stereotyping in those days, and pressmen had to re-cover their own
tympans with sheep-skins. But by working day and night for a week they
managed to get off about 250,000 copies with the four presses, each
working two formes at a time.

[Illustration: THURTELL MURDERING MR. WEARE.]

As the trial progressed, and the case became more fully developed, the
public mind became almost insatiable. Every night and morning large
bundles were despatched to the principal towns in the three kingdoms.

One of the many street-ballads on the subject informed the British public
that:--

  "Thurtell, Hunt, and Probert, too, for trial must now prepare,
   For that horrid murder of Mr. William Weare."

The circumstances immediately attending the murder are so fully and so
well detailed in the proper channels that we need not here say more than
that the trial took place at Hertford on the 5th January, 1824.

The prisoners who stood indicted were John Thurtell and Joseph Hunt. The
latter was at the time well known as a public singer and was somewhat
celebrated for the talent which he possessed. Both prisoners were found
guilty, but Hunt was reprieved and subsequently ordered to be transported
for life. Thurtell, who fully confessed to the crime, was executed in
front of Hertford gaol on Friday, the 9th of January, 1824.

As before observed, Catnach cleared over L500 by this event, and was so
loth to leave it, that when a wag put him up to a joke, and showed him how
he might set the thing a-going again, he could not withstand it; and so,
about a fortnight after Thurtell had been hanged, Jemmy brought out a
startling broad-sheet, headed, "WE ARE ALIVE AGAIN!" He put so little
space between the words "WE" and "ARE" that it looked at first sight like
"WEARE." Many thousands were bought by the ignorant and gullible public,
but those who did not like the trick called it a "catch penny," and this
gave rise to this peculiar term, which ever afterwards stuck to the issues
of the "Seven Dials' Press," though they sold as well as ever.

Probert, who had been mixed up in the affair, was admitted as King's
evidence and discharged at the rising of the Court. He subsequently met
the fate he so richly deserved, for, having been found guilty at the Old
Bailey of horse stealing, he was executed there on the 20th of June, 1825.

[Illustration]


    THE CONFESSION AND EXECUTION OF JOHN THURTELL
    At HERTFORD GAOL, On Friday, the 9th of January, 1824.

    THE EXECUTION.

    _Hertford, half-past twelve o'clock._

    This morning, at ten minutes before twelve, a bustle among the
    javelin-men stationed within the boarded enclosure on which the drop
    was erected, announced to the multitude without that the preparations
    for the execution were nearly concluded. The javelin-men proceeded to
    arrange themselves in the order usually observed upon these melancholy
    but necessary occurrences. They had scarcely finished their
    arrangements, when the opening of the gate of the prison gave an
    additional impulse to public anxiety

    When the clock was on the stroke of twelve, Mr Nicholson, the
    Under-Sheriff, and the executioner ascended the platform, followed on
    to it by Thurtell, who mounted the stairs with a slow but steady step.
    The principal turnkey of the gaol came next, and was followed by Mr
    Wilson and two officers. On the approach of the prisoner being
    intimated by those persons who, being in an elevated situation,
    obtained the first view of him, all the immense multitude present took
    off their hats.

    Thurtell immediately placed himself under the fatal beam, and at that
    moment the chimes of a neighbouring clock began to strike twelve. The
    executioner then came forward with the rope, which he threw across it.
    Thurtell first lifted his eyes up to the drop, gazed at it for a few
    moments, and then took a calm but hurried survey of the multitude
    around him. He next fixed his eyes on a young gentleman in the crowd,
    whom he had frequently seen as a spectator at the commencement of the
    proceedings against him. Seeing that the individual was affected by
    the circumstance, he removed them to another quarter, and in so doing
    recognised an individual well known in the sporting circles, to whom
    he made a slight bow.

    The prisoner was attired in a dark brown great coat, with a black
    velvet collar, white corduroy breeches, drab gaiters and shoes. His
    hands were confined with handcuffs, instead of being tied with cord,
    as is usually the case on such occasions, and, at his own request, his
    arms were not pinioned. He wore a pair of black kid gloves, and the
    wrists of his shirt were visible below the cuffs of his coat. As on
    the last day of his trial, he wore a white cravat. The irons, which
    were very heavy, and consisted of a succession of chain links, were
    still on his legs, and were held up in the middle by a Belcher
    handkerchief tied round his waist.

    The executioner commenced his mournful duties by taking from the
    unhappy prisoner his cravat and collar. To obviate all difficulty in
    this stage of the proceedings, Thurtell flung back his head and neck,
    and so gave the executioner an opportunity of immediately divesting
    him of that part of his dress. After tying the rope round Thurtell's
    neck, the executioner drew a white cotton cap over his countenance,
    which did not, however, conceal the contour of his face, or deprive
    him entirely of the view of surrounding objects.

    At that moment the clock sounded the last stroke of twelve. During the
    whole of this appalling ceremony, there was not the slightest symptom
    of emotion discernible in his features; his demeanour was perfectly
    calm and tranquil, and he behaved like a man acquainted with the
    dreadful ordeal he was about to pass, but not unprepared to meet it.
    Though his fortitude was thus conspicuous, it was evident from his
    appearance that in the interval between his conviction and his
    execution he must have suffered much. He looked careworn; his
    countenance had assumed a cadaverous hue, and there was a haggardness
    and lankness about his cheeks and mouth, which could not fail to
    attract the notice of every spectator.

    The executioner next proceeded to adjust the noose by which Thurtell
    was to be attached to the scaffold. After he had fastened it in such a
    manner as to satisfy his own mind, Thurtell looked up at it, and
    examined it with great attention. He then desired the executioner to
    let him have fall enough. The rope at this moment seemed as if it
    would only give a fall of two or three feet The executioner assured
    him that the fall was quite sufficient. The principal turnkey then
    went up to Thurtell, shook hands with him, and turned away in tears.
    Mr Wilson, the governor of the gaol, next approached him. Thurtell
    laid to him, "Do you think, Mr Wilson, I have got enough fall?" Mr
    Wilson replied, "I think you have, Sir. Yes, quite enough." Mr Wilson
    then took hold of his hand, shook it, and said, "Good bye, Mr
    Thurtell, may God Almighty bless you." Thurtell instantly replied,
    "God bless _you_, Mr Wilson, God bless _you_." Mr Wilson next asked
    him whether he considered that the laws of his country had been dealt
    to him justly and fairly, upon which he said, "I admit that justice
    has been done me--I am perfectly satisfied."

    A few seconds then elapsed, during which every person seemed to be
    engaged in examining narrowly Thurtell's deportment His features, as
    well as they could be discerned, appeared to remain unmoved, and his
    hands, which were extremely prominent, continued perfectly steady, and
    were not affected by the slightest tremulous motion.

    Exactly at two minutes past twelve the Under-Sheriff, with his wand,
    gave the dreadful signal--the drop suddenly and silently fell--and

        JOHN THURTELL WAS LAUNCHED INTO ETERNITY.

On the 10th of September, 1824, Henry Fauntleroy, of the firm of Marsh,
Stracey, Fauntleroy, and Graham, bankers, in Berners-street, was
apprehended in consequence of its being discovered that in September,
1820, L10,000 3 per cent stock, standing in the names of himself, J. D.
Hume, and John Goodchild, as trustees of Francis William Bellis, had been
sold out under a power of attorney, to which the names of his co-trustees
and some of the subscribing witnesses were forged. It was soon ascertained
that the extent to which this practice had been carried was enormous, no
less than L170,000 stock having been sold out in 1814 and 1815 by the same
fraudulent means.

Every exertion was used by Mr. Fauntleroy's counsel, his case being twice
argued before the Judges, but both decisions were against him; and on the
30th of November, 1824, his execution took place. The number of persons
assembled was estimated at nearly 100,000.

The station in society of this unfortunate man, and the long-established
respectability of the banking-house, in which he was the most active
partner, with the vast extent of the forgeries committed, gave to his case
an intensity of interest which has scarcely ever been equalled, and during
the whole time it was pending afforded plenty of work for the printers and
vendors of street literature. Catnach's advanced position, which was now
far beyond all his compeers, caused him to get the lion's share. Every
incident in the man's character, history, and actions was taken advantage
of. The sheets, almost wet from the press, were read by high and low; by
those who lived and revelled in marble halls and gilded saloons, as well
as by those who thronged our large towns and centres of industry.

The parliamentary election of 1826, for the county of Northumberland, the
principal seat of which was at Alnwick, gave early promise of being
severely contested. There were four candidates in the field, namely, Henry
Thomas Liddell, afterwards first Earl of Ravensworth, of Ravensworth
Castle, county Durham; Mr. Matthew Bell, of Woolsingham, Northumberland;
Mr. Thomas Wentworth Beaumont, and Lord Howick, afterwards Henry the third
Earl Grey, K.G. The nomination of the candidates took place on Tuesday,
June 20th, 1826, and the polling continued till July 6th, when the result
was as follows:--

  Liddell       1562
  Bell          1380
  Beaumont      1335
  Howick         997

This contest was the greatest political event in the history of the
county. It is estimated that it cost the candidates little short of
L250,000.

Now, as we have before observed, Mr. Mark Smith--who till the time of his
death, on the 18th of May, 1881, aged 87--carried on the business of
printer and bookseller at Alnwick--and James Catnach, were fellow
apprentices, both being bound to learn the art of printing to the elder
Catnach on the same day. This early-formed acquaintanceship continued
throughout the remaining portion of Catnach's life, and whenever Mr. Mark
Smith came to London in after years, he always visited Jemmy's house.

It was in consequence of the continued friendship existing between Mr.
Mark Smith and Jemmy Catnach that the latter had often expressed a desire
to serve his fellow-apprentice, should circumstances occur to render it
necessary. The Alnwick election of 1826 promised to be a good one as
regarded printing, and Mr. Smith anticipating a difficulty in getting
through his work, applied to Catnach to know if he could render him any
assistance. The result was that Jemmy at once proffered to go to Alnwick
and take with him a small hand-press. After his arrival he seldom went out
of the house, as all hands worked early and late, for, besides addresses,
squibs, &c., they had to get out the state of the poll every afternoon,
shortly after four o'clock. The number of addresses and squibs, in prose
and verse, during this memorable election was enormous. The whole, when
collected together, forms four good-sized volumes. The principal printers
in Alnwick at this time, and who were engaged by the candidates, were
Smith, Davison, and Graham. But there was a great deal of printing done at
Newcastle, Gateshead, North Shields, Morpeth, and other towns.

There can be but little doubt that all who were professionally engaged at
this election made a good thing out of it. The money spent upon printing
alone must have been very great. And nearly all the public-houses in
Alnwick were made "open houses," as well as most of those in the principal
towns throughout the county. Old people talk to this day, with a degree of
pride of "those good old times" that existed at the Parliamentary
elections previous to the passing of the Reform Bill of 1832. As far as
Catnach was concerned, he merely went to help to pay off a deep debt of
gratitude owing by him to the Smith family for many past favours to his
own family when they were in dire distress in _auld lang syne_. Besides,
Jemmy was now getting towards that state known as being "comfortably
well-to-do," and the trip was a change of air--a bit of a holiday, and a
visit to the town of his birth. And as he had buried his mother in London
during the early part of the year, he took the opportunity to erect in the
parish churchyard, that which at once stands as a cenotaph and a
tombstone, bearing the following inscription:--

   "JOHN, Son of JOHN CATNACH,
    Printer, died August 27th,
  1794, Aged 5 years & 7 months.
     JOHN CATNACH died in
    LONDON, 1813, Aged 44.
   MARY, his wife died Jany.
   24th, 1826, Aged 60 years,
    Also John, Margaret, and
   Jane Catnach, lie here."[9]

During Catnach's absence from London on the Alnwick election, his old
rivals--the Pitts family--were, as usual, concocting false reports, and
exhibiting lampoons, after the following manner:--

  "Poor Jemmy with the son of Old Nick,
     Down to Northumberland he's gone;
   To take up his freedom at Alnwick,
     The why or the wherefore's known to none.

  "Before he went, he washed in soap and sud,
     The Alnwick folks they found the fiddle;
   Then they dragged poor Jemmy through the mud,
     Two foot above his middle.

The above was in allusion to the old ceremony of being dragged through the
dirty pool to be made a Freeman of the town of Alnwick. But, as far as
Catnach was concerned, there is no truth whatever in the matter, it was
simply "a weak invention of the enemy." It was in the latter part of June
and the beginning of July in the same year, that Catnach was at Alnwick,
and the ceremony of making freemen always took place on St. Mark's Day,
April 25th, or at least two months earlier.

Thus the statement of the Pitts' party was--

                                "As false
  As air, as water, as wind, as sandy earth,
  As fox to lamb, as wolf to heifer's calf,
  Pard to the hind, or step-dame to her son."

Catnach, as the high priest of the literature of the streets, surrounded
by trade rivals, "stood like a man at a mark with a whole army shooting at
him," but he was as firm as a rock and with the strength of a giant, and,
as Hyperion to a Satyr, defied them all.

The destruction of the Royal Brunswick Theatre, Well-street,
Wellclose-square, East London, on the 29th of February, 1828, by the
falling in of the walls, in consequence of too much weight being attached
to the heavy cast-iron roof, made a rare nine-day's wonder for the workers
of street-papers. Fortunately the catastrophe happened in the day-time,
during the rehearsal of "Guy Mannering," and only fifteen persons
perished, viz:--

    Mr. D. S. Maurice, a master printer, of Fenchurch-street, one of the
    Proprietors,

        Mr. J. Evans                  _Bristol Observer_
        Miss Mary A. Feron            _Actress_,
        Miss Freeman                  _Corps de ballet_,
        Mr. E. Gilbert                _Comedian_,
        Mr. J. Blamire                _Property Man_,
        Mr. G. Penfold                _Doorkeeper_,
        Miss Jane Wall                _Visitor_,
        Mr. J. Purdy                  _Blacksmith_,
        Messrs. J. Miles, W. Leader,
          A. W. Davidson, M. Miles,
          and J. Abbott               _Carpenters_,
        J. Levy, _A Clothesman_ (accidentally passing).

"Oh yes, sir! I remember well the falling of the Brunswick Theatre, out
Whitechapel way. It was a rare good thing for all the running and standing
patterers in and about ten miles of London. Every day we all killed more
and more people--in our "Latest Particulars." One day there was twenty
persons killed, the next day thirty or forty, until it got at last to be
worked up to about a hundred, and all killed. Then we killed all sorts of
people, Duke of Wellington, and all the Dukes and Duchesses, Bishops,
swell nobs and snobs we could think of at the moment."

[Illustration: ATROCIOUS MURDER OF A YOUNG WOMAN IN SUFFOLK.

  SINGULAR DISCOVERY OF THE BODY FROM A DREAM.

  THE RED BARN.

  THE SCENE OF THE MURDER, AND WHERE THE BODY OF MARIA
  MARTEN WAS FOUND CONCEALED.]

Four years after the Thurtell and Weare affair, namely, in the month of
April, 1828, another "sensational" murder was discovered--that of Maria
Marten, by William Corder, in the Red Barn, at Polstead, in the county of
Suffolk. The circumstances that led to the discovery of this most
atrocious murder, were of an extraordinary and romantic nature, and
manifest an almost special interposition of Providence in marking out the
offender. As the mother of the girl had on three several nights dreamt
that her daughter was murdered and buried in Corder's Red Barn, and as
this proved to be the case, an additional "charm" was given to the
circumstance. The "Catnach Press" was again set working both day and
night, to meet the great demand for the "Full Particulars." In due course
came the gratifying announcement of the apprehension of the murderer! and
the sale continued unabatingly in both town and country, every "Flying
Stationer" making great profits by the sale.

[Illustration: LIKENESS OF WILLIAM CORDER.]

The trial of Corder took place at Bury St. Edmonds, on the 7th of August,
1828, before the Lord Chief Baron (Anderson). The prisoner pleaded "_Not
Guilty_," and the trial proceeded. On being called on for his defence,
Corder read a manuscript paper. He declared that he deeply deplored the
death of the unfortunate deceased, and he urged the jury to dismiss from
their minds all that prejudice which must necessarily have been excited
against him by the public press, &c. Having concluded his address, the
Lord Chief Baron summed up, and a verdict of "_Guilty_" was returned. The
Last Dying Speech and Confession had an enormous sale--estimated at
1,166,000, a _fac-simile_ copy of which with the "Lamentable Verses," said
to have been written by Old Jemmy Catnach will be found on the next page.

    CONFESSION AND EXECUTION OF WILLIAM CORDER, THE MURDERER OF MARIA
    MARTEN.

    Since the tragical affair between Thurtell and Weare, no event has
    occurred connected with the criminal annals of our country which has
    excited so much interest as the trial of Corder, who was justly
    convicted of the murder of Maria Marten on Friday last.


    THE CONFESSION.

    "Bury Gaol, August 10th, 1828.--Condemned cell.
    "Sunday evening, half-past Eleven.

    "I acknowledge being guilty of the death of poor Maria Marten, by
    shooting her with a pistol. The particulars are as follows:--When we
    left her father's house, we began quarrelling about the burial of the
    child: she apprehended the place wherein it was deposited would be
    found out. The quarrel continued about three quarters of an hour upon
    this sad and about other subjects. A scuffle ensued, and during the
    scuffle, and at the time I think that she had hold of me, I took the
    pistol from the side pocket of my velveteen jacket and fired. She
    fell, and died in an instant. I never saw her even struggle. I was
    overwhelmed with agitation and dismay:--the body fell near the front
    doors on the floor of the barn. A vast quantity of blood issued from
    the wound, and ran on to the floor and through the crevices. Having
    determined to bury the body in the barn (about two hours after she was
    dead). I went and borrowed a spade of Mrs Stow, but before I went
    there I dragged the body from the barn into the chaff-house, and
    locked the barn. I returned again to the barn, and began to dig a
    hole, but the spade being a bad one, and the earth firm and hard, I
    was obliged to go home for a pickaxe and a better spade, with which I
    dug the hole, and then buried the body. I think I dragged the body by
    the handkerchief that was tied round her neck. It was dark when I
    finished covering up the body. I went the next day, and washed the
    blood from off the barn-floor. I declare to Almighty God I had no
    sharp instrument about me, and no other wound but the one made by the
    pistol was inflicted by me. I have been guilty of great idleness, and
    at times led a dissolute life, but I hope through the mercy of God to
    be forgiven. WILLIAM CORDER."

    Witness to the signing by the said William Corder,

        JOHN ORRIDGE.


    Condemned cell, Eleven o'clock, Monday morning,
    August 11th, 1828.

    The above confession was read over carefully to the prisoner in our
    presence, who stated most solemnly it was true, and that he had
    nothing to add to or retract from it--W. STOCKING, chaplain; TIMOTHY
    R. HOLMES, Under-Sheriff.


    THE EXECUTION.

    At ten minutes before twelve o'clock the prisoner was brought from his
    cell and pinioned by the hangman, who was brought from London for the
    purpose. He appeared resigned, but was so weak as to be unable to
    stand without support; when his cravat was removed he groaned heavily,
    and appeared to be labouring under great mental agony. When his wrists
    and arms were made fast, he was led round towards the scaffold, and
    as he passed the different yards in which the prisoners were confined,
    he shook hands with them, and speaking to two of them by name, he
    said, "Good bye, God bless you." They appeared considerably affected
    by the wretched appearance which he made, and "God bless you!" "May
    God receive your soul!" were frequently uttered as he passed along.
    The chaplain walked before the prisoner, reading the usual Burial
    Service, and the Governor and Officers walking immediately after him.
    Tho prisoner was supported to the steps which led to the scaffold; he
    looked somewhat wildly around, and a constable was obliged to support
    him while the hangman was adjusting the fatal cord. There was a
    barrier to keep off the crowd, amounting to upwards of 7,000 persons,
    who at this time had stationed themselves in the adjoining fields, on
    the hedges, the tops of houses, and at every point from which a view
    of the execution could be best obtained. The prisoner, a few moments
    before the drop fell, groaned heavily, and would have fallen, had not
    a second constable caught hold of him. Everything having been made
    ready, the signal was given, the fatal drop fell, and the unfortunate
    man was launched into eternity. Just before he was turned off, he said
    in a feeble tone, "I am justly sentenced, and may God forgive me."


    The Murder of Maria Marten.

    BY W. CORDER.

    Come all you thoughtless young men, a warning take by me,
    And think upon my unhappy fate to be hanged upon a tree;
    My name is William Corder, to you I do declare,
    I courted Maria Marten, most beautiful and fair.

    I promised I would marry her upon a certain day,
    Instead of that, I was resolved to take her life away.
    I went into her father's house the 18th day of May,
    Saying, my dear Maria, we will fix the wedding day.

    If you will meet me at the Red-barn, as sure as I have life,
    I will take you to Ipswich town, and there make you my wife;
    I then went home and fetched my gun, my pickaxe and my spade,
    I went into the Red-barn, and there I dug her grave.

    With heart so light, she thought no harm, to meet him she did go
    He murdered her all in the barn, and laid her body low;
    After the horrible deed was done, she lay weltering in her gore,
    Her bleeding mangled body he buried beneath the Red-barn floor.

    Now all things being silent, her spirit could not rest,
    She appeared onto her mother, who suckled her at her breast,
    For many a long month or more, her mind being sore oppress'd,
    Neither night or day she could not take any rest.

    Her mother's mind being so disturbed, she dreamt three nights o'er,
    Her daughter she lay murdered beneath the Red-barn floor;
    She sent the father to the barn, when he the ground did thrust,
    And there he found his daughter mingling with the dust.

    My trial is hard, I could not stand, most woeful was the sight,
    When her jaw-bone was brought to prove, which pierced my heart quite;
    Her aged father standing by, likewise his loving wife,
    And in her grief her hair she tore, she scarcely could keep life.

    Adieu, adieu, my loving friends, my glass is almost run,
    On Monday next will be my last, when I am to be hang'd,
    So you, young men, who do pass by; with pity look on me,
    For murdering Maria Marten, I was hang'd upon the tree.

    Printed by J Catnach, 2 and 3, Monmouth Court.--Cards, &c., Printed
    Cheap


[Illustration]

  "Oh, she lives snug in the Holy Land,
   Right, tight, and merry in the Holy Land,
   Search the globe round, none can be found
   So _accommodating!_ as Old Mother Cummins--of the Holy Land."

Catnach, like many others connected with the getting up of news broadsides
and fly-sheets, did not always keep clear of the law. The golden rule is a
very fine one, but, unfortunately, it is not always read aright; in some
cases injured innocence flies at extremes. Jemmy Catnach for a long time
had been living upon unfriendly terms with a party connected with the
management of one of Mother Cummins's lodging-house establishments in the
immediate neighbourhood, so out of spite printed a pamphlet, purporting to
be the "Life and Adventures of Old Mother Cummins." Here Catnach had
reckoned without his host, by reason of his not taking into consideration
the extensive aristocratic and legal connection Mother Cummins had for her
friends and patrons. The moment she was made acquainted with the "_dirty
parjury_" that Jemmy Catnach had printed and caused to be publicly
circulated, she immediately gave instructions to _her_ Attorney General to
prosecute the _varmint_, when a warrant was applied for and obtained to
search the premises of the Seven Dials printer. But Catnach got the news
of the intended visit of the Bow Street Runners, and naturally became
alarmed from having a vivid recollection of the punishment and costs in
the case of the Drury-lane sausage makers, so the forme containing the
libellous matter was at once broken up--"pied," that is, the type was
jumbled together and left to be properly distributed on a future occasion.
What stock of the pamphlets remained were hastily packed up and carried
off to the "other side of the water" by John Morgan, one of Catnach's
poets! while another forme, consisting of a Christmas-sheet, entitled "The
Sun of Righteousness," was hurriedly got to press, and all hands were
working away full of assumed innocence when the officers from Bow Street
arrived at Monmouth-court, when, after a diligent search, they had very
reluctantly to come to the conclusion that they were "a day behind the
fair," and that the printer had been a little too sharp for them this
time. But Mother Cummins did not mean to be so checkmated by Catnach and
Co., and vowed to pursue him and his dirty blackguards to the end of the
world and back again, and instructed her lawyers to serve him with several
notices of action for libel, defamation of character, and, more
particular, as she expressed it, for "_parjury_." Then Catnach became
somewhat alarmed by her known vindictive disposition and long purse, that
he consulted his own solicitor in the matter, who took "counsel's opinion"
when an instant compromise at all costs, together with an ample apology,
was recommended as the only safe way out of the dilemma; a course which
was ultimately agreed to by both sides. An apology was drawn up and
approved of, with the understanding that Catnach was, after paying all
costs incurred to print the apology and publish the same on three several
places in front of his business premises in Monmouth Court for fourteen
clear days. All this--and more--Jemmy promised steadfastly to observe. Yet
in effect, he evaded the conditions by printing the apology in small pica
type and sticking the three copies so high up on the premises, that it
would have required Sam Weller's "pair of double million magnifying gas
microscopes of hextra power" to have been able to read the same.

Immediately after Mother Cummins's death and funeral, March, 1828, the
following announcement appeared:--

    _Published this Day, Price Sixpence, embellished with a humorous
    Coloured Plate._

    THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF MOTHER CUMMINS,

    The celebrated Lady Abbess of St. Giles's; with a curious Description,
    Regulations, &c., of her singular Establishment. An account of her
    Funeral, &c. Interspersed with numerous Anecdotes of Living
    Characters, Visitors of Mother Cummins's Nunnery,--Capt. Shiels and
    the Forty-four Nuns--Poll Hankey and Sir Charles Stanton,--Jane Sealey
    and an Illustrous Person, &c.--With an Account of some of the
    principal Nuns of the Establishment; particularly Mrs. Throgmorton and
    Lord Al...n..y--Bell Chambers and the D... of Y...,--Miss Wilkinson
    and Captain Featherstone--Marianne Hempstead, the Scotch Beauty--Miss
    Weltern Davis and the Rev. Mr. H...l..y Be..rs..d--Mary Thomas, the
    Female Chimney-Sweep, and Captain T...t...s, &c.


    THE TRIAL, SENTENCE, FULL CONFESSION, AND EXECUTION OF BISHOP &
    WILLIAMS, THE BURKERS.

    [Illustration]


    BURKING AND BURKERS.

    The month of November, 1831, will be recorded in the annals of crimes
    and cruelties as particularly pre-eminent, for it will prove to
    posterity that other wretches could be found base enough to follow the
    horrid example of Burke and his accomplice Hare, to entice the
    unprotected and friendless to the den of death for sordid gain.

    The horrible crime of "Burking," or murdering the unwary with the
    intention of selling their bodies at a high price to the anatomical
    schools, for the purpose of dissection, has unfortunately obtained a
    notoriety which will not be soon or easily forgotten. It took its
    horrifying appellation from the circumstances which were disclosed on
    the trial of the inhuman wretch Burke, who was executed at Edinburgh
    in 1829, for having wilfully and deliberately murdered several persons
    for the sole purpose of profiting by the sale of their dead bodies.


    APPREHENSION OF THE BURKERS.

    On Tuesday, November 8th, four persons vis., John Bishop, Thomas
    Williams, James May, and Michael Shield, were examined at Bow Street
    Police Office on the charge of being concerned in the wilful murder of
    an unknown Italian boy. From the evidence adduced, it appeared that
    May, _alias_ Jack Stirabout, a known resurrection-man, and Bishop, a
    body-snatcher, offered at King's College a subject for sale, Shield
    and Williams having charge of the body in a hamper, for which they
    demanded twelve guineas. Mr Partridge, demonstrator of anatomy, who,
    although not in absolute want of a subject, offered nine guineas, but
    being struck with its freshness sent a messenger to the police
    station, and the fellows were then taken into custody, examined before
    the magistrates, when Shield was discharged and the others ultimately
    committed for trial


    THE TRIAL.

    Friday, December 2nd, having been fixed for the trial of the prisoners
    charged with the murder of the Italian boy, the Court was crowded to
    excess so early as eight o'clock in the morning.

    At nine o'clock the Deputy Recorder, Mr Serjeant Arabin, came into
    the court, when the prisoners severally pleaded "Not Guilty."

    The Jury were then sworn, and at ten o'clock Chief Justice Tindal, Mr
    Baron Vaughan, and Mr Justice Littledale entered the Court, with the
    Lord Mayor and Sheriffs.

    The Bench was crowded with persons of rank, amongst whom was the Duke
    of Sussex.

    Mr Bodkin having opened the case, Mr Adolphus proceeded to state to
    the Jury the leading facts, as they were afterwards stated in the
    evidence produced. The case for the prosecution having closed, the
    prisoners were called upon for their defence.

    The prisoner Bishop in his defence stated that he was thirty-three
    years of age, and had followed the occupation of carrier till the last
    five years, during which he had occasionally obtained a livelihood by
    supplying surgeons with subjects. He most solemnly declared that he
    had never disposed of any body that had not died a natural death.

    Williams' defence briefly stated that he had never been engaged in the
    calling of a resurrectionist, but had only by accident accompanied
    Bishop on the sale of the Italian boy's body.

    May, in his defence, admitted that for the last six years he had
    followed the occupation of supplying the medical schools with
    anatomical subjects, but disclaimed ever having had anything to do
    with the sale of bodies which had not died a natural death. That he
    had accidentally met with Bishop at the Fortune of War public house on
    the Friday on which the body was taken for sale to Guy's Hospital.

    At eight o'clock the jury retired to consider their verdict and on
    their return they found the prisoners were Guilty of Murder.

    The Recorder then passed the awful sentence upon them. "That each of
    them be hanged on Monday morning, and their bodies be delivered over
    for dissection and anatomization."

    The prisoners heard the sentence as they had the verdict, without any
    visible alteration. May raised his voice, and in a firm tone said, "I
    am a murdered man, gentlemen."


    THE FULL CONFESSION OF BISHOP AND WILLIAMS.

    On Saturday morning Williams addressed a note to Mr Wontner, stating
    that he and Bishop wanted particularly to see him and Dr. Cotton, the
    Ordinary. In the course of the interview which immediately followed,
    both prisoners made a full confession of their guilt, both exculpating
    May altogether from being party to any of the murders. Having received
    the confessions, Mr Wontner immediately waited upon Mr Justice
    Littledale and Baron Vaughan, and upon communicating to them the
    statements, they said they would at once see the Home Secretary on the
    subject.

    On Sunday morning the Sheriffs visited all three of the prisoners in
    succession, and with the Under-Sheriffs were engaged between three and
    four hours in taking down the statements of the convicts. The result
    of all these investigations was that the same afternoon a respite
    during his Majesty's pleasure arrived at Newgate for May, and his
    sentence will be commuted to transportation for life.


    THE EXECUTION.

    During the whole of Sunday crowds of persons congregated in the Old
    Bailey, and the spot on which the scaffold was to be erected was
    covered with individuals conversing on the horrid crimes of the
    convicts, and in the course of the day strong posts were erected in
    the Old Bailey and at the ends of Newgate street Giltspur street, and
    Skinner street, for the purpose of forming barriers to break the
    pressure of the crowd.

    At half-past twelve o'clock the gallows was brought out from the yard,
    and drawn to its usual station opposite the Debtor's door. The crowd,
    as early as one o'clock amounting to several thousand persons,
    continued rapidly increasing.

    By some oversight three chains had been suspended from the fatal beam,
    and this led the crowd to suppose that May had not been respited. Mr.
    Wontnor, on hearing of the mistake, directed that one of the chains
    should be removed. The moment this was done an exclamation of "May is
    respited," ran through the crowd, and, contrary to the expected tokens
    of indignation, distinct cheers were heard amongst the crowd on
    witnessing this token that mercy had been shown to May.

    At half-past seven the Sheriffs arrived in their carriage, and in a
    short time the press-yard was thronged with gentlemen. The unhappy
    convicts were now led from their cells. Bishop cams out first, and
    after he was pinioned he was conducted to a seat, and the Rev. Mr.
    Williams sat alongside of him, and they conversed together in a low
    tone of voice.

    Williams was next introduced, and the wonderful alteration two days
    had effected in his appearance astonished everyone who was present at
    the trial. All the bold confidence he exhibited then had completely
    forsaken him, and he looked the most miserable wretch it is possible
    to conceive. He entered the room with a very faltering step, and when
    the ceremony of pinioning him commenced, he was so weak as to be
    scarcely able to stand.

    Everything being ready, the melancholy procession moved forward.
    Bishop was then conducted to the scaffold, and the moment he made his
    appearance the most dreadful yells and hootings were heard among the
    crowd. The executioner proceeded at once to the performance of his
    duty, and having put the rope round his neck and affixed it to a
    chain, placed him under the fatal beam. Williams was then taken out,
    and the groans and hisses were renewed. The dreadful preparations were
    soon completed, and in less than five minutes after the wretched men
    appeared on the scaffold the usual signal was given, the drop fell,
    and they were launched into eternity. Bishop appeared to die very
    soon, but Williams struggled hard. Thus died

    THE DREADFUL BURKERS OF 1831

    Printed in London for the Venders.

It may be remarked, _en passant_, that Mr. Corder, with Paragalli and
Colla, the two Italian witnesses, who gave evidence as to the identity of
the body, said to be that of the Italian boy, at the trial of Bishop,
Williams, and May, appeared at Bow Street, in consequence of doubts being
entertained by a portion of the public as to the body being that of Carlo
Ferrari, to re-assert their former evidence. Mr. Corder afterwards
published a statement in the "Times" newspaper, which gave scarcely the
possibility of doubt that the body offered at King's College _must have
been_ that of Ferrari notwithstanding the murderer's assertion to the
contrary. On December the 10th, a _Post-obit_ prosecution of Williams, the
Burkite murderer, took place in the Court of Excise, where he was charged,
on information, with having carried on an illicit factory for making glass
at No. 2, Nova Scotia Gardens, Bethnal Green. An officer proved the
seizure of goods used in the manufacture of glass, at the house of the
person charged, and that Bishop was at the time in company. The Court
condemned the goods seized.

A drama on the subject of the "Burkers" was produced at an unlicensed
theatre, designated THE SHAKESPEARE, in the Kingsland Road, and not far
from Shoreditch Church, and for a time was specially attractive. In the
young actor, who played Carlo Ferrari, the Italian boy, might now be
recognised an eminent tragedian.[10]

[Illustration]


Street-ballads on political subjects, though not regarded as of great
interest by the whole body of the people, are still eventful among certain
classes, and for such the street author and ballad singer cater. The
measure of Reform by Earl Grey's administration, was proposed in the House
of Commons by Lord John Russell, 1st March, 1831. On the first division,
_second_ reading 22nd March, there stood for it, 302; against it, 301.
Ultimately, the Bill for that session was abandoned, and Parliament
dissolved. The Reform Bill of 1832 was read for the _third_ time on the
23rd of March, when the numbers stood thus:--for the Bill, 355; against
it, 239--majority for it, 116. In the Lords, the Bill was carried through
the Committee on the 30th of May, and read a _third_ time on the 4th of
June. For the Bill, 106; against, 22--majority, 84.

During the whole of the time the Reform Bills of 1831-2 were before the
Houses of Parliament, the "Catnach Press," in common with other printing
offices that produced street-literature, was very busy in publishing,
almost daily, songs and papers in ridicule of borough-mongering and of the
various rotten boroughs then in existence, but which were entirely swept
away by the passing of this Bill; fifty-six boroughs in England being
disfranchised, while thirty were reduced to one member only; twenty-two
new boroughs were created to send two members, and twenty to send one
member; other important changes were also made. Songs upon the subject
were sung at every corner of the streets, to the great delight of the
multitude.

THE REFORM BILL.

  As William and _Bill_ are the same,
    Our King, if he "weathers the storm,"
  Shall be called in the annals of fame,
    The _Glorious_ BILL _of Reform_!


[Illustration]

ATTACK ON KING WILLIAM IV. AT ASCOT HEATH,

ON TUESDAY, THE 19TH OF JUNE, 1832.

The Ascot Races for 1832 will be rendered memorable in the history of this
country by reason of a stone thrown at his Majesty while on the grand
stand at Ascot Races, which hit him on the forehead. The man by whom it
was thrown was immediately secured, and proved to be Dennis Collins, a
seaman with only one leg, formerly a pensioner of Greenwich Hospital, from
whence he had been dismissed for ill-conduct. On his examination he
confessed he committed the outrage in revenge because no notice had been
taken of petitions which he had sent to the Lords of the Admiralty and the
King. He was committed to Reading gaol to take his trial, which took place
at Abingdon, on August 22nd. The jury returned a verdict of guilty on the
fifth count, that of intending some bodily harm to his Majesty, but not
guilty of the intent to kill.

Mr. Baron Gurney passed sentence on the prisoner, that he _be drawn on a
hurdle to the place of execution_, and being hung by his _neck_ until
dead, his _head_ be afterwards _severed from his body_, and his body
_divided into four pieces_, and disposed of as his Majesty should think
fit. His sentence was afterwards respited.

Nothing better than the above circumstance could have suited the producers
and workers of street-literature. King William and Queen Adelaide were
very popular at the time. "Yes, sir, we all did well out of that job of
the wooden-legged sailor and old King Billy. It lasted out for months. We
had something fresh nearly every day. We killed old Billy five or six
times; then we made out that the sailor-chap was a love-child of the
Sailor King and Madame Vestris; then that he was an old sweetheart of
Queen Adelaide's, and that he was jealous and annoyed at her a jilting of
him and a-marrying of old King Billy, and so on. But it was an awful sell,
and a robbery to us all, because they didn't hang and cut the chap up into
four quarters--that would have been a regular Godsend to us chaps, sir.
But I think old Jemmy Catnach, as it was, must have cleared pretty nigh or
quite fifty pounds for himself out of the job. A-talking about Madame
Vestris, sir, reminds me that once we had a song about her, and the chorus
was:--

                    "'A hundred pounds reward
  For the man that cut the legs above the knees
  Belonging to Madame Vestris.'"

[Illustration]

The year 1837 produced two sensational murders and executions. The first
case--that of Pegsworth--made a great stir, particularly in the east part
of London. It was on the evening of the 9th of January, 1837, that a most
atrocious and cold-blooded murder was committed in Ratcliff Highway. The
individual who suffered was Mr. John Holliday Ready, who for some time
carried on the trade of a tailor, draper, and milliner. John Pegsworth,
was a messenger in the tea department of St. Katherine's Docks, he had
formerly kept a small tobacconist's shop in the same street, and had
contracted a debt of L1 with Mr. Ready, who being unable to obtain
payment, took out a summons against him in the Court of Requests,
Osborne-street, Whitechapel. The court gave judgement against Pegsworth
for the full amount and costs, which he was ordered to pay by instalments.
On the evening of the same day Pegsworth proceeded to a cutler's shop in
Shadwell, where he bought a large pig-knife, armed with which he
immediately repaired to the house of Mr. Ready for the purpose of
executing his diabolical intention. He entered the shop, and having spoken
to Mrs. Ready, passed on to the parlour and got into conversation with Mr.
Ready. Pegsworth, although pressingly asked to do so, declined taking a
seat, and after he had been talking about ten minutes in a calm and
collected manner on the subject of the debt and the misfortunes he had met
with in business, he pointedly asked Mr. Ready if he intended to enforce
the payment of the debt? Ready said he should be compelled to issue an
execution against his goods if the money was not paid. The words had
scarcely left the lips of the unfortunate man than Pegsworth uttered some
exclamation which is supposed to have been "Take that!" and plunged the
knife with great force into his breast up to the hilt. Ready called out to
his wife, "O, I am stabbed!" fell back in his chair, and almost
immediately expired. Mrs. Ready, who saw Pegsworth move his arm, but was
not aware her husband was stabbed until she saw him fall back, screamed
aloud for assistance, and several of her neighbours rushed into the shop
for the purpose of securing the murderer, who did not make the least
attempt to escape, but having completed his purpose, withdrew the knife
from the body of his victim, laid it on the table, and calmly awaited the
arrival of the police.

Pegsworth was tried at the Central Criminal Court of London on the 12th of
February, and found guilty of wilful murder, and was executed in front of
the debtor's door in the Old Bailey on the 9th of March following.

       *       *       *       *       *

During the whole of the time that was occupied in the trial and execution
of Pegsworth, a circumstance took place which excited an extraordinary
sensation throughout the metropolis and its neighbourhood--namely, the
discovery near the Pine Apple Gate, Edgware Road, of the trunk of a human
being, tied up in a sack, dismembered of the arms, legs, and head.

The utmost vigilance was exercised to trace out the murderer, but for
several days no light was thrown upon the transaction. At length, on the
6th of January, as a barge was passing down the Regent's Canal, near
Stepney, one of the eastern environs of London, the bargeman, to his
unspeakable horror, fished up what proved to be a human head. Proper
notice of this circumstance was forwarded to the police. It was now very
generally supposed the head would prove to belong to the body found in the
Edgware road, although at a distance of nearly five miles, and this
conjecture proved to be correct.

On the second of February the remaining portions of the human being was
discovered in a sack in an osier bed, near Cold Harbour Lane, Camberwell.
These mutilated remains were carefully matched together, and at length
recognised as those of a Mrs. Brown, and suspicion fell, and justly so,
upon James Greenacre and his paramour Sarah Gale.

In respect to the last two murders we have cited, Mr. Henry Mayhew
received from an old "running patterer" the following
statement--"Pegsworth was an out-and-out lot. I did tremendous with him,
because it happened in London, down Ratcliff Highway--that's a splendid
quarter for working--there's plenty of feeling--but, bless you, some
places you go to you can't move nohow, they've hearts like paving stones.
They wouldn't have 'the papers' if you'd give them to 'em--especially when
they knows you. Greenacre didn't sell so well as might have been expected,
for such a diabolical out-and-out crime as he committed; but you see he
came close after Pegsworth, and that took the beauty off him. Two
murderers together is no good to nobody."

In the Greenacre tragedy Catnach did a great amount of business, and as it
was about the last "popular murder" in which he had any trade concern, we
give a statement in respect to the sale of "Execution Papers," of the
chief modern '_popular_' murders, thus:--

  Of Rush murder                          2,500,000 copies.
  Of the Mannings                         2,500,000   "
  Of Courvoisier                          1,666,000   "
  Of Greenacre                            1,650,000   "
  Of Corder (Maria Marten)                1,166,000   "
  Of the Five Pirates (Flowery Land)        290,000   "
  Of Mueller                                 280,000   "

So that the printers and publishers of "Gallows" Literature in general,
and "The Catnach Press" in particular must have reaped a golden harvest
for many a long day, even when sold to the street patterers at the low
rate of 3d. per _long_ dozen.

[Illustration]


    LIFE, TRIAL, CONFESSION, & EXECUTION OF JAMES GREENACRE, FOR THE
    EDGEWARE ROAD MURDER.

    [Illustration]

    On the 22nd of April, James Greenacre was found guilty of the wilful
    murder of Hannah Brown, and Sarah Gale with being accessary after the
    fact. A long and connected chain of evidence was produced, which
    showed, that the sack in which the body was found was the property of
    Mr. Ward; that it was usually deposited in a part of the premises
    which led to the workshop, and could without observation have been
    carried away by him; that the said sack contained several fragments
    of shavings of mahogeny, such as were made in the course of business
    by Ward; and that it contained some pieces of linen cloth, which had
    been patched with nankeen; that this linen cloth matched exactly with
    a frock which was found on Greenacre's premises, and which belonged to
    the female prisoner. Feltham, a police-officer, deposed, that on the
    25th of March he apprehended the prisoners at the lodgings of
    Greenacre; that on searching the trowsers pockets of that person, he
    took therefrom a pawnbroker's duplicate for two silk gowns, and from
    the fingers of the female prisoner two rings, and also a similar
    duplicate for two veils, and an old-fashioned silver watch, which she
    was endeavouring to conceal; and it was further proved that these
    articles were pledged by the prisoners, and that they had been the
    property of the deceased woman.--Two surgeons were examined, whose
    evidence was most important, and whose depositions were of the
    greatest consequence in throwing a clear light on the manner in which
    the female, Hannah Brown, met with her death. Mr. Birtwhistle deposed,
    that he had carefully examined the head; that the right eye had been
    knocked out by a blow inflicted while the person was living; there was
    also a cut on the cheek, and the jaw was fractured, these two last
    wounds were, in his opinion, produced after death; there was also a
    bruise on the head, which had occurred after death; the head had been
    separated by cutting, and the _bone sawed nearly through_, and then
    broken off; then were the marks of a saw, which fitted with a saw
    which was found in Greenacre's box. Mr. Girdwood, a surgeon, very
    minutely and skilfully described the appearances presented on the
    head, and showed incontestibly, that the head had been severed from
    the body _while the person was yet alive_; that this was proved by the
    retraction, or drawing back, of the muscles at the parts where they
    were separated by the knife, and further, by the blood-vessels being
    empty, the body was drained of blood. This part of the evidence
    produced a thrill of horror throughout the court, but Greenacre
    remained quite unmoved.

    After a most impressive and impartial summing up by the learned Judge,
    the jury retired, and, after the absence of a quarter of an hour,
    returned into court, and pronounced a verdict of "Guilty" against both
    the prisoners.

    The prisoners heard the verdict without evincing the least emotion, or
    the slightest change of countenance. After an awful silence of a few
    minutes, the Lord Chief Justice said they might retire, as they would
    be remanded until the end of the session.

    They were then conducted from the bar, and on going down the steps,
    the unfortunate female prisoner kissed Greenacre with every mark of
    tenderness and affection.

    The crowd outside the court on this day was even greater than on
    either of the preceding; and when the result of the trial was made
    known in the street, a sudden and general shout succeeded, ans
    continued huzzas were heard for several minutes.


    THE EXECUTION.

    At half past seven the sheriff arrived in his carriage, and in a short
    time the press-yard was thronged with gentlemen who had been admitted
    by tickets. The unhappy convict was now led from his cell. When he
    arrived in the press-yard, his whole appearance pourtrayed the utmost
    misery and spirit-broken dejection; his countenance haggard, and his
    whole frame agitated; all that self-possesion and fortitude which he
    displayed in the early part of his imprisonment, had utterly forsaken
    him, and had left him a victim of hopelessness and despair. He
    requested the executioner to give him as little pain as possible in
    the process of pinioning his arms and wrists; he uttered not a word in
    allusion to his crime; neither did he make any dying request, except
    that his spectacles might be given to Sarah Gale; he exhibited no sign
    of hope; he showed no symptom of reconciliation with his offended God!
    When the venerable ordinary preceded him in the solemn procession
    through the vaulted passage to the fatal drop, he was so overcome and
    unmanned, that he could not support himself without the aid of the
    assistant executioner. At the moment he ascended the faithless floor,
    from which he was to be launched into eternity, the most terrific
    yells, groans, and cheers were vociferated by the immense multitude
    surrounding the place of execution. Greenacre bowed to the sheriff,
    and begged he might not be allowed to remain long in the concourse;
    and almost immediately the fatal bolt was withdrawn, and, without a
    struggle he became a lifeless corse.--Thus ended the days of
    Greenacre, a man endowed with more than ordinary talents, respectably
    connected, and desirably placed in society; but a want of probity, an
    absolute dearth of principle, led him on from one crime to another,
    until at length he perpetrated the sanguinary deed which brought his
    career to an awful and disgraceful period, and which has enrolled his
    name among the most notorious of those who have expiated their crime
    on the gallows.

    On hearing the death-bell toll, Gale became dreadfully agitated; and
    when she heard the brutal shouts of the crowd of spectators, she
    fainted, and remained in a state of alternate mental agony and
    insensibility throughout the whole day.

    After having been suspended the usual time, his body was cut down, and
    buried in a hole dug in one of the passages of the prison, near the
    spot where Thistlewood and his associate were deposited.

Catnach received a very indifferent education, and that little at the
establishment of Mr. Goldie, in Alnwick, where his attendance was very
irregular, and this drawback assisted very much in blunting his relish for
the higher walks of literature. The father had not carried out the
heavenly injunction so much practised in Scotland, by giving to his son
the best of blessings--"a good education."

Jemmy had a tenacious love of money, and this propensity he retained
throughout life. As a man of business he was rough and brusque in his
manners, but this mattered little, as his trade lay amongst a class who
were low and insensitive in their habits and modes of living.

The productions issued at the "Catnach Press" were not destined to rank
high in the annals of literature; and they bear a sorry appearance when
placed alongside of several works of a similar kind, which were printed at
the same period in many parts of the kingdom. In this respect Jemmy
Catnach was very unlike his father, for, whilst the former had a niggardly
turn in all his dealings, the latter was naturally inclined to the
reverse.

One class of literature which Jemmy Catnach made--by reason of greater
mechanical skill and a larger capital than his rivals--almost his own, was
children's farthing, halfpenny, and penny books. Among the great many that
he published we select from our own private collection, those that follow
as a fair sample.

Many other nursery books of a similar kind might be mentioned as some of
the chief attractions that emanated from the "Catnach Press," and which,
to the juvenile population, were more eagerly welcomed than the great
sensational three-volume novels are by many in our day.




  "THE CATNACH PRESS."

  [Illustration]

  A COLLECTION
  OF JUVENILE BOOKS.


  PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY
  JAMES CATNACH,
  LATE OF
  MONMOUTH COURT,
  SEVEN DIALS,
  LONDON.


[Illustration: JAMES CATNACH TO HIS JUVENILE READERS.

  Little Boys and Girls will find
  At CATNACH'S something to their mind,
  From great variety may choose,
  What will instruct them and amuse;
  The prettiest plates that you can find,
  To please at once the eye and mind,
  In all his little books appear,
  In natural beauty, shining clear,
  Instruction unto youth when given,
  Points the path from earth to heaven.
      He sells by Wholesale and Retail.
      To suit all moral tastes can't fail.]


  Nurse Love-Child's LEGACY

  [Illustration]

  LONDON:
  Printed by J. Catnach, 2, Monmouth
  Court, 7 Dials.


2

[Illustration]

  The Lion and the unicorn,
  Were fighting for the crown,
  The lion beat the unicorn,
  All round about the town,
  Some gave them white bread
  And some gave them brown,
  Some gave them plum cake
  And sent them out of town.


3

NURSE LOVECHILD'S LEGACY.

[Illustration]

  What is the news of the day,
  Good neighbour I pray,
  They say the balloon,
  Is gone up to the moon.


4

NURSE LOVECHILD'S LEGACY.

[Illustration]

  The little mouse
  Doth skip and play,
  He runs by night,
  And sleeps by day.


5

NURSE LOVECHILD'S LEGACY.

[Illustration]

  This is the Cat
  That killed the Cock,
  For waking her
  At five o'clock.


6

NURSE LOVECHILD'S LEGACY.

[Illustration]

  And this is the Dog
  That bit the thief,
  For stealing all
  His master's beef.


7

NURSE LOVECHILD'S LEGACY.

[Illustration]

  Who comes here
  A Grenadier,
  What do you want
  A pot of beer,
  Where's your money
  I've forgot.
  Get you gone
  You drunken sot.


8

NURSE LOVECHILD'S LEGACY.

[Illustration]

  Be not a glutton when you eat,
  But spare some for the needy,
  Or people will, when filled with meat,
  Say, like a wolf, you are greedy.


9

NURSE LOVECHILD'S LEGACY.

[Illustration]

  There was a little man,
  And he had a little gun,
  And his bullets were made of lead,
  He shot John Sprig
  Thro' the middle of his wig,
  And knock'd it off his head.


10

NURSE LOVECHILD'S LEGACY.

[Illustration]

  Now what do you think
  Of little Jack Jingle,
  Before he was married,
  He used to live single.
  But after he married,
  To alter his life,
  He left off living single
  And lived with his wife.


11

NURSE LOVECHILD'S LEGACY.

    Tom Trueby was a good and sensible boy, who neither played the truant
    nor kept company with naughty children. He did not like tossing up nor
    chuck up farthing, because he thought it might lead him to love
    gaming, when he was grown up; but he liked very well to play at ball
    or top, and most particularly at marbles, at which he was very clever,
    never cheated, and played so well that he used to teach the
    neighbouring children.


12

NURSE LOVECHILD'S LEGACY.

[Illustration]

    And here you see him instructing Master Manly, a Baronet's son in the
    place, as he did in matters of more consequence, and behaved so well
    towards him, that he was his friend all his lifetime.


13

NURSE LOVECHILD'S LEGACY.

Fire-Works and Crackers.

[Illustration]

    Fire-Works are things that look very pretty when they are properly
    managed by those who understand them, but children ought to take care
    how they meddle with gunpowder lest they should hurt themselves or
    other people.


14

NURSE LOVECHILD'S LEGACY.

    Tom Hazard for example was always fond of playing with serpents
    crackers &c. At one time he was near doing damage by his fireworks
    falling into a cellar, and at another time as you see in the cut he so
    much frightened one of his schoolfellows that he fell down, and put
    his ancle out, for which Tom was severely corrected and you must own
    he richly deserved it.

[Illustration]


15

NURSE LOVECHILD'S LEGACY.

[Illustration]

  See the Mother,
  Good and mild,
  How she plays
  With her dear Child.


NURSE LOVECHILD'S LEGACY.

[Illustration]

  See the Maid
    By kindness led,
  To feed the Fowls
    With crumbs of bread.


FINIS.

J. Catnach, Printer.




  THE GOLDEN PIPPIN.

  [Illustration]

  LONDON:
  Printed by J. Catnach.
  2, Monmouth
  Court, 7 Dials.


2

THE Lord's Prayer.

[Illustration]

    Our Father, who art in Heaven, hallowed be thy Name, thy Kingdom come,
    thy Will be done on Earth, as it is in Heaven, Give us this Day our
    daily Bread, and forgive us our Trespasses as we forgive them that
    trespass against us, and lead us not into Temptation, but deliver us
    from Evil. For thine is the Kingdom, the power and the Glory, for ever
    and ever. Amen.

[Illustration]


3

[Illustration]

A

Was an Arch Boy.

[Illustration]

B

A Beauty was.


4

[Illustration]

C

A comely Wench but Coy.

[Illustration]

D

A Dainty Lass.


5

[Illustration]

E

Loved Eggs, and eat his fill.

[Illustration]

F

Was full and fat.


6

[Illustration]

G

Had Grace and wit at will.

[Illustration]

H

Wore a Gold Lace Hat.


7

[Illustration]

I

Stands for little Jackys name.

[Illustration]

K

For Kitty Fair.


8

[Illustration]

L

Loved Learning & got fame.

[Illustration]

M

Was his Mother dear.


9

[Illustration]

N

Was naughty & oft crying.

[Illustration]

O

An Only Child.


10

[Illustration]

P

Was pretty Peggy sighing.

[Illustration]

Q

Was a Quaker mild.


11

[Illustration]

R

Was Rude, & in disgrace.

[Illustration]

S

Stands for Sammy Still.


12

[Illustration]

T

For ever talked a-pace.

[Illustration]

V

Was fond of Veal.


13

[Illustration]

W

He watched the house & hall.

[Illustration]

X

Does like a Cross appear.


14

[Illustration]

Y

A Youth well shaped & tall.

[Illustration]

Z

Whips up the Rear.


15

  Let all good children come to me,
  And I'll learn them their

  A B C

[Illustration]

  And when your Great Letters you know,
  Then I'll teach you the Small also.

[Illustration]

J. Catnach, Printer.




  JERRY DIDDLE, AND HIS FIDDLE.

  [Illustration]

  _If you are bad
  I pray reform,
  And praise will all
  Your acts adorn._

  London:
  Printed by J. Catnach, 2, Monmouth
  Court, 7 Dials.


2

      JERRY DIDDLE.
    Bought a fiddle,
  To play to little boys,
    He wax'd his string,
    And began to sing,
  Youth is the time for joys.

[Illustration]

  He went to a pig, and play'd a jig.


3

  The pigs did grunt for joy,
    Till the farmer came out,
    And made a great rout,
  Saying "Off, or I'll cane you, my boy."

[Illustration]

  He met an old woman to market a prancing,
  He took out his fiddle, and set her a dancing.


4

  She broke all her eggs,
    And dirtied her butter;
  At which her old husband
    Began for to splutter.

[Illustration]

  Oh! then, said Jerry,
  I'll soon make you merry.


5

  And the way with his fiddle he led,
  The old man heard the tune,
  As he sat in his room,
  And danc'd on top of his head.

[Illustration]


6

[Illustration]

  He next met a barber,
    With powder and wig,
  He play'd him a tune,
    And he shaved an old pig.


7

[Illustration]

  Then up in his arms
    He carried the boar,
  And went to the ale-house,
    To dance on the floor.


8

[Illustration]

  He met an old man,
    With beer in a can,
  And a bundle of clothes on his shoulder,
  He bade Jerry play,
    And threw all away,
  To astonish each gaping beholder.


9

[Illustration]

  He went to a tailor,
    Who was ill in bed;
  When he got up to dance,
    With a goose on his head.


10

[Illustration]

  He went to a fishwomen,
    Tippling of gin,
  When she like a top,
    Began for to spin.


11

[Illustration]

  The publican star'd,
    As he fill'd out the glasses,
  But when Jerry play'd,
    He danc'd with the lasses.


12

[Illustration]

  He next met an old man,
    With beard white and long,
  Who laugh'd at poor Jerry,
    And scoff'd at his song.


13

[Illustration]

  His name was Instruction,
    The friend of the wise,
  Who teaches good youth,
    To win honor's prize.


14

[Illustration]

  He broke Jerry's fiddle,
    And taught him to read,
  And told him that honor
    Would daily succeed.


15

[Illustration]

  Jerry now is a lad
    At school always true,
  The joy of his friends,
    And a pattern for you.


[Illustration]

  Be instructed by him,
    To avoid folly's snare,
  And your bosom thro' life,
    Will escape every care.

FINIS.




  JUMPING JOAN.

  [Illustration]

  Here am I, little
  Jumping Joan,
  When nobody's with me,
  I'm always alone.

  London:
  Printed by J. Catnach, 2, Monmouth
  Court, 7 Dials.


2

_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  Joan had a dog, and
  Joan had a cat,
  Look at them both, see
  How pretty they're sat.


3

_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  Joan she lov'd skipping,
  And was not at a loss,
  At jumping or hopping,
  Or going a cross.


4

_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  Joan had a parrot
  Could chatter and bawl,
  But Joan could talk faster,
  And longer withal.


5

_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  Joan's dog, Prinny,
  No learning did lack,
  He'd carry Poll in his mouth
  And Puss on his back.


6

_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  As Joan lov'd jumping,
  She learned her cat,
  Look at them both,
  And see what they're at.


7

_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  Here's Pussy a washing
  Joan's linen you know,
  She could wash for herself
  A long while ago.


8

_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  Now Prinny, Joan's dog,
  To market would go,
  But what he'll bring back,
  I'm sure I don't know.


9

_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  Here's Pussy drest out
  Like a lady so gay,
  She's going to court, if
  She finds but the way.


10

_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  Here's Prinny and Pussy
  To dancing have got,
  While Joan plays a tune
  On the lid of a pot.


11

_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  Here's Joan with a whip,
  Taking very long strides,
  And vows if she finds 'em,
  She'll bang both their hides.


12

_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  Here's Prinny with gun,
  Sword and gorget so smart,
  He's going to France,
  To fight Bonaparte.


13

_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  And Joan's threat had fill'd
  Poor Prin with alarms,
  He said he'd not fight,
  And so grounded his arms.


14

_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  Then Puss in a fright
  Ran back to the house,
  She pull'd off her clothes,
  And has just caught a mouse.


15

_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  Then Joan she came in,
  Call'd the cat saucy puss,
  And said Prin was a puppy,
  To frighten her thus.


_Jumping Joan._

[Illustration]

  They fell on their knees,
  Her pardon to crave,
  And promis'd in future,
  They'd better behave.


J. Catnach, Printer.




[Illustration]

  This Milk Maid and
  Book for a halfpenny.


[Illustration]

  TO THE Juvenile Reader.

  Little Boys and Girls will find
  At CATNACH'S something to their mind.
  From great variety may choose,
  What will instruct them and amuse;
  The prettiest plates that you can find,
  To please at once the eye and mind,
  In all his little books appear,
  In natural beauty, shining clear,
  Instruction unto youth when given,
  Points the path from earth to heaven.

  He sells by Wholesale and Retail,
  To suit all moral tastes can't fail.




  THE Butterfly's Ball,
  AND Grasshopper's Feast.

  [Illustration]

  _Come take up your hats,
    And away let us haste,
  To the Butterfly's Ball,
    Or the Grasshoppers Feast._

  J. Catnach,
  2, Monmouth Court, 7 Dials.


[Illustration]

  THE BUTTERFLY'S BALL
  AND Grasshopper's Feast.


[Illustration]

  The trumpeter Gad-fly,
    Has summon'd the crew,
  And the revels are now,
    Only waiting for you.

[Illustration]

  On the smooth shaved grass,
    By the side of a wood.
  Beneath a broad oak,
    Which for ages had stood.

[Illustration]

  See the children of earth,
    And the tenants of air,
  To an evening's amusement,
    Together repair.

[Illustration]

  And there came the Beetle,
    So blind and so black,
  And carried the Emmet,
    His friend on his back.

[Illustration]

  And there came the Gnat,
    And the Dragon-fly too,
  And all their relations--
    Green, orange and blue.

[Illustration]

  And there came the Moth
    With her plume of down,
  And the Hornet with jacket
    Of yellow and brown.

[Illustration]

  Who with him the Wasp,
    His companion did bring,
  But they promised that evening
    To lay by their sting.

[Illustration]

  The sly little Dormouse,
    Peep'd out of his hole,
  And led to the feast,
    His blind cousin the Mole.

[Illustration]

  And the Snail with his horns,
    Peeping out of a shell.
  Came fatigued with the distance,
    The length of an ell.

[Illustration]

  A Mushroom the table,
    And on it was spread,
  A water-dock leaf,
    Which their table-cloth made.

[Illustration]

  The viands were various,
    To each of their taste,
  And the Bee brought the honey,
    To sweeten the feast

[Illustration]

  With steps most majestic,
    The Snail did advance,
  And he promised the gazers
    A minuet to dance.

[Illustration]

  But they all laugh'd so loud,
    That he drew in his head,
  And went in his own
    Little chamber to bed.

[Illustration]

  Then as the evening gave way
    To the shadows of night,
  Their watchman the glow-worm
    Came out with his light.


[Illustration]

  So home let us hasten,
    While yet we can see,
  For no watchman is waiting,
    For you or for me.

J. Catnach, Printer.




[Illustration]

  A halfpenny Pay
  and take honest Tray.


  Let all good children come to me,
  And I'll learn them their

  A B C

[Illustration]




[Illustration:

  THE _Easter Gift_;
  BEING A USEFUL TOY
  FOR
  _Little Miss & Master_
  TO LEARN THEIR ABC

  J. Catnach, Printer,
  2, & 3,
  Monmouth-Court, 7 Dials.]


[Illustration]

  A Was an Archer and shot at a frog,
  But missing his mark shot into a bog.

[Illustration]

  B Was a Butcher and had a great dog,
  Who always went round the streets with a clog.

[Illustration]

  C Was a Captain so brave and so grand,
  He headed in buff the stately train'd band.

[Illustration]

  D Was a Drunkard and lov'd a full pot,
  His face and his belly shew'd him a great sot.

[Illustration]

  E Was an Esquire, both lofty and proud,
  His servant was softy though he was full loud.

[Illustration]

  F Was a Farmer and followed the plough,
  And gathered good from the sweat of his brow.

[Illustration]

  G Was a Gamester, and oft would he play,
  A poor single ace against a bold tray.

[Illustration]

  H Hunted the buck, and likewise the doe,
  The hart and the fox, and also the roe.

[Illustration]

  I Was an Image set up at Rome,
  Many that see it were better at home.

[Illustration]

  J Was a Joiner and built him a house,
  A little time after there came in a mouse.

[Illustration]

  K Was a King, who would drink and carouse,
  Affrighted was he at a stand and a mouse.

[Illustration]

  L Was a Lady that lov'd a fine tree,
  Though none understood it so little as she.

[Illustration]

  M Was a Merchant to foreign lands gone.
  To bring home fine tea and rich silks anon.

[Illustration]

  N Was a Noble of birth and high power,
  To the poor most gentle, to the haughty most sour.

[Illustration]

  O With her Oysters, a delicate cry.
  Come buy my sweet Oyster, come buy, come buy.

[Illustration]

  P Was a Parson, and wore a black gown,
  For goodness and virtue of high renown.

[Illustration]

  Q Was a Quaker, both stiff and upright,
  In yea and nay they chiefly delight.

[Illustration]

  R Was a Robber on the highway,
  For which he's been hung this many a day.

[Illustration]

  S Was a Sailor and liv'd in a ship,
  He made the Spaniards and French for to skip.

[Illustration]

  T Was Tom Tinker and mended a kettle,
  While he was hammering was deaf as a beetle.

[Illustration]

  U Was an Undertaker at work for his bread.
  The living must pay, though he works for the dead.

[Illustration]

  V Was a Vintner that loved his pottle,
  Went seldom to bed without his full bottle.

[Illustration]

  W Was a Watchman, to guard the warehouse,
  That rogues did not strip it of every souse.

[Illustration]

  X Was expensive, and so became poor,
  With his little dog begged from door to door.

[Illustration]

  Y Was a Youngster that lov'd not his school,
  But trundled his hoop though out of all rule.

[Illustration]

  Z Was a Zany that look'd like a fool,
  With his long tassell'd cap he was the boy's fool.


  And when your great letters you know,
  Then I'll teach you the small ones also.

[Illustration]


Printed by J. Catnach.




  THE Tragical Death
  OF AN _Apple Pie_,

  [Illustration]

  Who was Cut to Pieces
  AND EATEN BY
  _Twenty-Five Gentlemen_,
  WITH WHOM
  All Little People
  OUGHT TO BE ACQUAINTED

  PRINTED BY J. PAUL & Co.,
  LONDON;
  _2 & 3, Monmouth Court_.


[Illustration]

  An apple pie when it looks nice,
  Would make one long to have a slice,
  And if its taste should prove so too,
  I fear one slice would scarcely do,
  So to prevent my asking twice,
  Pray mamma, cut a good large slice.

[Illustration]


THE LIFE AND DEATH OF AN APPLE PIE.

[Illustration]

A

An Apple-pie.

B

Bit it.

[Illustration]

C

Cut it.

D

Dealt it.

[Illustration]

E

Did eat it.

F

Fought for it.

[Illustration]

G

Got it.

H

Had it.

[Illustration]

J

Join'd for it.

K

Kept it.

[Illustration]

L

Long'd for it.

M

Mourned for it.

[Illustration]

N

Nodded at it.

O

Open'd it.

[Illustration]

P

Peeped into it.

Q

Quartered it.

[Illustration]

R

Ran for it.

S

Stole it.

[Illustration]

T

Took it.

V

View'd it.

[Illustration]

W

Wanted it.

XYZ and & All wished for a piece in hand.


[Illustration]

  At last they every one agreed,
  Upon the apple pie to feed;
  But as there seem'd to be so many,
  Those who were last might not have any,
  Unless some method there was taken
  That every one might have their bacon,
  They all agreed to stand in order,
  Around the apple pie's fine border,
  Take turn as they in hornbook stand
  From great A down to &,
  In equal parts the pie divide,
  As you may see on the other side.

[Illustration]


_A curious Discourse that passed between the Twenty-five Letters at dinner
time._


  A 1. Says, A, give me a good large slice.
  B 2. Says B, a little bit but nice.
  C 3. Says C, cut me a piece of crust.
  D 4. Take it, says D, 'tis dry as dust.
  E 5. Says E, I'll eat it fast, who will?
  F 6. Says F, I vow I'll have my fill.
  G 7. Says G, give it me both good and great.
  H 8. Says H, a little bit I hate.
  I 9. Says I, I love the juice the best.
  K 10. And K, the very same confess'd.
  L 11. Says L, there's nothing more I love.
  M 12. Says M, it makes your teeth to move.
  N 13. N notic'd what the others said,
  O 14. O, others plates with grief survey'd.
  P 15. P prais'd the cook up to the life.
  Q 16. Q quarrell'd because he'd a bad knife.
  R 17. Says R, it runs short I'm afraid.
  S 18. S, silent sat and nothing said.
  T 19. T, thought that talking might lose time.
  U 20. U understood it at meals a crime.
  W 21. W wish'd there had been a quince in.
  X 22. Says X, those cooks there's no convincing.
  Y 23 Says Y, I'll eat, let others wish.
  Z 24. Z sat as mute as any fish.
  & 25. While & he lick'd the dish.


Having concluded their discourse and dinner together, I have nothing more
to add; but if my little readers are pleased with what they have found in
this book they have nothing to do but to run to J. Paul & Co's., 2, & 3,
Monmouth Court; 7 Dials, where they may have a great variety of books not
less entertaining than this of the same size and price.

[Illustration]

But that you may not think I leave you too abruptly, I here present you
with the picture of dame Dumpling, who made the Apple pie you have been
reading about; she has several more in her basket, and she promised that
if you are good children you shall never go to bed supperless while she
has one left. But as good people always ask a blessing, as a token that
you are good and deserve a pie, you must learn the two following Graces,
that one be said before your meals, and the other after.

       *       *       *       *       *

_Grace before Meat._

Good Lord, bless us, and these thy creatures, to our use, which we are
about to receive, of thy bounteous liberality, through Jesus Christ our
Lord. _Amen._


_Grace after Meat._

We thank thee, O Lord, for all the benefits of this time, and of our whole
lives. Make us thankful for all thy mercies now, and for evermore. _Amen._

[Illustration]


THE TEN COMMANDMENTS PUT INTO SHORT RHYME.

  1. Thou shalt have no other God but me.
  2. Before no idol bow thy knee.
  3. Take not the name of God it vain.
  4. Nor dare the Sabbath-day profane.
  5. Give both thy parents honour due.
  6. Take heed that thou no murder do.
  7. Abstain from words and deeds unclean.
  8. Steal not, tho' thou art poor and mean.
  9. Tell not a wilful lie, nor love it.
  10. What is thy neighbour's, dare not covet.

J. Paul & Co., Printers.




  OLD MOTHER HUBBARD
  AND HER WONDERFUL DOG.

  [Illustration]

  Old Mother Hubbard went to the cupboard
    To get the poor dog a bone;
  But when she came there the cupboard was bare,
    And so the poor dog had none.

  LONDON:
  Printed by J. CATNACH, 2 & 3, Monmouth Court, 7 Dials.


[Illustration]

  She went to the baker's to buy him some bread,
  When she came back the dog was dead.
  Ah! my poor dog, she cried, oh, what shall I do?
  You were always my pride--none equal to you.

[Illustration]

  She went to the undertaker's to buy him a coffin,
  When she came back, the dog was laughing.
  Now how this can be quite puzzles my brain,
  I am much pleased to see you alive once again.

[Illustration]

  She went to the barber's to buy him a wig,
  When she came back he was dancing a jig.
  O, you dear merry grig, how nicely you're prancing;
  Then she held up the wig, and he began dancing.

[Illustration]

  She went to the sempstress to buy him some linen,
  When she came back the dog was spinning.
  The reel, when 'twas done, was wove into a shirt,
  Which served to protect him from weather and dirt.

[Illustration]

  To market she went, to buy him some tripe,
  When she came back he was smoking his pipe.
  Why, sure, cried the dame, you'd beat the great Jocko.
  Who before ever saw a dog smoking tobacco?

[Illustration]

  She went to the alehouse to buy him some beer,
  When she came back he sat on a chair.
  Drink hearty, said Dame, there's nothing to pay,
  'Twill banish your sorrow and moisten your clay.

[Illustration]

  She went to the fruiterer's to buy him some fruit,
  When she came back he was playing the flute.
  Oh, you musical dog, you surely can speak:
  Come, sing me a song, then he set up a squeak.

[Illustration]

  She went to the tavern for white wine and red,
  When she came back he stood on his head.
  This is odd, said the dame, for fun you seem bred,
  One would almost believe you'd wine in your head.

[Illustration]

  The dog he cut capers, and turned out his toes,
  'Twill soon cure the vapours, he such attitude shows.
  The dame made a curtsey, the dog made a bow,
  The dame said, Your servant, the dog said Bow wow.

[Illustration]




  THE Royal Book.

  [Illustration]

  OF Nursery Rhymes.

  A present for little Masters and Misses.
  A Good Book to Instruct and Amuse.

  [Illustration]

  Pussy-Cat, pussy-cat, where have you been?
  I've been up to London to look at the queen.
  Pussy-cat, pussy-cat, what did you there?
  I frighten'd a little mouse under the chair.

  London:
  Published by RYLE and PAUL,
  2 & 3, Monmouth Court, Seven Dials.


NURSERY RHYMES.

[Illustration]

  See-saw, sacradown,
  Which is the way to London town?
  One foot up, and the other down,
  And that is the way to London town.

[Illustration]

  Hey diddle, the cat and the fiddle,
    The cow jumped over the moon.
  The little dog laughed to see the sport,
    And the dish ran away with the spoon.

  Ding, dong, bell!
  Pussy's in the well.
  Who put her in?
  Little Johnny Green.
  Who pulled her out?
  Little Johnny Snout,
  What a naughty boy was that,
  To drown poor pussy cat,
  Who never did him any harm,
  And kill'd the mice in his father's barn.

[Illustration]

  Jack and Jill went up the hill,
    To get a pail of water:
  Jack fell down and broke his crown,
    And Jill came tumbling after.

[Illustration]

  Cock a doodle do,
  The dame has lost her shoe,
  And master's lost his fiddle stick
  And don't know what to do.

  Simple Simon met a pieman,
    Going to the fair!
  Says Simple Simon to the pieman,
    Let me taste your ware.

[Illustration]

  Says the pieman unto Simon
    First give me a penny;
  Says Simple Simon to the pieman,
    I have not got any.

  Once Simon made a great snow ball
    And brought it in to roast,
  He laid it down before the fire,
    And soon the ball was lost.

[Illustration]

  He went to ride a spotted cow,
    That had a little calf,
  She threw him down upon the ground
    And made all the people laugh.

  Now Simple Simon went a fishing,
    For to catch a whale,
  But all the water he had got
    Was in his mother's pail.

[Illustration]

  He went to catch a dickey bird
    And thought he could not fail
  Because he had a bit of salt,
    To put upon his tail.

  He went to see if cherries ripe,
    Did grow upon a thistle,
  He pricked his finger very much,
    Which made poor Simon whistle.

[Illustration]

  He went to take a bird's nest,
    'Twas built upon a bough,
  A branch gave way, down Simon fell
    Into a dirty slough.

  Simon was sent to market,
    To buy a joint of meat,
  He tied it to his horse's tail,
    To keep it clean and sweet.

[Illustration]

  He went to slide upon the ice,
    Before the ice would bear,
  Then he plunged in above his knees,
    Which made poor Simon stare.

  He went to shoot a wild duck,
    But the duck flew away,
  Says Simon I can't hit him,
    Because he would not stay.

[Illustration]

  Then Simple Simon went a hunting,
    For to catch a hare,
  He rode an ass about the street,
    But could not find one there.

  He went for water in a seive,
    But soon it all run through,
  And went all o'er his clothes,
    Which made poor Simon rue.

[Illustration]

  He washed himself with blacking ball,
    Because he had no soap,
  And then said to his mother
    I'm a beauty now I hope.

  He went to eat some honey,
    Out of the mustard pot,
  It bit his tongue until he cried,
    That was all the good he got.

[Illustration]

Simple Simon cutting his mother's bellows open to see where the wind lay.


JACK JINGLE.

[Illustration]

  Little Jack Jingle,
  Played truant at school,
  They made his bum tingle
  For being a fool;
  He promised no more
  Like a fool he would look
  But be a good boy and attend to his book.

[Illustration]

  See little Jack Jingle
    Learning his task,
  He's a very good boy,
    If the neighbours should ask,
  To school he does run,
    And no truant does play,
  But when school is done,
    He can laugh and be gay.

[Illustration]

  Here sulky Sue,
    What shall we do.
  Turn her face to the wall,
    Till she comes to;
  If that should fail,
    A touch with the cane
  Will do her good,
    When she feels the pain.

[Illustration]

  Now Suky never pouts,
    Never frowns, never flouts,
  But reads her book with glee,
    Then dances merrily,
    No girl so good as she,
    In all the country;
  Cheerfully doth all things do,
  She lost the name of sulky Sue.

[Illustration]

  Jack Jingle went 'prentice,
    To make a horse-shoe,
  He wasted the iron,
    Till it would not do,
  His master came in,
    And began for to rail;
  Says Jack, the shoe's spoil'd,
    But 'twill still make a nail.

[Illustration]

  Little Jack Jingle,
    Went to court Suky Shingle,
  Says he, shall we mingle
    Our toes in the bed;
  Fye! Jacky Jingle,
    Says little Suke Shingle,
  We must try to mingle,
    Our pence for some bread.

[Illustration]

  Suke Shingle when young,
    Did what others have done,
  She could dirty two clouts,
    While her mother wash'd one.
  But now grown a stout wench,
    With her pail and her mop,
  If she don't clean the board,
    She can make a great slop.

[Illustration]

  Suky you shall be my wife,
    And I'll tell you why;
  I have got a little pig,
    And you have got a sty;
  I have got a dun cow,
    And you can make good cheese,
  Suky will you have me?
    Say yes, if you please.


DEATH & BURIAL OF COCK ROBIN.

[Illustration]

  Who kill'd Cock Robin?
    I said the sparrow,
    With my bow and arrow.
  I kill'd Cock Robin.

  Who caught his blood?
    I, said the fish,
    With my little dish--
  I caught his blood.

[Illustration]

  This is the fish
  That held the dish.

  Who saw him die?
    I, said the fly
    With my little eye--
  I saw him die.

[Illustration]

  This is the fly
  That saw him die.

  Who made his shroud?
    I, said the beetle,
    With my little needle--
  I made his shroud.

[Illustration]

  This is the beetle,
  With his little needle.

  Who'll be the Parson?
    I, said the rook,
    With my little book--
  I will be the Parson.

[Illustration]

  Here is Parson Rook,
  Reading his book.

  Who'll carry the coffin?
    I, said the Kite,
    If it's not in the night--
  I'll carry the coffin.

[Illustration]

  Behold the Kite,
  How he takes his flight.

  Who'll be the clerk?
    I, said the Lark,
    If its not in the dark--
  I will be the clerk.

[Illustration]

  Behold how the Lark,
  Says Amen like a clerk.

  Who will carry the link?
    I, said the linnet:
    I'll fetch it in a minute--
  I will carry the link.

[Illustration]

  The Linnet with a light,
  Altho' it is not night.


LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD.

[Illustration]

  And now her riding hood is on,
    How pretty she does look;
  _Mamma_ made it to keep her warm
    Because she learn'd her book;
  So be good girls all who hear this
    And boys be good also,
  And your _Mammas_ will give you all
    Great coats and hoods, I know.

[Illustration]

  You see this pot of butter nice,
    And likewise this plum-cake,
  Which little _Biddy's_ dear _mamma_
    For _grandmamma_ did make:
  Who lived in a little house,
    A mile or two away,
  And _Red Riding Hood_ must take them,
    To _Grandmamma_ next day

[Illustration]

  The morning come--the hood put on,
  The pot and cake she took,
  _Biddy_, good bye--good bye, _mamma_
    And then her hand she shook:
  And so set off for _grandmamma's_
    _Mamma_ stood at the door,
  And watched her little _Biddy_ till
    She could see her no more.

[Illustration]

  Now in the road to _grandma's_ house,
    A lonesome wood there lay,
  And _Goffip Wolf_ popp'd from a bush,
    And stopp'd her in the way
  He was a fierce and cruel beast,
    And would have eat her there,
  But turning of his head about,
    He found he did not dare.

[Illustration]

  I'm going to my _grandmamma's_,
    She is not very well,
  With cake and pot of butter;
    Says _Wolf_ where does she dwell?
  In yonder house, by yonder mill
    Good bye--I cannot stay--
  And with her pretty finger, she
    Pointed out the way.

[Illustration]

  The _Wolf_ got first to grandma's door,
    And knocked toc, toc, toc;
  Who is that, said _grandmamma_,
    That at the door doth knock;
  'Tis your _grandaughter_, said the _Wolf_
    And mimic'd Biddy's voice,
  _Mamma_ has sent you a plumb cake,
    And pot of butter nice.

[Illustration]

  Now _grandmamma_ being very ill,
    She on the bed did lie,
  And called out, the bobbin pull,
    And up the latch will fly;
  The bobbin pull'd, up flew the latch,
    The _Wolf_ popp'd in his head
  And soon he eat up _grandmamma_
    And then got into bed.

[Illustration]

  Toc, toc, toc, at _grandma's_ door
    Knocked _Little Red Riding Hood_,
  Who's there, says _Wolf_, and with a voice,
    Like _grandma's_ as he could;
  'Tis your _grandaughter_, little _Bid_
    With cake and pot of butter;
  The bobbin pull, the latch will fly,
    The wicked _Wolf_ did mutter.


CINDERELLA.

[Illustration]

  Here Cinderella you may see
    A beauty bright and fair,
  Her real name was Helena,
    Few with her could compare
  Besides she was so very good,
    So affable and mild,
  She learned to pray and read her book,
    Like a very good child.

[Illustration]

  Her mother-in-law you see,
    One of the worst of hags,
  Who made her do all drudgery work.
    And clothed her in rags;
  And after she had done her work,
    Her mother-in-law would tell her
  The cinders she might sit among,
    Then call'd her Cinderella.

[Illustration]

  These are her two sisters-in-law,
    Both deformed & ordinary,
  Altho' they dress as fine as queens,
    Which you may think extraordinary;
  But neither of them scarce can read,
    Nor pray to God to bless'em
  They only know to patch and paint,
    And gaudily to dress'em,

[Illustration]

  This is the king's fine gallant son,
    Young, handsome, straight and tall
  He invited all the ladies round
    For to dance at his ball;
  Which when the ugly sisters heard
    They dress'd themselves so fine,
  And off they set, being resolv'd
    At this grand ball to shine.

[Illustration]

  Her god-mother came to lend her aid,
    And her power is not small
  To help her god-daughter to go
    To this fine prince's ball.
  This coach was once a pumpkin,
    By the fairy changed from that,
  The footmen once were lizards green,
    The coachman once a rat.

[Illustration]

  Now having danced with the prince,
    He led her to her place,
  While all the ladies at the ball
    Envied her handsome face;
  Behold the clock now striking twelve,
    Out Cinderella run,
  And happily got out of door
    Just as the clock had done.

[Illustration]

  But in her haste to get away,
    One of her slippers fell,
  Which the young prince himself pick'd up,
    And it pleased him so well,
  That straight he offer'd a reward,
    It was ten thousand pound,
  To any person that could tell
    Where the owner could be found.

[Illustration]

  And now the sisters tried in vain
    The slipper to get on;
  Said Cinderella, let me try,
    Dear sisters, when you've done;
  She tried, and on it went with ease
    To the foot of Cinderella,
  Said She, I think the slipper's mine,
    See here I've got the fellow.


THE CHILD'S NEW YEAR'S GIFT.

[Illustration]

_A pair of Spectacles._

  Without a bridle or a saddle,
  Across a thing I ride and straddle.
  And those I ride by help of me,
  Tho' almost blind are made to see.

[Illustration]

_A pair of Stays._

  My legs I can venture,
    To say within bound,
  Are twelve, if not more,
    Tho' they ne'er touch the ground;
  If you search for my eyes,
    More than thirty you'll find
  And strange to be told
    They are always behind.

[Illustration]

_A Pin._

  And tho' I'm a brazen-fac'd sharper at best,
  No lady without my aid can be drest,
  When I'm wanted, I'm dragg'd by the head to my duty
  And am doomed to be slave to the dress of a beauty.

[Illustration]

_A letter M._

  I'm found in most countries,
    Yet not in earth or sea,
  I am in all timber,
    Yet not in any tree,
  I am in all metals,
    Yet, as I am told,
  I am not in iron, lead,
    Brass, silver, nor gold.

[Illustration]

_A Pair of Snuffers._

  A mouth I have got, that's not whiter than ink.
  And all I devour doth most nauseously stink;
  So much valued am I, that by none I'm refused,
  And the light shines the brighter whenever I'm used.

[Illustration]

_A Watch._

  My form is beauteous to allure the sight
  My habit gay, of colour gold & white,
  When ladies take the air, it is my pride,
  To walk with equal paces by their side,
  I near their persons constantly remain,
  A favourite slave, bound in a golden chain.

[Illustration]

_A Wheelbarrow._

  No mouth, no eyes, nor yet a nose,
  Two arms, two feet, and as it goes,
  The feet don't touch the ground,
  But all the way the head runs round.

  And tho' I can both speak and go alone,
  Yet are my motions to myself unknown.

[Illustration]

_A Salamander._

  What all consumes best pleases me,
  I covet that which others flee,
  Strange thing to tell, unhurt I lie
  And live, where all the world would die.

Printed by A. Ryle & Paul.




  THE GOOD CHILD'S
  ILLUSTRATED
  ALPHABET
  OR FIRST BOOK.

  [Illustration]

  LONDON:
  Published by RYLE & PAUL,
  2 & 3, Monmouth Court, Seven Dials.


[Illustration: A]

  Was an Archer,
  Who shot at a frog.

[Illustration: B]

  Was a Butcher,
  And kept a great dog.

[Illustration: C]

  Was a Captain,
  All covered with lace.

[Illustration: D]

  Was a Drunkard
  And had a red face.

[Illustration: E]

  Was an Esquire,
  With insolent brow.

[Illustration: F]

  Was a Farmer, And
  Followed the plough.

[Illustration: G]

  Was a Gamester,
  Who had but ill-luck.

[Illustration: H]

  Was a Huntsman,
  And hunted a buck.

[Illustration: I]

  Was an Inn-keeper,
  Who loved to bouse.

[Illustration: J]

  Was a Joiner,
  And built up a house.

[Illustration: K]

  Was King William,
  Once governed this land.

[Illustration: L]

  Was a Lady, who
  Had a white hand.

[Illustration: M]

  Was a Miser,
  And hoarded up gold.

[Illustration: N]

  Was a Nobleman,
  Gallant and bold.

[Illustration: O]

  Was an Oyster-wench,
  And went about town.

[Illustration: P]

  Was a Parson, and
  Wore a black gown.

[Illustration: Q]

  Was a Queen,
  Who was fond of flip.

[Illustration: R]

  Was a Robber,
  And wanted a whip.

[Illustration: S]

  Was a Sailor,
  Who spent all he got.

[Illustration: T]

  Was a Tinker,
  And mended a pot.

[Illustration: U]

  Was a Usurer,
  A miserly elf.

[Illustration: V]

  Was a Vinter, who
  Drank all himself.

[Illustration: W]

  Was a Watchman,
  And guarded the door.

[Illustration: X]

  Was Expensive,
  And so became poor.

[Illustration: Y]

  Was a Youth,
  Who did not love school.

[Illustration: Z]

  Was a Zany,
  A silly old fool.


THE ALPHABET.

The Letters promiscuously arranged.

  D B C F G E H A X U Y M V
  W N K P J O Z Q I S L T R

  z w x o c l y b b f p s m q n v h
  k r t g e j a u i

Double and Triple Letters.

  fi fl ff ffi ffl
  fi fl fff ffi fl

Diphthongs, &c.

  AE OE ae oe & &c.
  AE OE ae oe and _et caetera_

Arabic Numerals.

  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Roman Numerals.

  I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX.
  X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV.

[Illustration]




  THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES
  OF DICK TURPIN.

  [Illustration]

  London: W. S. FORTEY, PRINTER & PUBLISHER,
  MONMOUTH COURT, BLOOMSBURY, W.C.


THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF DICK TURPIN.

RICHARD TURPIN was born at Hempstead, in Essex, where his father kept the
sign of the Bell; and after being the usual time at school, he was bound
apprentice to a butcher in Whitechapel, but did not serve out his time,
for his master discharged him for impropriety of conduct, which was not in
the least diminished by his parents' indulgence in supplying him with
money, which enabled him to cut a figure round the town, among the blades
of the road and the turf, whose company he usually kept.

His friends, thinking that marriage would reclaim him, persuaded him to
marry, which he did with one Hester Palmer, of East Ham in Essex, but he
had not long been married before he became acquainted with a gang of
thieves, whose depredations terrified the whole county of Essex, and the
neighbourhood of London. He joined sheep stealing to foot-pad robbery; and
was at last obliged to fly from his place of residence for stealing a
young heifer, which he killed and cut up for sale.

Soon after, he stole two oxen from one Farmer Giles, of Plaistow, and
drove them to a Butcher's slaughtering house, near Waltham Abbey.

He was followed there, but made his escape out of the window of the house
where he was, just as they were entering the door.

He now retreated into the Hundreds of Essex, where he found more security:
he adopted a new scheme; and that was to rob the smugglers, but he took
care not to attack a gang, only solitary travellers, this he did with a
colour of justice, for he pretended to have a deputation from the Customs,
and demanded their property in the king's name.

He again joined the gang with whom he had before connected himself, the
principal part of those depredations were committed upon Epping Forest,
&c.

But this soon becoming an object of magisterial enquiry, he again returned
to the solitude of the country, with some more of the gang, and they
became notorious deer-stealers, and Turpin being a good shot, sent many a
buck up to his connections in London.

  DICK TURPIN.                                   3

They next determined to commence house-breakers; and in this they were
much encouraged by joining with Gregory's gang, as it was then called, a
company of desparadoes that made the Essex and adjacent roads very
dangerous to travel.

Somehow or other, Turpin became acquainted with the circumstances of an
old woman, that lived at Laughton, that kept a great quantity of cash by
her; whereupon they agreed to rob her; and when they came to the door,
Wheeler knocked and Turpin and the rest forcing their way into the house,
blindfolded the eyes of the old woman and her maid, and tied the legs of
her son to the bedstead, but not finding the wished-for booty, they held a
consultation, as they were certain she must have a considerable sum
concealed. Turpin told her he knew she had money, and it was in vain to
deny it, for have it they would. The old lady persisted that she had none,
but Turpin insisting she had money, he swore he would put her on the fire.
She continued obstinate and endured for some time, when they took her off
the grate, and robbed her of all they could find, upwards of four hundred
pounds.

They next proceeded into Surrey, where Turpin and his company robbed Mr.
Sheldon's house, near Croydon Church, where they arrived about seven
o'clock in the evening. They secured the coachman in the stable. His
master hearing some strange voices in the yard, was proceeding to know the
cause, when he was met by Turpin, who seizing hold of him compelled him to
show them the way into the house, when he secured the door, and confined
the rest of the family in one room, here they found but little plate and
no cash. From Mr. Sheldon's person they took eleven guineas, two of which
Turpin returned him, begged pardon for what they had done, and wished him
a good night.

These robberies hitherto had been carried on entirely on foot, with only
the occasional assistance of a hackney coach but now they aspired to
appear on horse-back, for which purpose they hired horses at the Old
Leaping Bar in Holborn, from whence they set out about two o'clock in the
afternoon, and arrived at the Queen's Head, Stanmore, where they staid to
regale themselves. It was by this means that Wood, the master of the
horse, had so good an opportunity of observing the horses, as to remember
the same again when he saw them afterwards in Bloomsbury, where they were
taken. About five they went from Mr. Wood's to Stanmore and staid from six
until seven and then went together for Mr. Lawrence's, about a mile from
thence, where they got about half-past seven. On their arrival at Mr.
Lawrence's they alighted from their horses at the gate; whereupon Fielder
knocked at the door, and calling out Mr. Lawrence. The man servant
thinking it to be some of the neighbours, opened the door, upon which they
all rushed in with pistols, and seizing Mr.

  4                                    DICK TURPIN

[Illustration]

Lawrence and his man, threw a cloth over their faces then fell to rifling
their pockets, out of which they took one guinea, and about fifteen
shillings in silver, with his keys. They said they must have more, and
drove Mr. Lawrence up stairs, where coming to a closet, they broke open
the door, and took out from thence two guineas, ten shillings, a silver
cup, 13 silver spoons, and two gold rings. They then rifled the house of
all they could get, linen, table cloths, shirts, and the sheets off the
bed, and trod the beds under feet, to discover if any money was concealed
therein. Suspecting there was more money in the house, they then brought
Mr. Lawrence down again, and threatened to cut his throat, and Fielder put
a knife to it, as though he intended to do it; to make him confess what
money was in the house. One of them took a chopping bill, and threatened
to cut off his leg: they then broke his head with their pistols, and
dragged him about by the hair of his head. Another of them took the kettle
off the fire, and flung it upon him; but it did no other harm just wetting
him, because the maid had just before taken out the greater part of the
boiling water, and filled it again with cold. After this they dragged him
about again, swearing they would "do for him" if he did not immediately
inform them where the rest of the money was hid. They then proceeded to
make a further search; and then withdrew; threatening to return again in
half an hour, and kill every one

  DICK TURPIN.                                   5

[Illustration]

they found loose. So saying they locked them in the parlour and threw the
keys down the area.

Turpin by this robbery got but little, for out of the 26_l_, they took in
the whole, he distributed it among them all but three guineas and six
shillings and six pence.

A proclamation was issued for the apprehension of the offenders, and a
pardon and 50_l_ was offered to any of the party who would impeach his
accomplices, which however, had no effect. The white Hart in Drury-lane
was their place of rendezvous. Here they planned their nightly visits, and
here they divided their spoil, and spent the money they acquired.

The robbery being stated to the officers of Westminster, Turpin set off to
Alton, where he met with an odd encounter, which got him the best
companion he ever had, as he often declared. King, the highwayman, as he
was returning from this place to London, being well dressed and mounted,
Turpin seeing him have the appearance of a substantial gentleman, rode up
to him, and thinking him a fair mark, bid him stand and deliver, and
therewith producing his pistols, King fell a laughing at him, and said
"what dog rob dog! Come, come, brother Turpin, if you don't know me, I
know you, and shall be glad of your company." After a mutual communication
of circumstances to each other, they agreed to keep company, and divide
good or ill fortune as the trumps might turn up. In fact King was true to
him to the last, which was for more than three years.

They met with various fortunes; but being too well known to

  6                                   DICK TURPIN.

remain long in one place, and as no house that knew them would receive
them in it, they formed the resolution of making themselves a cave,
covered with bevins and earth, and for that purpose pitched upon a
convenient place, enclosed with a thicket, situated on the Waltham side of
Epping, near the sign of the King's Oak.

In this place Turpin lived, ate, drank, and lay, for the space of six
years, during the first three of which he was enlivened by the drollery of
his companion, Tom King, who was a fellow of infinite humour in telling
stories, and of an unshaken resolution in attack or defence.

One day, as they were spying from their cave, they discovered a gentleman
riding by, that King knew very well to be a rich merchant near Gresham
College. This gentleman was in his chariot, and wife with him; his name
was Bradele. King first attacked him on the Laughton road; but he being a
man of great spirit, offered to make resistence, thinking there was but
one; upon which King called Turpin, and bid him hold the horses' heads.
They proceeded first to take his money, which he readily parted with, but
demurred a good while about his watch, being the dying bequest of his
father. King was insisting to take it away, when Turpin interposed, and
said, they were more gentlemen than to deprive anyone of their friend's
respect which they wore about them, and bid King desist from his demand.

On the day after this transaction they went to the Red Lion ale house, in
Aldersgate street, where they had not been more than half an hour, when
Turpin heard of the approach of the chief constable and his party; they
mounted each their horse; but before King could get fairly seated he was
seized by one of the party, and called on Dick to fire. Turpin replied,
"If I do, I shall hit you." "Fire, if you are my friend." said
King--Turpin fired, but the ill-fated ball took effect in King's breast.
Dick stood a moment in grief, but self-preservation made him urge his mare
forward to elude his pursuers; it was now he resolved on a journey to
York, and raising himself in his saddle, he said, "By G--, I will do it."
Encouraged by "Harkaway Bess," she flew on.

Astonishing to relate, he reached York the same evening and was noticed
playing at bowls in the bowling-green with several gentlemen there, which
circumstance saved him from the hands of justice for a time. His pursuers
coming up and seeing Turpin, knew him; and caused him to be taken into
custody; one of them swore to him and the horse he rode on, which was the
identical one he arrived upon in that city; but on being in the stable,
and its rider at play, and all in the space of four-and-twenty hours, his
alibi was admitted; for the magistrates of York could not believe it
possible for one horse to cover the ground, being upwards of 190 miles, in
so short a space.

  DICK TURPIN.                                   7

For the last two years of his life he seems to have confined his residence
to the county of York, where he appears to be a little known. He often
accompanied the neighbouring gentlemen in their parties of hunting and
shooting; and one evening, on a return from an expedition of the latter
kind, he saw one of his landlord's cocks in the street, which he shot.

The next day Mr. Hall received a letter from Robert Appleton, Long Sutton,
with this account:--that the said John Palmer had lived there about three
quarters of a year, and had before that been once apprehended, and made
his escape, and that they had a strong suspicion he was guilty of
horse-stealing.

Another information gave notice, that he had stolen a horse from Captain
Dawson, of Ferraby; his horse was that which Turpin rode on when he came
to Beverley, and which he stole from off Hickinton Fen in Lincolnshire.

He wrote to his father upon being convicted, to use his interest to get
him off for transportation, but his fate was at hand, his notoriety caused
application to be ineffectual.

After he had been in prison five months, he was removed from Beverley to
York Castle to take his trial. When on his trial his case seemed much to
affect the hearers. He had two trials, upon both of which he was convicted
upon the fullest evidence. After a long trial the Jury brought in their
Verdict and found him Guilty.

He was carried in a cart to the place of execution, on Saturday, April,
7th, 1739. He behaved himself with amazing assurance and bowed to the
spectators as he passed. It was remarkable that as he mounted the ladder,
his right leg trembled, on which he stamped it down with an air, and with
undaunted courage looked round about him; and after speaking near half an
hour to the topman, threw himself off the ladder, and expired in about
five minutes.

[Illustration]

W. S. Fortey, Printer, Monmouth Court, Bloomsbury.


  "THE CATNACH PRESS,"
  (ESTABLISHED 1813.)

  WILLIAM S. FORTEY,
  (Sole Successor to the late J. Catnach.)
  Printer, Publisher,
  AND WHOLESALE STATIONER,
  2 & 3, MONMOUTH COURT,
  SEVEN DIALS, LONDON, W.C.

  The Cheapest and Greatest Variety in the Trade
  of Large Coloured Penny Books; Halfpenny
  Coloured Books; Farthing Books; Penny and
  Halfpenny Panoramas; School Books; Penny and
  Halfpenny Song Books; Memorandum Books; Poetry
  Cards; Lotteries; Ballads (4000) and Hymns;
  Valentines; Scripture Sheets; Christmas Pieces;
  Twelfth Night Characters; Carols; Book and
  Sheet Almanacks, Envelopes, Note Paper, &c.

  W. S. FORTEY begs to inform his Friends and the Public
  generally, that after 19 years service he has succeeded
  to the business of his late employers (A. Ryle & Co.),
  and intends carrying on the same, trusting that his
  long experience will be a recommendation, and that no
  exertion shall be wanting on his part to merit a
  continuance of those favours that have been so
  liberally bestowed on that Establishment during the
  last 46 years.

  1859.




[Illustration]

THE LONG SONG-SELLER.

SONGS AND SONG LITERATURE.

  "Old songs, old songs--what heaps I knew,
   From 'Chevy Chase' to 'Black-eyed Sue';
   From 'Flow, thou regal, purple stream,'
   To 'Rousseau's melancholy Dream!'
   I loved the pensive 'Cabin Boy,'
   With earnest truth and real joy.
   To greet 'Tom Bowling' and 'Poor Jack';
   And, oh! 'Will Watch,' the 'Smuggler' bold,
   My plighted troth thou'lt ever hold."
                                    ELIZA COOK.


"Songs! Songs! Songs! Beautiful songs! Love songs! Newest songs! Old
songs! Popular songs! Songs, _Three Yards a Penny_!" was a "standing dish"
at the "Catnach Press," and Catnach was the Leo X. of street publishers.
And it is said that he at one time kept a fiddler on the premises, and
that he used to sit receiving ballad-writers and singers, and judging of
the merits of any production which was brought to him, by having it sung
then and there to some popular air played by his own fiddler, and so that
the ballad-singer should be enabled to start at once, not only with the
new song, but also the tune to which it was adapted. His broad-sheets
contain all sorts of songs and ballads, for he had a most catholic taste,
and introduced the custom of taking from any writer, living or dead,
whatever he fancied, and printing it side by side with the productions of
his own clients.

He naturally had a bit of a taste for old ballads, music, and song
writing; and in this respect he was far in advance of many of his
contemporaries. To bring within the reach of all the standard and popular
works of the day, had been the ambition of the elder Catnach; whilst the
son was, _nolens volens_, incessant in his endeavours in trying to
promulgate and advance, not the beauty, elegance, and harmony which
pervades many of our national airs and ballad poetry, but very often the
worst and vilest of each and every description--in other words, those most
suitable for street-sale. His stock of songs was very like his customers,
diversified. There were all kinds, to suit all classes. Love, sentimental,
and comic songs were so interwoven as to form a trio of no ordinary amount
of novelty. At ordinary times, when the Awfuls and Sensationals were flat,
Jemmy did a large stroke of business in this line.

It is said that when the "Songs--_Three-yards-a-penny_"--first came out
and had all the attractions of novelty, some men sold twelve or fourteen
dozen on fine days during three or four of the summer months, so clearing
between 6s. and 7s. a day, but on the average about 25s. a week profit.
The "long songs," however, have been quite superseded by the "Monster"
and "Giant Penny Song Books." Still there are a vast number of half-penny
ballad-sheets worked off, and in proportion to their size, far more than
the "Monsters" or "Giants."

As a rule there are but two songs printed on the half-penny
ballad-sheets--generally a new and popular song with another older ditty,
or a comic and sentimental, and "adorned" with two woodcuts. These are
selected without any regard as to their fitness to the subject, and in
most cases have not the slightest reference to the ballad of which they
form the head-piece. For instance:--"The Heart that can feel for another"
is illustrated by a gaunt and savage looking lion; "When I was first
Breeched," by an engraving of a Highlander _sans culotte_; "The Poacher"
comes under the cut of a youth with a large watering-pot, tending flowers;
"Ben Block" is heralded by the rising sun; "The London Oyster Girl," by
Sir Walter Raleigh; "The Sailor's Grave," by the figure of Justice; "Alice
Grey" comes under the very dilapidated figure of a sailor, or "Jolly Young
Waterman;" "Bright Hours are in store for us yet" is _headed_ with a
_tail-piece_ of an urn, on which is inscribed FINIS! "The Wild Boar Hunt,"
by two wolves chasing a deer; "The Dying Child to its Mother," by an Angel
appearing to an old man; "Autumn Leaves lie strew'd around," by a ship in
full sail; "Cherry Ripe," by Death's Head and Cross Bones; "Jack at the
Windlass," falls under a Roadside Inn; while "William Tell" is presented
to the British public in form and style of an old woman nursing an infant
of squally nature. Here follow a few examples of the style, also that of
some of the ballad-sheets: together with various _verbatim_ imprints used
by "THE CATNACH PRESS," chronologically arranged from _circa_ 1813 to the
present time.


[Illustration]

  THE GALLANT _SAILOR_.

  London:
  Printed by J. Catnach, and sold Wholesale and Retail at
  No. 60, Wardour Street, Soho Square.

  Farewell thou dear and Gallant Sailor,
    Since thou and I have parted been,
  Be thou constant and true hearted,
    And I will be the same to thee.

  CHORUS.

  May the winds and waves direct thee,
    To some wishful port design'd,
  If you love me, don't deceive me,
    But let your heart be as true as mine.

      *       *       *       *       *

  When oft times my fancy tells me,
    That in battle thou art slain,
  With true love I will requite thee,
  When thou dost return again.
                    May the winds, &c.


[Illustration]

O RARE TURPIN.

  Printed by J. Catnach, 2, Monmouth Court, 7 Dials.
  Sold by J. Sharman, Cambridge, Bennet, Brighton; & R. Harris, Salisbury.

  As I was riding over Hunslow Moor,
  There I saw a lawyer riding before,
  And I asked him if he was not afraid,
  To meet bold Turpin that mischievous blade.
  CHORUS.--I asked him if he was not afraid,
  To meet bold Turpin that mischievous blade.
  Says Turpin to the lawyer and for to be cute,
  My money I have hid all in my boot,
  Says the lawyer to Turpin they mine can't find,
  For I have hid mine in the cape of my coat behind.
  I rode till I came to a powder mill,
  Where Turpin bid the lawyer for to stand still,
  For the cape of your coat it must come off,
  For my horse is in want of a new saddle cloth.
  Now Turpin robbed the lawyer of all his store,
  When that's gone he knows where to get more,
  And the very next town that you go in,
  Tell them you was robb'd by the bold Turpin.


[Illustration]

MOUNTAIN MAID.

  Printed by J. Catnach, 2, Monmouth Court, 7 Dials.
  Travellers and Shopkeepers supplied with Sheet Hymns. Patters, and Slip
  Songs as Cheap and Good as any Shop in London.

  The Mountain Maid from her bower has hied,
  And speed to the glassy river's side,
  Where the radiant mead shone clear and bright,
  And the willows wav'd in the silver light.
  On a mossy bank lay a shepherd swain,
  He woke his pipe to tuneful strain,
  And so blythely gay were the notes he play'd,
  That he charm'd the ear of the Mountain Maid.

  She step'd with timid fear oppress'd,
  While soft sighs swell her gentle breast,
  He caught her glance, and mark'd her sigh,
  And triumph laugh'd in his sparkling eye.
  So softly sweet was the tuneful ditty,
  He charmed her tender heart to pity;
  And so blithely gay were the notes he play'd,
  That he gain'd the heart of the Mountain Maid.


[Illustration]

MEET ME IN THE WILLOW GLEN

  J. Catnach, Printer, 2, Monmouth Court, 7 Dials. Cards, &c. Printed
  Cheap. [Symbol: Pointing hand] Country Shops and Travellers supplied.

  Meet me in the willow glen,
    Where the silvery moon is beaming,
  Songs of love I'll sing thee then,
    When all the world is dreaming.

  Meet me in the willow glen.
    When the silver moon is beaming,
  Songs of love I'll sing thee then,
    If you meet me in the willow glen.

  No prying eye shall come love.
    No stranger foot be seen.
  And the busy village hum, love,
    Shall echo through the glen.
                        Meet me, &c.


[Illustration]

  DRINK TO ME ONLY
  WITH THINE EYES.

  J. Catnach, Printer, 2, Monmouth Court, 7 Dials. Sold by W. Marshall.
  Sold by T. Pierce, Southborough. (Cards Printed Cheap.)

  Drink to me only with thine eyes,
    And I will pledge with mine,
  Or leave a kiss but in the cup,
    And I'll not look for wine;
  The thirst that from my soul doth rise,
    Doth ask a drink divine;
  But might I of Jove's nectar sip,
    I would not change for thine.


[Illustration]

The Mistletoe Bough

  Printed by J. Catnach, 2, Monmouth Court, 7 Dials. Sold by Pierce,
  Southborough, Bennet, Brighton; and Sharman, Cambridge.

  The mistletoe hung in the castle hall,
  The holly branch shone on the old oak wall,
  The baron's retainers were blithe and gay,
  And keeping their Christmas holiday.
  The baron beheld with a father's pride,
  His beautiful child, young Lovell's bride:
  While she with her bright eyes, seemed to be
  The star of the goodly company.
                    Oh! the mistletoe bough!

  "I'm weary of dancing now," she cried!
  "Here tarry a moment--I'll hide--I'll hide,
  And, Lovell, be sure thou'rt the first to trace
  The clue to my secret lurking place."
  Away she ran--and her friends began
  Each tower to search, and each nook to scan;
  And young Lovell cried, "Oh! where dost thou hide?
  I'm lonesome without thee, my own dear bride."
                    Oh! the mistletoe bough!


[Illustration]

  THE _Rose will Cease to Blow_.

  Printed by J. Catnach, 2, Monmouth Court, 7 Dials. Sold by T. Batchelor,
  14, Hackney Road Crescent; W. Marshall, Bristol. Sold by Bennet
  and Boyes, Brighton.

  The rose will cease to blow,
    The eagle turn a dove,
  The streams will cease to flow,
    Ere I will cease to love.

  The sun shall cease to shine,
    The world shall cease to move,
  The stars their light resign,
    Ere I will cease to love.


[Illustration]

  I'M A TOUGH
  True Hearted Sailor.

  J. Catnach, Printer, 2 & 3, Monmouth Court, 7 Dials, & at 14, Waterloo
  Road, (late Hill's). Country Shops, and Travellers supplied.

  I'm a tough true-hearted sailor,
    Careless and all that, d'ye see,
  Never at the times a railer--
    What is time or tide to me?
  All must die when fate must will it,
    Providence ordains it so;

  Every bullet has its billet,
    Man the boat, boys--Yeo, heave, yeo!

  Life's at best a sea of trouble,
    He who fears it is a dunce,
  Death, to me, an empty bubble,
    I can never die but once,
  Blood, if duty bids, I'll spill it,
    Yet I have a tear for woe,

        Every bullet has its billet, &c.


[Illustration]

WHEN BIBO THOUGHT FIT.

Printed and Sold by J. CATNACH, 2 & 3, Monmouth Court, 7 Dials.

  When Bibo thought fit from the world to retreat,
  As full of champagne as an egg's full of meat;
  He wak'd in the boat, and to Charon he said,
  He would be rowed back, for he was not yet dead.
  'Trim the boat, and sit quiet,' stern Charon replied--
  'You may have forgot--you were drunk when you died!'


[Illustration]

  THE SUN
  That Lights the ROSES.

  A. Ryle and Co., Printers, 2 & 3, Monmouth Court, Seven Dials, and 35,
  Hanover Street, Portsea, where upwards of 4000 different sorts of
  ballads are continually on sale together with 40 new penny song books.

  Tho' dimple cheeks may give delight
    Where rival beauties blossom;
  Th'o balmy lips to love invite,
    To extacy the bosom.
  Yet sweeter far yon summer sky,
    Whose blushing tints discloses,
  Give me the lustre beaming eye,
    The Sun that lights the Roses.


[Illustration]

  THE Woodpecker.

London:--Printed by J. Paul & Co., 2 & 3, Monmouth Court.

  I knew by the smoke that so gracefully curl'd
    Above the green elms, that a cottage was near,
  And I said if there's peace to be found it the world,
    A heart that is humble might hope for it here.

  CHORUS.

  Every leaf was at rest, and I heard not a sound,
  But the woodpecker tapping in the hollow beech tree.

  And here in this lone little wood, I exclaim'd,
    With a maid who was lovely to soul and to eye,
  Who would blush when I prais'd her, and weep if I blam'd,
    How blest could I live, and how calm could I die.
                                        Every leaf, &c.


[Illustration]

  YE Topers All.

  London:--Published by Ryle and Paul, 2 & 3, Monmouth Court, 7 Dials.
  Where an immense number of songs are always ready.

  Ye topers all drink to the soul,
    Of this right honest fellow;
  Who always loved a flowing bowl,
     And would in death be mellow.
  The lamp of life be kindled up,
     With spirit stout and glowing;
  His heart inspired thus with a cup,
     Ascends where nectar's flowing.


[Illustration]

Death of Nelson.

London:--Ryle & Co., Printers, 2 & 3, Monmouth Court, Bloomsbury.

RECITATIVE.

  O'er Nelson's tomb, with silent grief oppress'd
  Britannia mourns her hero now at rest.
  But these bright laurels ne'er shall fade with years,
  Whose leaves are water'd by a Nation's tears.

AIR.

  'Twas in Trafalgar's bay,
  We saw the Frenchmen lay,
    Each heart was bounding then;
  We scorned the foreign yoke--
  Our ships were British oak,
    And hearts of oak our men,
  Our Nelson mark'd them on the wave,
  Three cheers our gallant seamen gave,
    Nor thought of home or beauty;
  Along the line this signal ran--
  "England expects that every man
    This day will do his duty!"


[Illustration]

THE SCARLET FLOWER.

A. Ryle & Co., Printers, 2 & 3, Monmouth Court, Bloomsbury.

  She's gentle as the zephyr,
    That sips of every sweet,
  She fairer than the fairest lily,
    In nature's soft retreat;
  Her eyes are like the crystal brok,
    As bright and clear to see?
  Her lips outshine the Scarlet Flow'r
    Of bonny Ellerslie.


[Illustration]

THE THORN.

  London:--Printed at the "Catnach Press" by W. Fortey, (late A. Ryle)
  2 & 3, Monmouth Court. Bloomsbury. (Established 1813.) The Oldest and
  Cheapest House in the World for Ballads, (4,000 sorts) Song Books, &c.

  From the white blossomed sloe,
    My dear Chloe requested,
  A sprig her fair breast to adorn;
    No by heavens I exclaimed, may I perish
  If ever I plant in that bosom a thorn.

  When I shewed her the ring and implored her to marry
    She blushed like the dawning of morn,
  Yes I'll consent she replyed if you'll promise,
    That no jealous rival shall laugh me to scorn,
  No by heavens I exclaim'd may I perish,
    If ever I plant in that bosom a thorn.


  BANKS OF THE NILE.

[Illustration]

  Printed at the "Catnach Press" by W. FORTEY, Monmouth Court,
  Bloomsbury, the Oldest House in the World for Ballads (4,000 sorts) Song
  Books, &c. &c.

  Hark! I hear the drums a beating--no longer can I stay,
  I hear the trumpets sounding, my love I must away,
  We are ordered from Portsmouth many a long mile,
  For to join the British soldiers on the banks of the Nile.

  Willie, dearest Willie, don't leave me here to mourn,
  You'll make me curse and rue the day that ever I was born,
  For the parting of my own true love is parting of my life,
  So stay at home dear Willie, and I will be your wife.

  I will cut off my yellow locks, and go along with you,
  I will dress myself in velveteens, and go see Egypt too
  I will fight or bear your banner, while kind fortune seems to smile,
  And we'll comfort one another on the banks of the Nile.


  Poor Crazy JANE.

[Illustration]

  London:--Printed at the "Catnach Press" by W. S. Fortey, 2 & 3, Monmouth
  Court, Bloomsbury. (Established 1813.) The Oldest and Cheapest House in
  the World for Ballads, Song Books, Children's Spelling & Reading Books,
  Panorama Slips, Almanacks, Valentines, Hymns, Toy Cards, Poetry Cards,
  Lotteries, Characters, Note Paper, Envelopes, &c.
  [Symbol: Asterism] Shopkeepers and Hawkers supplied on the lowest terms.

  Why fair maid in every feature,
    Are such signs of fear expressed,
  Can a wandering wretched creature,
    With such horror fill thy breast.
  Do my frenzied looks alarm thee,
    Trust me, sweet, thy fears are vain,
  Not for Kingdom would I harm thee,
    Shun not then poor crazy Jane.

  Fondly my young heart believed him,
    Which was doomed to love but one;
  He sighed, he vowed, and I believed him,
    He was false, and I'm undone.
  From that hour has reason never,
    Had her empire o'er my brain,
  Henry fled, with him for ever
    Fled the wits of Crazy Jane.


[Illustration]

  "It was Christmas morning--dear Christmas morning
   When bright angels and men kept watch for its dawning--
   And merrily Christmas bells were out ringing,
   And blithely the children their carols were singing--
   'Twas a hundred years agone--or more."

From time immemorial the ballad singer, with his rough and ready
broad-sheet, has travelled over the whole surface of the country in all
seasons and weathers, yet there was one time of the year, however, when he
went out of his every-day path and touched on deeper matters than
accidents, politics, prize fights, sporting matches, murders, battles,
royalty, famous men and women. Christmas time brought, both to him and his
audience, its witness of the unity of the great family of heaven and
earth, its story of the life and death of Him in whom that unity stands.
Several examples, of Christmas carols and Scripture-sheets, bearing
Catnach's imprint lie before us, thanks to the kindness of Mr. W. S.
Fortey, Catnach's successor; these broadsides bear several distinctive
marks which show that it was an object of more than ordinary care to
publishers and ballad singers. In the first place, these Christmas sheets
are double the size of the ordinary broad-sheet--measuring 30 inches by
20--and contain four or five carols--generally one long narrative ballad,
and three or four short pieces. Each of them having two or three large
woodcuts and several of smaller sizes, and having the following
distinctive titles--The Trial of Christ. Faith, Hope, and Charity. Our
Saviour's Love. The Tree of Life. The Crucifixion. The Saviour of Mankind.
The Messiah. The Harp of Israel. The Saviour's Garland. Divine Mirth. And
The Life of Joseph, to which is appended:--

  LONDON: PRINTED AND SOLD BY
  J. CATNACH, 2, MONMOUTH COURT, 7, DIALS,
  WHERE MAY BE HAD THE FOLLOWING SHEETS, WITH CUTS.

The Last Day, Our Saviour's Letter, The Son of Righteousness, Travels of
the Children of Israel, Glory of Solomon, The Morning Star, The Noble Army
of Martyrs, Christmas Gambols, The Hertfordshire Tragedy, and a Variety of
Others are in a state of forwardness for the Press.

[Illustration]

"Looking at these Christmas broad-sheets," says the writer of an article
on street-ballads, in the "National Review," for October, 1861, "it would
really seem as if the poorest of our brethren claimed their right to
higher nourishment than common for their minds and souls, as well as for
their bodies, at the time of year when all Christendom should rejoice. And
this first impression is confirmed when we examine their contents. In all
those which we have seen, the only piece familiar to us is that noble old
carol 'While shepherds watched their flocks by night,' where the rest come
from, we cannot even conjecture; but in the whole of them there is not one
which we should wish were not there. We have been unable to detect in them
even a coarse expression; and of the hateful narrowness and intolerance,
the namby-pamby, the meaningless cant, the undue familiarity with holy
things, which makes us turn with a shudder from so many modern collections
of hymns, there is simply nothing.

"Account for it how we will, there is the simple fact. Perhaps it may lead
us to think somewhat differently of those whom we are in the habit of
setting down in the mass as little better than heathens. We cannot
conclude this article better than by giving an extract or two from these
Christmas broad-sheets."

[Illustration]

[Illustration]

"The Saviour's Garland, a choice Collection of the most esteemed Carols,"
has the usual long narrative ballad, which begins:

  "Come, all you faithful Christians
     That dwell upon the earth,--
   Come celebrate the morning
     Of our dear Saviour's birth:
   This is the happy morning,--
     This is the happy morn
   Whereon, to save our ruined race,
     The Son of God was born."

And after telling simply the well-known story, it ends:

  "Now to him up ascended,
     Then let your praises be,
   That we His steps may follow,
     And He our pattern be;
   That when our lives are ended
     We may hear His blessed call:
   'Come, Souls, receive the Kingdom
     Prepared for you all.'"

[Illustration]

Another, "The Star of Bethlehem, a collection of esteemed Carols for the
present year," opens its narrative thus:

  "Let all that are to mirth inclined
   Consider well and bear in mind
   What our good God for us has done,
   In sending His beloved Son.

   Let all our songs and praises be
   Unto His heavenly Majesty;
   And evermore amongst our mirth
   Remember Christ our Saviour's birth.

   The twenty-fifth day of December
   We have great reason to remember;
   In Bethlehem, upon that morn,
   There was a blessed Saviour born," &c.

One of the short pieces, by no means the best, we give whole:

  "With one consent let all the earth
     The praise of God proclaim,
   Who sent the Saviour, by whose birth
     To man salvation came.

   All nations join and magnify
     The great and wondrous love
   Of Him who left for us the sky,
     And all the joys above.

   But vainly thus in hymns of praise
     We bear a joyful part,
   If while our voices loud we raise,
     We lift not up our heart.

   We, by a holy life alone,
     Our Saviour's laws fulfil;
   By those His glory is best shown
     Who best perform His will.

   May we to all His words attend
     With humble, pious care;
   Then shall our praise to heaven ascend,
     And find acceptance there."

We do not suppose that the contents of these Christmas broad-sheets are
supplied by the same persons who write the murder-ballads, or the attacks
on crinoline. They may be borrowed from well known hymn books for anything
we know. But if they are borrowed, we must still think it much to the
credit of the selectors, that, where they might have found so much that is
objectionable and offensive, they should have chosen as they have done. We
only hope that their successors, whoever they may be who will become the
caterers for their audiences, will set nothing worse before them.

Christmas broad-sheets formed an important item in the office of the
"Catnach Press," as the sale was enormous, and Catnach always looked
forward for a large return of capital, and a "good clearance" immediately
following the spurt for Guy Fawkes' speeches, in October of each year. But
although the sale was very large, it only occupies one "short month." This
enabled them to make Carols a stock job, so that when trade in the Ballad,
Sensational, "Gallows," or any other line of business was dull, they used
to fill up every spare hour in the working off or colouring them, so as to
be ready to meet the extraordinary demand which was sure to be made at the
fall of the year.

[Illustration]

Like most of the old English customs, Christmas-carol singing is fast
dying out. Old peripatetic stationers well remember the rich harvest they
once obtained at Christmas times by carol selling. Now there are very few
who care to invest more than a shilling or two at a time on the venture;
whereas in times long past, all available capital was readily embarked in
the highly-coloured and plain sheets of the birth of our Saviour, with the
carol of "Christians awake," or "The Seven Good Joys of Mary:"--

  "The first good joy our Mary had,
     It was the joy of one,
   To see her own Son, Jesus,
     To suck at her breast-bone.
   To suck at her breast-bone, God-man,
     And blessed may He be
   Both Father, Son, and Holy Ghost,
     To all eternity."

[Illustration]

Now, whether carol singing has degenerated with carol poetry, and
consequently the sale of Christmas carols diminished is a question we need
not enter upon; but when we turn to the fine old carols of our
forefathers, we cannot help regretting that many of these are buried in
the records of the long past.

Here are a couple of verses of one, said to be the first carol or
drinking-song composed in England. The original is in Anglo-Norman
French:--

  "Lordlings, from a distant home,
   To seek old Christmas are we come,
     Who loves our minstrelsy--
   And here unless report mis-say,
   The greybeard dwells; and on this day
   Keeps yearly wassail, ever gay
     With festive mirth and glee.

    *       *       *       *       *

   Lordlings, it is our host's command,
   And Christmas joins him hand in hand,
     To drain the brimming bowl;
   And I'll be foremost to obey,
   Then pledge we, sirs, and drink away,
   For Christmas revels here to day,
     And sways without control.

   Now _wassail_ to you all! and merry may you be,
   And foul that wight befall, who drinks not health to me."

One can well imagine the hearty feeling which would greet a party of
minstrels carolling out such a song as the above in Christmas days of
yore; and then contrast the picture with a _troupe_ from St. Giles's or
Whitechapel bawling out "God Rest you Merry Gentlemen!" The very thought
of the contrast sends a shudder through the whole human system; and no
wonder the first were received with welcome feasting, and the latter
driven "with more kicks than half-pence" from the doors.

In an old book of "Christmasse Carolles newely emprinted at London, in the
fletestrete at the sygne of the Sonne by Wynkyn de Worde. The yere of our
Lorde, m.d.xxi. Quarto." Is a carol on "Bryngyng in the Bore's Head":--

  "The bore's head in hand bring I,
   With garlandes gay and rosemary,
   I pray you all synge merely,
     _Qui estis in convivio_.

   The bore's head, I understande
   Is the chiefe servyce in this lande,
   Loke wherever it be fande,
     _Servite cum Contico_.

   Be gladde, lordes, both more and lasse,
     For this hath ordayned our stewarde,
   To chere you all this Christmasse
     The bore's head with mustarde."

[Illustration]

With certain alterations, this carol is still, or at least was very
recently, retained at Queen's College, Oxford, and sung to a cathedral
chant of the psalms.

It would occupy too much space to search into the origin of Christmas
carols. They are doubtless coeval with the original celebrations of
Christmas, first as a strictly Romish sacred ceremony, and afterwards as
one of joyous festivity.

[Illustration]

[Illustration]

[Illustration]

This "Moral-Sheet" entitled "THE STAGES OF LIFE: or, The various Ages and
Degrees of Human Life explained by these Twelve different Stages, from our
Birth to our Graves," had a great sale.


[Illustration]

INFANCY

_To 10 Years old._

  "His vain delusive thoughts are fill'd
     With vain delusive joys--
   The empty bubble of a dream,
     Which waking change to toys."

_From 10 to 20 Years old._

  "His heart is now puff'd up,
     He scorns the tutor's hand;
   He hates to meet the least control
     And glories to command."

_From 20 to 30 Years old._

  "There's naught here that can withstand
     The rage of his desire,
   His wanton flames are now blown up,
     His mind is all on fire."

_From 30 to 40 Years old._

  "Look forward and repent
     Of all thy errors past,
   That so thereby thou may'st attain
     True happiness at last."

_From 40 to 50 Years old._

  "At fifty years he is
     Like the declining sun,
   For now his better half of life,
     Man seemeth to have run."

_From 50 to 60 Years old._

  "His wasted taper now
     Begins to lose its light,
   His sparkling flames doth plainly show
     'Tis growing towards night."

_From 60 to 70 Years old._

  "Perplex'd with slavish fear
     And unavailing woe,
   He travels on life's rugged way
     With locks as white as snow."

_From 70 to 80 Years old._

  "Infirmity is great,
     At this advanced age,
   And ceaseless grief and weakness leagued,
     Now vent their bitter rage."

_From 80 to 90 Years old._

  "Life's 'Vital Spark'--the soul,
     Is hovering on the verge
   Of an eternal world above,
     And waiting to emerge."

[Illustration]

_From 90 to 100 Years old._

  "The sun is sinking fast
     Behind the clouds of earth,
   Oh may it shine with brighter beams,
     Where light receiv'd her birth."

[Illustration:

  Printed by
  J. CATNACH,
  ***2,***
  _Monmouth-Court, 7 Dials_,
  LONDON.]

Catnach was now at the height of his fame as a printer of ballads,
Christmas-pieces, carols, lotteries, execution papers, dying speeches,
catchpennies, primers and battledores, and his stock of type and woodcuts
had very considerably increased to meet his business demands. And it may
be said that he was the very Napoleon of buyers at sales by auction of
"printers' stock." On one occasion, when lot after lot was being knocked
down to him, one of the "Littlejohn crew" of "knock-out-men" of the
period, observed to the auctioneer, "Why, sir, Mr. Catnach is buying up
all the lots." "Yes," replied the auctioneer, "And what's more, Mr.
Catnach will pay for them and clear away all his lots in the morning;"
then adding somewhat pointedly, "which is a thing I can't say of all
parties who attend my sales."

But although we are informed, _viva voce_ of a contemporary, that Jemmy
Catnach was so large a buyer at sales by auction of "printers' stock," we
may, with some degree of safety, come to the conclusion that he could have
only bought such lots that would be considered by other master printers as
worthless, and that it was the apparent cheapness that would be the
incentive for his buying up all the worn-out and battered letter, for
Jemmy was a man who hated "innowations" as he used to call improvements,
and he, therefore, had a great horror in laying out his money in new and
improved manufactured type, because, as he observed, he kept so many
standing forms, and when certain sorts ran short he was not particular,
and would tell the boys to use anything which would make a good shift. For
instance, he never considered a compositor could be aground for a
lowercase "l" while he had a figure "1" or a cap "I" to fall back upon; by
the same rule, the cap. "O" and figure "0" were synonymous with "Jemmy;"
the lowercase "p," "b," "d," and "q," would all do duty for each other in
_turn_, and if they could not always find Roman letters to finish a word
with, why the compositor knew very well that the "reader" would not mark
out Ita_lic_, nor wrong founts.

From a small beginner in the world, Catnach was soon able to see his way
clear to amass a fortune. He had now established his reputation as a man
of enterprise, and he was very sensitive to maintain a sort of
shabby-genteel appearance. It was amusing, especially when over his glass,
to hear him describe the effect the "awfuls" had on the public. The
proprietor of any of our leading journals could not have felt prouder than
did Catnach, as he saw drafted from his press the many thousands of varied
productions.

We will now briefly allude to the wood-blocks which Catnach had in his
possession, and which served for the purpose of illustrating during the
time that he had been in business. He had a large collection, such as they
were; but as works of art they had little or no pretension, being, upon
the whole, of the oddest and most ludicrous character. Those that were
intended for the small books were very quaint--as we have shown by the
fac-similed specimens we have given--whilst the larger portion, which were
chiefly intended for the "awfuls," were grotesque and hideous in their
design and execution. No more ghastly sight could be imagined than one of
Jemmy's embellishments of an execution. It would appear that for the last
discharge of the law he had a large collection of blocks which would suit
any number of victims who were about to undergo the dread penalty. It
mattered little how many Jack Ketch was going to operate upon, wood-blocks
to the exact number were always adopted, in this particular the great
"Dying Speech Merchant" would seem to have thought that his honour and
reputation were at stake, for he had his network so formed as to be able
to secure every information of news that was passing between the friends
of the culprits and the prerogative of the Crown. But we are informed that
upon one occasion he was nearly entrapped. Three victims were upon the eve
of being executed, and in those days--and in later times--it was not an
uncommon thing to see the confession and dying speech printed one or two
days previous to the event. This we are told by those in the trade was
almost necessary, in order that the sheets might be ready for the
provinces almost as soon as the sentence of the law had been carried out.
It so happened that on the night previous to an execution, one of the
culprits was reprieved. It was solely by a piece of good luck that Catnach
heard of it. Several sheets had been struck off; and Jemmy was often
chaffed about hanging three men instead of two; but our informant assures
us that the error was corrected before any of the impressions were
dispatched from the office. Had they gone before the public in their
original state, the _locus standi_ of the great publisher in Monmouth
Court would have been greatly imperilled. To those who are fond of the
fine arts, _in usum vulgi_, Catnach's embellishments will afford a fund of
amusement. Amongst the lot were several well known places, the scenes of
horrible and awful crimes, engravings of debauchery and ill-fame, together
with an endless number of different kinds, suitable at the shortest
possible notice, to illustrate every conceivable and inconceivable
subject.

The Seven Dials in general, and "The Catnach Press" in particular, had no
dread of copyright law--the principal Librarian of the British Museum,
Stationers', or any other Hall in those days--and as wood engravings were
not to be had then so quickly or cheaply as now-a-days, Jemmy used at
times to be his own engraver, and while the compositors were setting up
the types, he would carve out the illustration on the back of an old
pewter music plate, and by nailing it on to a piece of wood make it into
an improvised stereo-plate off-hand, for he was very handy at this sort of
work, at which also his sister, with his instruction, could assist; so
they soon managed to rough out a figure or two, and when things were dull
and slack they generally got one or two subjects ready in stock, such as a
highwayman with crape over his face, shooting a traveller, who is falling
from his horse near a wide-spreading old elm tree, through which the moon
was to be seen peeping; not forgetting to put the highwayman in top boots
and making him a regular dandy. This was something after the plan of the
artists of the cheap illustrated papers of the present day, who generally
anticipate events sometime beforehand to be ready with their blocks. As a
proof of this, the editor of the "London, Provincial, and Colonial Press
News," says "I happened to call one day on an artist for the 'Illustrated
Press,' and found him busily engaged in sketching a funeral procession
with some twenty coffins borne on the shoulders of men who were winding
their way through an immense crowd. Upon inquiry, I was told that it was
intended for the next week's issue, and was to represent the funeral of
the victims of the late dreadful colliery explosion, for although the
inquest was only then sitting, and all the bodies had not yet been found,
there was sure to be a funeral of that kind when it was all over, and as
they did not know how many bodies were to be buried at one time, it was
very cleverly arranged to commence the procession from the _corner of the
block_, and so leave it to the imagination as to how many more coffins
were coming in the rear; something after the plan of a small country
theatre, when representing Richard the Third, and in the battle scene,
after the first two or three of the army had made their appearance, to cry
'halt!' very loudly to all those behind who were not seen, and leave the
spectators to guess how many hundreds their were to come."

For the illustrating of catchpennies, broadsides, and street-literature in
general, particular kinds of wood-cuts were required. In most cases one
block was called upon to perform many parts; and the majority of
metropolitan printers, who went in for this work, had only a very limited
number of them. Very often the same cuts were repeated over and over
again, and made to change sides as one another, and that simply to make a
little variation from a ballad or broadside that had been printed at the
same office on the day, week, or month previous. It mattered little what
the subject was, it required some adornment, in the shape of illustration,
to give effect to it. The catchpennies, especially those connected with
the awful, were in general very rough productions. A lover strangling his
sweetheart with a long piece of rope. A heartless woman murdering an
innocent man. Vice punished and virtue rewarded, and similar subjects,
were always handled in such a manner as to create a degree of excitement,
sympathy, and alarm. The broadsides, generally adorned with some rough
outline of the royal arms of England, a crowned king or queen, as the
subject might be, received their full share of consideration at the hands
of the artist. Scions of royal blood, and those connected with the court,
were often painted in colours glaring and attractive, whilst the matter
set forth in the letterpress was not always the most flattering or
encouraging.

    CATCH-PENNY:--Any temporary contrivance to obtain money from the
    public; penny shows, or cheap exhibitions. Also descriptions of
    murders, fires, and terrible accidents, &c., which have never taken
    place.

    Hotton's: _Slang Dictionary_.


AN ACCOUNT OF THE DREADFUL APPARITION

  That appeared last night to Henry ---- in this street, of
  Mary ----, the shopkeeper's daughter round the corner, in a
  shroud, all covered in white.

The castle clock struck one--the night was dark, drear, and
tempestuous.--Henry sat in an antique chamber of it, over a wood fire,
which in the stupor of contemplation, he had suffered to decrease into a
few lifeless embers; on the table by him lay the portrait of Mary--the
features of which were not very perfectly disclosed by a taper, that just
glimmered in the socket. He took up the portrait, however, and gazing
intensely upon it, till the taper, suddenly burning brighter, discovered
to him a phenomenon he was not less terrified than surprised at.--The eyes
of the portrait moved;--the features from an angelic smile, changed to a
look of solemn sadness; a tear stole down each cheek, and the bosom
palpitated as with sighing.

[Illustration]

Again the clock struck _one!_--it had struck the same hour but ten minutes
before.--Henry heard the castle gate grate on its hinges--it slammed
too--the clock struck one again--and a deadly groan echoed through the
castle. Henry was not subject to superstitious fears--neither was he a
coward;--yet a hero of romance might have been justified in a case like
this, should he have betrayed fear.--Henry's heart sunk within him--his
knees smote together, and upon the chamber door being opened, and his
name uttered in a hollow voice, he dropped the portrait to the floor; and
sat, as if rivetted to the chair, without daring to lift up his eyes. At
length, however, as silence again prevailed, he ventured for a moment to
raise his eyes, when--my blood freezes as I relate it--before him stood
the figure of Mary in a shroud--her beamless eyes fixed upon him with a
vacant stare; and her bared bosom exposing a most deadly gash.
"Henry!--Henry!!--Henry!!!" she repeated in a hollow tone--"Henry! I come
for thee! thou hast often said that death with me was preferable to life
without me; come then, and enjoy with me all the ecstacies of love these
ghastly features, added to the contemplation of a charnel-house, can
inspire;" then grasping his hand with her icy fingers, he swooned; and
instantly found himself--stretched on the hearth of his master's kitchen;
a romance in his hand, and the house dog by his side, whose cold nose
touching his hand, had awaked him.


FRIENDS

It is with feelings of the deepest regret that we are at present
compelled, for the support of our friends and families, to offer this
simple, but true tale to your notice, trusting, at the same time, that you
will be pleased to purchase this paper, it being the only means at present
to support the tender thread of our existence, and keep us and our
families from utter starvation which at present surrounds us.

PRICE ONE PENNY.

_Printed for Author and Vendor._


[Illustration]

MURDER OF CAPTAIN LAWSON.

[Illustration]

CRUEL AND INHUMAN MURDER, LAST NIGHT.


[Illustration]

THE SCARBOROUGH TRAGEDY.

Giving an Account how Susan Forster, a Farmer's Daughter, near
Scarborough, was seduced by Mr. Robert Sanders, a Naval Officer, under
promise of Marriage.--How she became Pregnant, and the wicked hardened and
cruel Wretch appointed her to meet him at a well-known, retired spot,
which she unhappily did, and was basely Murdered by him, and buried under
a Tree--and of the wonderful manner in which this base Murder was brought
to light, and he committed to Gaol.

  Young virgins fair of beauty bright,
    And you that are of Cupid's fold,
  Unto my tragedy give ear,
    For it's as true as e'er was told.
  In Yorkshire, liv'd a virgin fair,
    A farmer's only daughter dear,
  And a young sea-captain did her ensnare,
    Whose station was her father near.

  Susannah was this maiden's name,
    The flower of all that country,
  This officer a courting came,
    Begging that she his love would be.
  Her youthful heart to love inclin'd
    Young Cupid bent his golden bow,
  And left his fatal dart behind,
    Which prov'd Susannah's overthrow.

  Ofttimes at evening she would repair,
    Close to the borders of the sea,
  Her treach'rous love would meet her there,
    The time it passed most pleasantly.
  And while they walked the sea-banks over,
    To mark the flowing of the tide,
  He said he'd be her constant lover,
    And vow'd that she should be his bride.

         *       *       *       *       *

  He did confess--they dug the ground while hundreds came to view,
  And here the murder'd corpse they found, of her who lov'd so true;
  In irons now in Prison strong lamenting he does lie;
  And, by the laws condemn'd ere long, most justly he will die.

J. CATNACH, Printer, 2, Monmouth-court, 7 Dials.


[Illustration]

HORRID MURDER, COMMITTED BY A YOUNG MAN ON A YOUNG WOMAN.

George Caddell became acquainted with Miss Price and a degree of intimacy
subsisted between them, and Miss Price, degraded as she was by the
unfortunate step she had taken, still thought herself an equal match for
one of Mr. Caddell's rank of life. As pregnancy was shortly the result of
their intimacy, she repeatedly urged him to marry her, but he resisted her
importunities for a considerable time. At length she heard of his paying
addresses to Miss Dean, and threatened in case of his non-compliance, to
put an end to all his prospects with that young lady, by discovering
everything that had passed between them. Hereupon he formed a horrid
resolution of murdering her, for he could neither bear the thought of
forfeiting the esteem of a woman whom he loved, nor of marrying one who
had been as condescending to another as to himself. So he called on Miss
Price on a Saturday and requested her to walk with him in the fields on
the following day, in order to arrange a plan for their intended marriage.
Miss Price met him at the time appointed, on the road leading to Burton,
at a house known by the name of the "Nag's Head." Having accompanied her
supposed lover into the fields, and walked about till towards evening,
they sat down under a hedge, where after a little conversation, Caddell
suddenly pulled out a knife and cut her throat, and made his escape, but
not before he had waited till she was dead. In the distraction of his mind
he left behind him the knife with which he perpetrated the deed, and his
Case of Instruments. On the following morning, Miss Price being found
murdered in the field, great numbers went to take a view of her body,
among whom was the woman of the house where she lodged, who recollected
that she said she was going to walk with Mr. Caddell, on which the
instruments were examined and sworn to have belonged to him. He was
accordingly taken into custody.

J. CATNACH, Printer, Monmouth Court.


[Illustration]

THE SECRETS REVEALED, OR THE FASHIONABLE LIFE OF LORD & LADY ******.

[Illustration]

DREADFUL MURDER BY A SOLDIER, YESTERDAY MORNING.


THE LIVERPOOL TRAGEDY.

[Illustration]

  Showing how a Father and Mother
  barbarously Murdered their own Son.

A few days ago a sea-faring man, who had just returned to England after an
absence of thirty years in the East Indies, called at a lodging-house, in
Liverpool, for sailors, and asked for supper and a bed; the landlord and
landlady were elderly people, and apparently poor. The young man entered
into conversation with them, invited them to partake of his cheer, asked
them many questions about themselves and their family, and particularly of
a son who had gone to sea when a boy, and whom they had long given over
as dead. At night the landlady shewed him to his room, and when she was
leaving him he put a large purse of gold into her hand, and desired her to
take care of it till the morning, pressed her affectionately by the hand,
and bade her good night. She returned to her husband and shewed the
accursed gold: for its sake they mutually agreed to murder the traveller
in his sleep.

In the dead of the night, when all was still, the old couple silently
creeped into the bed room of their sleeping guest, all was quiet: the
landlady approached the bedside, and then cut his throat, severed his head
from his body; the old man, upwards of seventy years of age, holding the
candle. They put a washing-tub under the bed to catch his blood, and then
ransacking the boxes of the murdered man they found more gold, and many
handsome and costly articles, the produce of the East Indies, together,
with what proved afterwards, to be a marriage certificate.

In the morning early, came a handsome and elegantly dressed lady, and
asked, in a joyous tone, for the traveller who arrived the night before.
The old people seemed greatly confused, but said he had risen early and
gone away. "Impossible!" said the lady, and bid them go to his bed-room
and seek him, adding, "you will be sure to know him as he has a mole on
his left arm in the shape of a strawberry. Besides, 'tis your long lost
son who has just returned from the East Indies, and I am his wife, and the
daughter of a rich planter long settled and very wealthy. Your son has
come to make you both happy in the evening of your days, and he resolved
to lodge with you one night as a stranger, that he might see you unknown,
and judge of your conduct to wayfaring mariners."

The old couple went up stairs to examine the corpse, and they found the
strawberry mark on its arm, and they then knew that they had murdered
their own son, they were seized with horror, and each taking a loaded
pistol blew out each other's brains.

PRINTED BY J. CATNACH.--Sold by Marshall, Bristol.

Just Published.--A Variety of Children's Books, Battledores, Lotteries,
and a quantity of Popular Songs set to Music. Cards, &c., Printed cheap.

[Illustration]




  THE LIFE, TRIAL, CHARACTER, CONFESSION, BEHAVIOUR,
  AND EXECUTION OF JAMES WARD,

  Aged 25, who was hung in the front of the Gaol,
  For the wilful Murder he committed on the
  Body of his own Wife.

  [Illustration]

  To which is added a Copy of Affectionate Verses
  which he composed in the Condemned Cell
  The night before his
  EXECUTION.

  PRINTED AT LONDON.
  PRICE ONE PENNY.


[Illustration]

THE ARREST OF THE PRISONER.

    "For murder, though it have no tongue, will speak with most miraculous
    organ."

The prisoner was arrested while drinking with his companions in a
public-house, and after two Magistrates had heard the evidence he was
fully committed to the Assizes to be tried before my Lord Judge and a
British Jury, at the County Hall.

[Illustration]


THE TRIAL!

  "Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein."

At an early hour on the morning of the trial, the Court was crowded to
excess, the Judge taking his seat at nine o'clock. The Prisoner on being
placed at the bar, pleaded "Not Guilty," in a firm tone of voice. The
Trial lasted many hours, when, having been found 'GUILTY.' the learned
Judge addressed the prisoner as follows:--

    "Prisoner, you have been found guilty of a most cold-blooded Murder, a
    more deliberate murder I never heard of. You and your wife had been to
    a neighbouring town, and were returning home, when you did it. She was
    found in a ditch. I cannot hold out the slightest hope of mercy
    towards you in this case." During this address the whole court was
    melted into tears. His Lordship then put on the black cap and passed
    the sentence as usual, holding out no hope of mercy to the prisoner.

[Illustration: THE COUNTY GAOL.]


[Illustration: THE HOME OF THE GOOD MAN.]

    "Sundry blessings hang about his Throne, that speak him full of
    Grace."

LETTER WRITTEN BY THE PRISONER AFTER HIS CONDEMNATION.

Condemned Cell.

DEAR SISTER,

When you receive this you will see that I am condemned to die; my Father
and Mother are coming to take their last farewell, and I should very much
liked to have seen you, but knowing that you are on the eve of bringing
into the world another to your family, I beg that you will refrain from
coming; if that you do serious may be the consequences, therefore, dear
Sister, do not attempt to come. I hope that no one will upbraid you for
what I have done; So God bless you and yours; farewell! dear Sister, for
ever.

    J. WARD.


[Illustration]

THE EXECUTION.

    "A threefold cord is not quickly broken."

The Execution of the above prisoner took place early this morning at eight
o'clock, the people flocking to the scene at an early hour. As the period
of the wretched man's departure drew near, the chaplain became anxious to
obtain from him a confession of the justice of his sentence. He
acknowledged the justice of his sentence, and said he was not fit to live,
and that he was afraid to die, but he prayed to the Lord for forgiveness,
and hoped through the merits of his Saviour that his prayer would be
heard. Having received the sacrament, the executioner was not long in
performing his office. The solemn procession moved towards the place of
Execution, the chaplain repeating the confession words, "In the midst of
life we are in death." Upon ascending the platform he appeared to tremble
very much. The cap being drawn over his eyes and the signal given, the
wretched man was launched into eternity. He died almost without a
struggle. After the body had hanged the usual time it was cut down and
buried according to the sentence in the gaol.


[Illustration]

THE HOME OF THE BAD MAN.

    "One Sin doth another provoke."

COPY OF VERSES.

  Come all you feeling hearted christians, wherever you may be,
  Attention give to these few lines, and listen unto me;
  Its of this cruel murder, to you I will unfold,
  The bare recital of the same will make your blood run cold.

  Confined within a lonely cell, with sorrow I am opprest,
  The very thought of what I've done, deprives me of rest;
  Within this dark and gloomy cell in the County Gaol I lie,
  For murder of my dear wife I am condemned to die.

  For four long years I'd married been, I always lov'd her well,
  Till at length I was overlooked, oh shame for me to tell;
  By Satan sure I was beguiled, he led me quite astray,
  Unto another I gave way on that sad unlucky day.

  I well deserve my wretched fate, no one can pity me,
  To think that I in cold blood could take the life away;
  I took a stake out of the hedge and hit on the head,
  My cruel blows I did repeat until she were dead.

  I dragged the body from the stile to a ditch running by,
  I quite forgot there's one above with an all-seeing eye,
  Who always brings such deeds to light, as you so plainly see,
  I questioned was about it and took immediately.

  The body's found, the inquest held, to prison I was sent,
  With shame I do confess my sin, with grief I do repent;
  And when my trial did come on, I was condemned to die,
  An awful death in public scorn, upon the gallows high.

  While in my lonely cell I lie, the time draws on apace,
  The dreadful deeds that I have done appear before my face;
  While lying on my dreadful couch, those horrid visions rise,
  The ghastly form of my dear wife appears before my eyes.

  Oh may my end a warning be now unto all mankind,
  And think of my unhappy fate and bear me in your mind;
  Whether you are rich or poor, young wives and children love,
  So God will fill your fleeting days with blessings from above.

[Illustration]




  THE BURNING SHAME.
  OR

  [Illustration]

  MORALITY ALARMED
  IN THIS NEIGHBOURHOOD.

  JUST PUBLISHED
  PRICE ONE PENNY.


[Illustration]

A short time since, some of the moral-mending crew of Parsons,
Magistrates, Quakers, Shakers, Puritans, Old Maids, and highly
respectable, and, now retired from active business "Young Ladies," who now
assume a virtue, though they have it not, and a variety of other goodly
persons ever ready to compound for sins they are inclined to, by exposing
those they have no mind to, living not 50 miles hence, determined on
reforming doings, manners, and customs:--

IN THIS TOWN!

and a meeting in consequence took place at "Rosebud Cottage" the residence
of Miss Mary Ann Lovitt, when, as a first step, it was determined to
remove the facilities and _accommodation_ afforded a
certain--_You-know-what!_ crime very general _in this neighbourhood_ by
hunting out of the town:--

A CERTAIN LADY ABBESS!!

who keeps a very genteel house for the _accommodation_ of "single young
men and their wives" and one who never offends, or bores her patrons by
asking for a sight of their 'Marriage Certificates.'

At the meeting, the armchair was taken by the Rev. John ---- ---- ----
B.A., of this parish, Mr. Churchwarden Smith, and Mr. J. Brown, the
draper, supporting him on either side; when a variety of methods were
suggested for the removal of the alledged social evil, one thought
_entreaty_ might best answer, another was for _force_, a third recommended
the Religious Tract Society, while a fourth was for the aid of the Very
Rev. Rowland H------l, Miss A. and Miss B. were both loud in their praise
of the Rev. Jabez B------g, mention was made of the Society for the
Suppression of Vice, at length the Reverend Divine Chairman was called on
for his opinion, when he--conscious of the integrity and purity of his own
life and _experience!_ at once pronounced:--

A BURNING SHAME!!!

as the only effectual remedy for the ever increasing evil. This was indeed
a harsh measure, and some of the worthies looked a variety of colours on
the occasion, but as none had the moral courage for personal character
sake to oppose the parson's proposition, it was carried unanamously. A
board bearing on it in legible characters:--

BEWARE OF A BAD HOUSE!!!!

was soon prepared, and with a lanthorn attached, was paraded before the
house of the fair--but frail duenna's mansion. It did not remain long in
this position as the following letter from the lady abbess of the
_Agapemone!_ soon had its deserved effect:--

    GENTLEMEN:--"If the board and lanthorne is not removed from the front
    of my house in one hour from this time, I will publish the _name_,
    _profession_, and _address_, of every _gentleman_--together with that
    of the _lady_ accompaning him who has visited my "_Establishment for
    Young Ladies_" during the last six months. Some of your worships know
    on whom this would fall heaviest."

        Yours with thanks for past favours,
            AUNT.

It is almost needless to say that the _board and lanthorne_ were very soon
removed, and, that, the old, and _accommodating_ lady is doing a good
business again:--

THUS CONSCIOUS DOES MAKE COWARDS OF US ALL.

[Illustration]




  THE FULL, TRUE AND
  PARTICULAR ACCOUNT
  OF THE

  [Illustration]

  EXTRAORDINARY MARRIAGE
  That took place in THIS TOWN on Thursday last.

  LONDON:
  PRINTED FOR THE VENDORS.

  PRICE ONE PENNY.


[Illustration]

  "Who would have thought he had been a--
   He was such--a nice young man."

About a week since, a dashing young blade, dressed in the very height of
the prevailing fashion, having long black and curly hair, together with a
pair of out-and-out slap-up whiskers and moustaches, and calling himself
Count de Coburgh Aingarpatzziwutchz, and professing to be a foreigner and
a man of enormous fortune, and one of the _haut ton!_ took up his lodging
at the principal inn, The ---- Arms, in this town, where the swell
foreigner looking blade soon made a great stir among the ladies of the
place; the old, the young, the tall, the short, the fair, and the dark,
were all alike smitten over head and ears in love with the distinguished
visitor, but none seemed to make so much impression upon his heart as Mary
Jane Jemima S----w, the youngest of the landlord's daughters of The
----Arms Inn, of this town. She is well known in this neighbourhood to be
very handsome, with light brown hair all in ringlets, light blue eyes, a
fine aquiline nose, and of a tall and commanding figure, aged about sweet
17 years of age, and very tender.

The foreign Count! soon won the affections of the young lady, and while
she was all cock-a-hoop at the thought of having such a fine handsome
young blade for a husband, all the other women of the town, old and young,
were ready to tear out her eyes and boil them in their own blood with
womanly vexation and revenge, and spoke of the intended bridegroom as the
Count _Don't-know-who_!

On Thursday the bells of the old parish church rang merrily
ding!-dong!!-ding!!! and the happy couple were married, our old and
respected Rector officiating; assisted by his Curate, Rev. Mr. ----, and
all the parish was gay from one end to the other.

[Illustration]

A few hours after the ceremony had taken place, whilst the happy couple
were feasting on all of the very best with their friends and relations, a
stranger, fat and greasy, and looking like a master or journeyman butcher
in his Sunday clothes, and about forty years of age, and black whiskers,
made his appearance, and not being acquainted with the occasion that
brought the party together, without hesitation exclaimed, loud enough to
be heard by all in the room, "Well, brother-blade, you are a lucky fellow!
the business about Sal Saunders is all settled to our satisfaction, the
lawyer made a good job of it for you, poleaxed the lot on the other side
in prime style, and skinned 'em alive, so you may now return home to
Whitechapel and put on your blue apron and steel."--The company stood
aghast, the bride fainted, and all was confusion. At length it came out
that the newly-married man had a wife and four children at home, and that
his visit to the above town was in consequence of a woman swearing a child
to him. In the midst of the confusion which this discovery occasioned, the
bridegroom and his brother slaughterman from Whitechapel--which is in
London--made a sudden retreat, and--have not since been heard of.




THE EFFECTS OF LOVE.

SAD SHOCKING NEWS!

  CRUEL SEDUCTION: DREADFUL WARNING TO ALL YOUNG
  WOMEN IN THIS NEIGHBOURHOOD TO BEWARE OF
  YOUNG MEN'S DELUDING AND FLATTERING TONGUES.

The following melancholy account of her cruel seduction and desertion by
her base lover was forwarded to that very worthy man Mr. ---- a
churchwarden, well-known and respected by all in this neighbourhood by
Miss S----h W----r, the night before she committed suicide.

    Young lovers all I pray draw near,
  Sad shocking news you soon shall hear,
  And when that you the same are told,
  It will make your very blood run cold.

    Miss S----h W---- Is my name,
  I brought myself to grief and shame,
  By loving one that ne'er loved me,
  My sorrow now I plainly see.

    Mark well the words that will be said,
  By W---- E---- I was betray'd,
  By his false tongue I was beguil'd
  At length to him I proved with child.

    At rest with him I ne'er could be,
  Until he had his will of me,
  To his fond tales I did give way,
  And did from paths of virtue stray.

    My grief is more than I can bear,
  I am disregarded every where,
  Like a blooming flower I am cut down,
  And on me now my love does frown.

    Oh! the false oathes he has sworn to me,
  That I his lawful bride should be,
  May I never prosper night, or day,
  If I deceive you, he would say.

    But now the day is past and gone,
  That he fix'd to be married on,
  He scarcely speaks when we do meet,
  And strives to shun me in the street.

    I did propose on Sunday night,
  To walk once more with my heart's delight,
  On the Umber's banks where billows roar,
  We parted there to meet no more.

    His word was pledged unto me,
  He never shall prosper nor happy be,
  The ghost of me and my infant dear,
  They both shall haunt him every where.

    William dear when this you see,
  Remember how you slighted me,
  Farewell vain world; false man adieu,
  I drown myself for love of you.

    As a token that I died for love,
  There will be seen a milk-white dove,
  Which over my watery tomb shall fly,
  And there you'll find my body lie.

    These cheeks of mine once blooming red,
  Must now be mingled with the dead,
  From the deep waves to a bed of clay,
  Where I must sleep till the Judgement Day.

    A Joyful rising then I hope to have,
  When Angels call me from the grave
  Receive my soul, O Lord most high,
  For broken hearted I must die.

    Grant me one favour that's all I crave,
  Eight pretty maidens let me have,
  Dress'd all in white a comely show,
  To carry me to the grave below.

    Now all young girls I hope on earth,
  Will be warned by my untimely death,
  Take care sweet maidens when you are young,
  Of men's deluding--flattering tongue.

PRINTED IN LONDON FOR THE VENDERS.


SHOCKING RAPE AND DREADFUL MURDER OF TWO LOVERS.

[Illustration]

  SHOWING HOW JOHN HODGES, A FARMER'S SON,
  COMMITTED A RAPE UPON JANE WILLIAMS,
  AND AFTERWARDS MURDERED HER AND
  HER LOVER, WILLIAM EDWARDS,
  IN A FIELD NEAR PAXTON.

This is a most revolting murder. It appears Jane Williams was keeping
company, and was shortly to be married to William Edwards, who was in the
employment of Farmer Hodges. For some time a jealousy existed in John
Hodges, who made vile proposals to the young girl, who although of poor
parents was strictly virtuous. The girl's father also worked on Farmer
Hodges' estate. On Thursday last she was sent to the farm to obtain some
things for her mother, who was ill; it was 9 o'clock in the evening when
she set out, a mile from the farm. Going across the fields she was met by
the farmer's son, who made vile proposals to her, which she not consenting
to, he threw her down, and accomplished his vile purpose. In the meantime
her lover had been to her house, and finding she was gone to the farm,
went to meet her. He found her in the field crying, and John Hodges
standing over her with a bill-hook, saying he would kill her if she ever
told. No one can tell the feelings of the lover, William Edwards. He
rushed forward, when Hodges, with the hook, cut the legs clean from his
body, and with it killed the poor girl, and then run off. Her father
finding she did not return, went to look for her, when the awful deeds
were discovered. Edwards was still alive, but died shortly afterwards from
loss of blood, after giving his testimony to the magistrates. The farmer's
son was apprehended, and has been examined and committed to take his trial
at the next assizes.

Thousands of persons followed the unfortunate lovers to the grave, where
they were both buried together.


COPY OF VERSES.

  Jane Williams had a lover true
    And Edwards was his name,
  Whose visits to her father's house,
    Had welcome now became.

  In marriage soon they would be bound,
    A loving man and wife,
  But John Hodges, a farmer's son
    With jealousy was rife.

  One night he met her in the fields,
    And vile proposals made;
  How can I do this wicked thing,
    Young Jane then weeping said.

  He quickly threw her on the ground,
    He seized her by surprise,
  And did accomplish his foul act
    Despite her tears and cries.

  Her lover passing by that way,
    Discovered her in tears,
  And when he found what had been done
    He pulled the monster's ears.

  Young Hodges with the bill-hook,
    Then cut young Edwards down;
  And by one fatal blow he felled
    Jane Williams on the ground.

  There side by side the lovers lay
    Weltering in their blood:
  Young Jane was dead, her lover lived,
    Though ebb'd away life's flood.

  Old Williams sought his daughter dear,
    When awful to relate,
  He found her lifeless body there,
    Her lover's dreadful fate.

  Now in one grave they both do lie,
    These lovers firm and true,
  Who by a cruel man were slain
    Who'll soon receive his due.

  In prison now he is confined,
    To answer for the crime.
  Two lovers that he murdered,
    Cut off when in their prime.

[Illustration]


  _A Funny_ DIALOGUE

  BETWEEN A
  FAT BUTCHER
  And A

  [Illustration]

  MACKEREL
  _In Newport Market_
  Yesterday.

BUTCHER.--Well, Mr. Mackerel, pray let me ask you how you come to show
your impudent face among those who don't want to see you or any of your
crew?

MACKEREL.--That my company is not agreeable to many such as you I very
well know; but here I am, and will keep my place in spite of you. Don't
think to frighten me with your lofty looks, Mr. Green. You are an enemy to
the poor, I am their true friend, and I will be in spite of you.

BUTCHER.--I will soon see the end of you and your vain boasting. What's
the poor to me?

MACKEREL.--I and thousands of my brethren are come to town for the sole
good of the industrious poor. We will soon pull down your high prices,
your pride and consequence, and Melt your fat off your overgrown Carcass.
I am their sworn friend, and although you are biting off your tongue with
vexation, yet I am determined they shall have a cheap Meal--good, sweet,
and wholesome--put that in your pipe and smoke it.

BUTCHER.--Aye, aye. You are a saucy set, confound you altogether.
Oddzbobs, I wish the Devil had the whole of your disagreeable tribe.

MACKEREL.--I would advise you, Mr. Green, not to show your teeth when you
can't bite. Millions of my friends are on their way to town to make the
poor rejoice. We have had a fine seed time, everything looks promising.
Meat must and will come down. The poor will sing for joy, and you may go
hang yourself in your garters.

[Illustration]

  Catnach, Printer, 2, Monmouth Court,
  Cards, Bills, &c., Printed on Low Terms.


Catnach, to the day of his retirement from business in 1838, when he
purchased the freehold of a disused public-house, which had been known as
the Lion Inn, together with the grounds attached at Dancer's Hill, South
Mimms, near Barnet, in the county of Middlesex, worked and toiled in the
office of the "Catnach Press," in which he had moved as the pivot, or
directing mind, for a quarter of a century. He lived and died a bachelor.
His only idea of all earthly happiness and mental enjoyment was now to get
away in retirement to a convenient distance from his old place of
business, so to give him an opportunity occasionally to go up to town and
have a chat and a friendly glass with one or two old paper-workers and
ballad-writers, and a few others connected with his peculiar trade who had
shown any disposition to work when work was to be done. To them he was
always willing to give or advance a few pence or shillings, in money or
stock, and a glass--

  "Affliction's sons are brothers in distress;
   A brother to relieve, how exquisite the bliss!"

But Jemmy knew the men that were "skulkers," as he termed them, and there
was no coin, stock, or a glass for them. He invariably drank whiskey, a
spirit not in general demand in England in those days. Gin was then, as
now, the reigning favourite with the street folks. When the question was
put to him in reference to his partiality to whiskey, he always
replied--the Scotch blood proudly rising in his veins, and with a strong
Northumberland burr, which never wholly forsook him, particularly when
warmed by argument or drink--that, "He disdained to tipple with 'stuff,'
by means of which all the women of the town got drunk. I am of Catnach.
Yes! there's Catnach blood in me. Catnach--King Catnach--Catnach, King of
the Picts. We descend in a right straight line from the Picts. That's the
sort of blood-of-blood that flows in the veins of all the true-bred
Catnachs." Jemmy would be for continually arguing when in his cups, and
the old and the more artful of the street-folk would let him have all the
say and grandeur that he then felt within him on the subject, well knowing
that they would be much more likely to have their glasses replenished by
agreeing with him than by contradicting him. Even in his sober moments
Jemmy always persisted, right or wrong, that the Catnachs, or Catternachs,
were descended direct from a King of the Picts. Yet, what is somewhat
anomalous, he was himself a rigid churchman and a staunch old Tory, "one
of the olden time," and "as full of the glorious Constitution as the first
volume of Blackstone."

On Catnach's retirement from the business, he left it to Mrs. Annie Ryle,
his sister, charged, nevertheless, to the amount of L1,000 payable at his
death to the estate of his niece, Marion Martha Ryle. In the meanwhile Mr.
James Paul acted as managing man for Mrs. Ryle. This Mr. Paul--of whom
Jemmy was very fond, and rumour saith, had no great dislike to the
mother--had grown from a boy to a man in the office of the "Catnach
Press." He was therefore, well acquainted with the customers, by whom he
was much respected; and it was by his tact and judgment that the business
was kept so well together. He married a Miss Crisp, the daughter of a
publican in the immediate neighbourhood.

Catnach did not long enjoy or survive his retirement. After the novelty of
looking, as the poet Cowper puts it, and no doubt in his case found it,
"Through the loop-holes of retreat, to see the stir of the Great Babel,
and not feel the crowd," had worn itself out, "James Catnach, Gentleman,
formerly of Monmouth Court, Monmouth Street, Printer," grew dull in his
"Old Bachelor's Box;" he was troubled with hypochondriasis, and a liver
overloaded with bile, and was further off than ever from being a happy
man. He had managed to rake and scrape together--as far as we can get any
knowledge--some L5,000 or L6,000, although L10,000 and upwards is mostly
put down to him. However, he had grabbed for and caught a fair amount of
"siller and gold," but it failed to realize to him--

  An elegant sufficiency, content,
  Retirement, rural quiet, friendship, books,
  Ease and alternate labour, useful life,
  Progressive virtue, and approving Heaven!

No! all he had realized was that unenviable position so popularly known as
of a man not knowing what to do with himself. His visits to town were now
much more frequent and of longer duration, and for hours he would sit and
loiter about the shops and houses of his old neighbours, so that he might
catch a glimpse, or enjoy a friendly chat with his old friends and
customers. At length he got sick at heart, "wearied to the bone," and
sighed for the bustle of London Life.

From the following letter written to his sister, Mrs. Ryle, in 1840, and
now before us, we glean something of his state of mind and bodily
health:--

    July, 4th, 40.

    Dear Sister,--

    I have been very ill for these last three weeks. I was obliged to send
    for Dr. Morris to cup me, which did some good for a few days, since
    then the pains have gone into my breast and ribs, and for the last
    three days I have kept my bed, and could take nothing but a little tea
    and water-gruel. I wish you to procure me 6 Bills to stick on my
    window shutters, outside and in, "This House to be Let," and send them
    with 1/2lb Tea as soon as possible--but do not send them by Salmon's
    Coach, for he will not leave them at Jackson's as Wild does, but
    sends a boy with it, which costs me double porterage. I feel the loss
    of my jelly now I am so ill, and can eat little or nothing, it would
    have done my throat good. I have a great crop of black and red berries
    [currants] if you choose I will send them up, and you can make some
    jelly for us both; let me know as soon as you can, say Wednesday
    morning and I will make the Postwoman call for the parcel at
    Jackson's. I also wish you to enquire of Carr what is the lowest he
    will take for the rooms over Mrs. Morgan, by the 1/2 year.

    I have nothing more to say but to be remembered to Mary and Paul, and
    remain

        [Signature: Yours truly
            James Catnach]

    Pray send a paper of the execution of the Valet, and the trial of
    Oxford--Mrs. Westley has not sent me 1 paper since I was last in
    town--neither has Thornton.

    Mrs. Ryle,
    2 & 3, Monmouth Court,
    Compton Street, London.

Ultimately Catnach hired the rooms he speaks about in the body of his
letter to his sister, which were on the first floor of No. 6, Monmouth
Court. All the vacant space in his old premises being now fully occupied
by Mrs. Ryle, and her assistants, now "the humble cottage fenc'd with
osiers round," which to his leisure afforded no pleasure, was entirely
deserted, and in London he fretted out the remaining portion of his life.
He soon grew peevish, and his brain got a little out of balance, then he
listlessly wandered in and out of the streets, courts, and alleys, "infirm
of purpose." On stormy days and nights to stand and view the lightning
from Waterloo Bridge was his special delight, and wonder. His temper and
liver were now continually out of order, and which whiskey, even
"potations pottle deep," failed to relieve. At length he died of jaundice,
in the very London court in which he had muck'd and grubbed for the best
part of his life, on the first day of February, 1841. Like other great men
of history he has several _locales_ mentioned as his final
resting-place--Hornsey, Barnet, South Mimms, &c.

    _Urbes, certarunt septem de patria Homeri,
    Nulla domus vivo patria fuit._

    Seven cities strove whence Homer first should come, When living, he no
    country had nor home:--_Tom Nash, 1599._

    Seven Grecian cities vied for Homer dead,
    Through which the living Homer begged his bread.

    Seven cities vied for Homer's birth, with emulation pious,--Salamis,
    Samos, Colophon, Rhodes, Argos, Athens, Chios.--_From the Greek._

But Catnach lies buried in Highgate Cemetery, in one of the two plots that
Mrs. Ryle purchased sometime previous to her brother's death. The official
number of the grave is 256, SQUARE 29, over which is placed a flat stone,
inscribed:--

  IN MEMORY OF
  JAMES CATNACH,
  _Of Dancer's Hill_.
  DIED 1ST FEBRUARY, 1841,
  Aged 49.


  ANNE RYLE,
  Sister to the above, and widow of Joseph Ryle, who died in
  India, 10th October, 1823. She died 20th April, 1870,
  Aged 75.

  _Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord._

The freehold in the other plot of ground, after Catnach's death, was
transferred to Mr. Robert Palmer Harding, the accountant of London, who
married Catnach's niece. The stone records the death of ELIZABETH
CORNELIA, third daughter of Robert Palmer Harding and Marion Martha
Harding, born 9 June, 1848, died 8 of November, 1848; and GREVILLE, second
son of the above, born 29 May, 1856, died 3 September, 1856. This grave is
now numbered 5179. We have been thus minute in respect to Catnach's grave,
from the circumstance of our having received so many contradictory
statements as to its whereabouts. But however, we have removed all doubt
from our mind by a personal visit to the Highgate Cemetery where under the
guidance of the very civil and obliging superintendent of the grounds, Mr.
W. F. Tabois, we were conducted to the spot we required, then introduced
to Mr. Marks, the sexton, "here man and boy thirty years," and whom we
found very intelligent and communicative on various _subjects_--

  "From _grave_ to gay, from lively to severe."

After Catnach's death, Mr. James Paul entered into partnership with Mrs.
Ryle, and then the business was carried on under the title and style of A.
Ryle and Paul. In 1845 the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Paul receiving
L800 in settlement. He then entered into the public line taking the
Spencer's Arms, at the corner of the Monmouth Court. A son that was born
to him in 1847, he had christened James Catnach Paul. He died in the year
1870, just six weeks after Mrs. Ryle, and lies buried in the next grave
but one to Catnach and his sister.

After Mr. Paul had left the business it was carried on as Ryle & Co., and
ultimately became the property of Mr. W. S. Fortey, who still carries on
the old business in the same quarter.

For the purpose of clearing up, if possible, some contradictory
statements, a few years ago we made personal search through the
musty-fusty red-tapeism of Doctor's Commons for the Will and Testament--or
"LAST DYING SPEECH" of "James Catnach, of Dancer's Hill, South Mimms, in
the county of Middlesex, Gentleman, formerly of Monmouth Court, Monmouth
Street, Printer," an office copy of which, together with Probate and
Administration Act, we give below, by which it will be seen that the
Personal Effects are sworn to as under three hundred pounds. But this
gives us no idea of the value of his "Freehold, Copyhold, or Leasehold
Estate" mentioned in the body of the Will.

  "Extracted from the principal Registry
   of Her Majesty's Court of Probate.

"In the Prerogative Court of Canterbury--

"This is the last Will and Testament of me JAMES CATNACH of Dancers Hill,
South Mimms in the County of Middlesex Gentleman formerly of Monmouth
Court Monmouth Street Printer I direct that my just debts funeral and
testamentary expences be paid as soon as conveniently may be after my
decease and subject thereto I give devise and bequeath all my real and
personal Estate whatever and wheresoever and of what nature or kind soever
to my Sister Anne the Widow of Joseph Ryle now residing in Monmouth Court
aforesaid her heirs executors and administrators according to the nature
and qualities thereof respectively In trust nevertheless for her Daughter
Marion Martha Ryle her heirs executors administrators and assigns
respectively when she shall attain the age of twenty one years absolutely
with power in the meantime to apply the rents interest dividends or
proceeds thereof for and towards the maintenance education and advancement
of the said Marion Martha Ryle and notwithstanding the private means of my
said Sister may be adequate to such purpose but if the said Marion Martha
Ryle shall depart this life before she shall attain the age of twenty one
years then I give devise and bequeath all my said real and personal Estate
to my said Sister her heirs executors administrators and assigns
absolutely I hereby direct that during the minority of the said Marion
Martha Ryle it shall be lawful for the said Anne Ryle her heirs executors
administrators to demise or lease all or any part of my freehold copyhold
or leasehold Estate for any term consistent with the tenure thereof not
exceeding twenty one years so that on every such demise the best yearly
rent be reserved that can be obtained for the property which shall be
therein comprised without taking any fine or premium and so that the
tenant or lessee be not made dispunishable for waste I hereby nominate
constitute and appoint my said Sister sole Executrix of this my Will and
hereby revoking all former and other Wills by me at any time heretofore
made I declare this to be my last Will and Testament. In witness whereof I
have hereunto set my hand the twenty second day of January one thousand
eight hundred and thirty nine--JAMES CATNACH--Signed and acknowledged by
the above named James Catnach as and for his last Will and Testament in
the presence of us present at the same time who in his presence and the
presence of each other have hereunto set our names as Witnesses--William
Kinsey 13 Suffolk St. Pall Mall Solr.--Wm. Tookey his Clerk."


[THE PROBATE AND ADMINISTRATION ACT.]

  "EXTRACTED from the principal Registry
   of Her Majesty's Court of Probate.

"In the Prerogative Court of Canterbury--

April, 1842.

"JAMES CATNACH--On the second day of April administration (with the Will
annexed) of the Goods Chattels and Credits of James Catnach formerly of
Monmouth Court Monmouth Street Printer but late of Dancers Hill South
Mimms both in the county of Middlesex Gentleman deceased was granted to
William Kinsey Esquire the Curator or Guardian lawfully assigned to Marion
Martha Ryle Spinster a Minor the Niece and usufructuary Universal Legate
until she shall attain the age of twenty one years and the absolute
Universal Legatee on attaining that age named in the said Will for the use
and benefit of the said minor and until she shall attain the age of twenty
one years have been first sworn duly to administer Anne Ryle Widow the
Sister sole Executrix Universal Legatee In trust and the contingent
universal Legatee named in the said Will and also the natural and lawful
Mother and next of kin of the said minor having first renounced the
probate and execution of the said Will and the Letters of administration
(with the said Will annexed) of the goods of the said deceased and also
the Curation or Guardianship of the said Minor and consented (as by Acts
of Court appear)--

_EFFECTS UNDER THREE HUNDRED POUNDS._


It is gratifying to be able to record that what the late Mr. Catnach was
to the masses in the way of news provider some fifty years ago, the penny
papers are now, with this exception, that the former tended to lower and
degrade their pursuit after knowledge, the latter, on the contrary,
improve and elevate them while they amuse and instruct all who peruse
their contents. With the march of intellect, and the thirst for knowledge
blended with the desire for truth, out went, to a great extent, the penny
broad-sheet. Several persons made the attempt to revive it long after the
death of the great original Jemmy Catnach, but without success.

[Illustration: FINIS.]




[Illustration: THE INDEX.]


[Symbol: Pointing hand] The be-all and the end-all here.




INDEX.


  Adelaide, Queen, 89

  A Funny Dialogue, 294

  Alnwick--The Borough of, 1
    "  St. Michael's Church, 2
    "  Parish Register, 2
    "  Catnach's shop in, 3
    "  Register of Death, 3
    "  Printing Press in, 4
    "  The Catnach Press, 4
    "  The Castle, 6
    "  The Abbey, 6
    "  Davison's business, 9
    "  Election at, 74

  Attack on William IV, 88


  Ballads:--Banks of the Nile, 239
    "  Crazy Jane, 240
    "  Death of Nelson, 236
    "  Drink to me eyes, 228
    "  Gallant Sailor, 224
    "  Meet me Willow Glen, 227
    "  Mistletoe Bough, 229
    "  Mountain Maid, 226
    "  O Rare Turpin, 225
    "  Rose will cease to blow, 230
    "  Scarlet Flower, 237
    "  Sun that lights Roses, 233
    "  The Thorn, 238
    "  True Hearted Sailor, 231
    "  When Bibo though fit, 232
    "  Woodpecker, The, 234
    "  Ye Topers all, 235

  Benton, Mrs. _nee_ Elizabeth Catnach, 38

  Bewick, T., wood-engraver, 14

  Bewick Collector, The, 16

  Bewick:--See BOOKS

  Bewick's Illustrations--See BOOKS.

  Bishop and Williams, 84

  Black Sal and Dusty Bob, 45

  Books printed by John Catnach:--
    "  Beauties of Natural History 4
    "  Chevy Chase, 34
    "  Cock Robin, 8
    "  Dr. Johnson's Works, 34
    "  Hermit of Warkworth, 5
    "  Life of Thompson, 34
    "  Stockdale's Poems, 4

  ----By Catnach and Davison:--
    "  Beattie's Minstrel, 9
    "  Blair's Grave, 9
    "  Burn's Poems, 13
    "  Gray's Elegy, 9

  ----By Davison:--
    "  Crazy Jane, 12
    "  Ferguson's Poems, 14
    "  Guess Book, The, 17, 32
    "  Halfpenny Books, 16
    "  Northumberland Minstrel, 15
    "  Repository, The, 11

  ----Illustrated by Bewick.
    "  Beauties of Natural History, 4
    "  Burn's Poems, 13
    "  Blair's Grave, 9
    "  Hermit of Warkworth, 5
    "  Repository, The, 11
    "  Stockdale's Poems, 4

  Brown, Mrs., murdered, 91

  Brunswick Theatre, The, 77

  Burkers, The, 84

  Burnie, Sir Richard, 43

  Burradon Ghost, The, 4


  Caroline, Queen, The trial of, 46
    Verses on, 47, 48, 50
    Death of, 49, 51

  Cato Street Conspiracy, The, 45, 46

  Catchpennies:--Apparition, The, 261
    "  Burning Shame, 281
    "  Cruel Murder, 264
    "  Execution of Ward, 273
    "  Extraordinary Marriage, 285
    "  Horrid Murder, 267
    "  Liverpool Tragedy, 270
    "  Murder by a Soldier, 269
    "  Murder of Capt. Lawson 264
    "  Murder of Two Lovers, 291
    "  Secrets Revealed, 269
    "  Scarborough Tragedy, 265
    "  Shocking News, 289
    "  Shocking Rape, 291

  Catnach, John--the father, born 1
    "  Married, 2
    "  At Alnwick, 3, 4, 5, 8
    "  At Newcastle, 33
    "  A Bankrupt, 35
    "  In London, 35, 36
    "  Death of, 37

  Catnach, James, born 1792, 2
    "  His early life, 38
    "  Arrives in London, 40
    "  Imprisoned for 6 months, 43
    "  Queen Caroline, 47
    "  Verses on Caroline, 48
    "  Life in London, 57, 63
    "  At Alnwick, 75, 76
    "  And Mother Cummins, 81
    "  His education, 94
    "  Nursery books, 94
    "  Christmas Carols, 242
    "  His Woodcuts, 257
    "  Dying Speeches, 258
    "  His Retirement, 295
    "  At Dancer's Hill, 296
    "  Letter to his sister, 297
    "  Return to London, 298
    "  Death of, 299
    "  Will of the, 301

  Charlotte, The Princess of, 42
    "         "     " Death of, 43

  Christmas Carols, 241 to 255

  Collins, Dennis, 88

  Copy of Affectionate Verses, 65, 66, 67, 68, 80, 292

  Clennell, Luke, 4

  Corder, Wm., The murderer, 79
    "      "   Execution of, 80

  Cruikshank, George, 54

  Cruikshank, Robert, 55

  Cubitt's Treadmill, 64

  Cummins "Mother", 81
    and Catnach, 81-2-3

  Davison of Alnwick:--

  Davison and Catnach, 1
    "  Partnership, 9-11
    "  His chemistry, 9
    "  Death of, 15

  Dennis Collins, 88


  Earl Grey, 87

  Executions--Public of:--
    Bishop and Williams, 85
    Courvoisier, 92
    Corder, 92
    Fauntleroy, Mr. H., banker, 73
    Five Pirates, The, 92
    Greenacre, 92
    Muller, 92
    Mannings, 92
    Pegsworth, 91
    Thurtell, 72


  False News, circulating of, 14

  Flying Stationer, The, 66

  Fortey, Mr., 242-300


  George the III, death of, 45

  George the IV, 45

  Goldie, Mr., of Alnwick, 94

  Graham, printer, Alnwick, 39

  Greenacre and Gale, 91

  Gurney, Mr. Baron, 89


  Haines, Mrs. _nee_ Mary Catnach, 38

  "Hanging Matches", 65

  Hugo, Rev. Thomas, 13, 15
    "   his Bewick collector, 16, 39


  Jane Williams, 292

  Juvenile Books:--
    A Apple Pie, 177
    Butterfly's Ball, 163
    Cinderella, 203
    Cock Robin, 199
    Easter Gift, The, 171
    Golden Pippin, The, 113
    Good Child's Alphabet, 207
    Guess Book, The, 17
    Jack Jingle, 197
    Jerry Diddle, 129
    Jumping Joan, 145
    Mother Hubbard, 187
    New Year's Gift, 205
    Nurse Love-child's, 97
    Nursery Rhymes, 193
    Red Riding Hood, 201
    Simple Simon, 195


  Kent, Duke of, his death, 45


  Life in London, by Pierce Egan, 52
    on the Stage, 54
    Catnach's version 57, 63
    Thackeray on, 64

  Likeness of the Murderer, 69
    "      "  William Corder, 79

  Lindsay, Printer, &c., 4

  Long, Song Seller, The, 221


  Marten, Maria, Murder of, 78
    "       "    Verses on, 80

  Mayhew's "London Labour", 69, 92

  Morgan, John, Poet!, 43, 47, 82


  Paul, Mr., 296, 300

  Pitts, John, 40
    "  Old Mother, 41

  Pizzey, Sausage Maker, The 43, 44

  Pocock, Mr. C. J. of Brighton, 57


  Red Barn, The, 78

  Reform Bill, The, 87

  Ryle, Mrs. Anne, 296, 297
    "  death of, 299
    "  Marion Martha, 296


  Sarah Gale, 91

  Seven Dials, The Bards of, 40, 41
    "    "   The Trade in, 42
    "    "   and Queen Caroline, 47

  Shocking Rape and Murder, 291

  Smith, Mark, of Alnwick:--
    "  Apprenticed to Catnach, 9
    "  in London, 35
    "  in Alnwick, 74
    "  his autograph, 39
    "  the death of, 74

  Songs, 3 yards-a-penny, 222


  Thistlewood, The Conspirator, 46

  Thompson, John, Life of, 34

  Thurtell, and Weare, 70
    "  Execution of, 72

  Tom and Jerry, 53, 55
    "  the Tears of, 55

  Treadmill, The, 64


  Vestris, Madame, 89

  Vint, John, Printer, &c., 4


  Walker, Mr., Paternoster Row, 35

  Weare, Mr., Murder of, 70

  William the IV, 88

  Willoughby family Alnwick, 36


[Illustration]




FOOTNOTES:

[1] FRIENDLY LEAD, a gathering at a low public-house, for the purpose of
assisting some one who is "in trouble," _i.e._, in prison, or who has just
"come out of trouble," or who is in want of a "mouthpiece" to defend him,
and so forth.

[2] This is an error--See page 76.

[3] The numbers at the close of the Poll on Saturday, 24th March, at three
o'clock, stood as under:--

  Sir Francis Burdett     5,327
  J. Cam Hobhouse, Esq.   4,884
  Hon. W. Lamb            4,436

[4] Mr. George Skelly--_Alnwick_.

[5] At an interview which we had in 1877 with

[Signature: E Benton]

_Nee._ Elizabeth Catnach, the last survivor of the family of John and Mary
Catnach, she informed us that the MS. book alluded to above, remained in
the family for many years, and was last known to be in the possession of
the sister Mary--Mrs. Haines, of Gosport, to the date of about 1863.

[6] Pitts, a modern publisher of love garlands, merriments, penny ballads,

  "Who, ere he went to heaven,
   Domiciled in Dials Seven!"--
            G. DANIEL'S "Democritus in London."

[7] The late John Camden Hotten's Introduction to the new edition of "Life
in London." Chatto & Windus: Piccadilly.

[8] Our thanks are due, and are hereby given to Mr. Crawford John Pocock,
of Cannon Place, Brighton, for the loan and use of his--what we feel
almost inclined to consider--unique copy of Catnach's broadside of "Life
in London."

[9] The above copied, _verbatim_ At our request, by Mr. George Skelly, of
Alnwick.

[10] E. L. Blanchard, in an article entitled, "Vanished Theatres," in the
_Era Almanack_, 1877.




Transcriber's Notes:

Passages in italics are indicated by _italics_.

Superscripted characters are indicated by {superscript}.

The original text includes various symbols that are represented as
[Symbol: description] in this text version.






End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of the Catnach Press, by
Charles Hindley

*** 