GOAD (Game Of Active Directory) - version 2

Description

GOAD is a pentest active directory LAB project. The purpose of this lab is to give pentesters a vulnerable Active directory environment ready to use to practice usual attack techniques.

warning

This lab is extremely vulnerable, do not reuse recipe to build your environment and do not deploy this environment on internet (this is a recommendation, use it as your own risk) This repository is for pentest practice only.

licenses

This lab use free windows VM only (180 days). After that delay enter a license on each server or rebuild all the lab (may be it's time for an update ;))

Installation

Installation is in two part :

providing : it is made with vagrant, it download and run empty windows box.
provisioning : it is made with ansible, it will install all the stuff to make the lab running like an active directory network

tldr;

You are on linux, you already got virtualbox, vagrant and docker installed on your host and you know what you are doing, just run :

# providing
vagrant up
# provisioning
sudo docker build -t goadansible .
sudo docker run -ti --rm --network host -h goadansible -v $(pwd):/goad -w /goad/ansible goadansible ansible-playbook main.yml

Now you can grab a coffee it will take time :)

Requirements

So far the lab has only been tested on a linux machine, but it should work as well on macOS. Ansible has some problems with Windows hosts so I don't know about that.

For the setup to work properly you need to install:

Virtualbox

virtualbox actually the vms are provided to be run on virtualbox so you need a working virtualbox environment on your computer

Vagrant

vagrant from their official site vagrant. The version you can install through your favorite package manager (apt, yum, ...) is probably not the latest one.
Install vagrant plugin vbguest: vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest (not needed anymore)
Vagrant install with hashicorp repository example :

wget -O- https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com/gpg | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list
sudo apt update && sudo apt install vagrant=2.2.19

Ansible with docker

If you want to do the provisioning from a docker container you could launch the following command to prepare the container

sudo docker build -t goadansible .

Ansible on your host

If you want to play ansible from your host you should launch the following commands :
Create a python >= 3.8 virtualenv

sudo apt install git
git clone git@github.com:Orange-Cyberdefense/GOAD.git
cd GOAD/ansible
sudo apt install python3.8-venv
python3.8 -m virtualenv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate

Install ansible and pywinrm in the .venv
- ansible following the extensive guide on their website ansible.
- Tested with ansible-core (2.12)
- pywinrm be sure you got the pywinrm package installed

python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
python3 -m pip install ansible-core==2.12.6
python3 -m pip install pywinrm

Install all the ansible-galaxy requirements
- ansible windows
- ansible community.windows
- ansible chocolatey (not needed anymore)
- ansible community.general

ansible-galaxy install -r requirements.yml

Vagrant and virtualbox are used to provide the virtual machines and Ansible is use to automate the configuration and vulnerabilites setup.

V2 breaking changes

If you previously install the v1 do not try to update as a lot of things have changed. Just drop your old lab and build the new one (you will not regret it)
Chocolatey is no more used and basic tools like git or notepad++ are no more installed by default (as chocolatey regularly crash the install due to hitting rate on multiples builds)
ELK is no more installed by default to save resources but you still can install it separately (see the blueteam/elk part)
Dragonstone vm as disappear and there is no more DC replication in the lab to save resources
Wintefell is now a domain controller for the subdomain north of the sevenkingdoms.local domain

Space use

the lab take environ 77GB (but you have to get the space for the vms vagrant images windows server 2016 (22GB) / windows server 2019 (14GB) / ubuntu 18.04 (502M))
the total space needed for the lab is ~115 GB (and more if you take snapshots)

Start / Setup

The default domain will be sevenkingdoms.local, on the subnet 192.168.56.1/24 and each machine has only been allocated with 1CPU and 1024MB of memory. If you want to change some of these performance settings you can modify the Vagrantfile.

To have the lab up and running this is the commands you should do:

VMs creation

pwd
/opt/GOAD  # place yourself in the GOAD folder (where you cloned the project)
vagrant up # this will create the vms (this command must be run in the folder where the Vagrantfile is present)

VMs provisioning
- in one command just play :

ansible-playbook main.yml # this will configure the vms in order to play ansible when the vms are ready

To run the provisioning from the docker container run (you should be in the same folder as the Dockerfile):

sudo docker run -ti --rm --network host -h goadansible -v $(pwd):/goad -w /goad/ansible goadansible ansible-playbook main.yml

Or you can run playbooks one by one (mostly for debug or if you get trouble during install)
- The main.yml playbook is build in multiples parts. each parts can be re-run independently but the play order must be keep in cas you want to play one by one :

ansible-playbook build.yml        # Install stuff and prepare vm
ansible-playbook ad-servers.yml   # create main domains, child domain and enroll servers
ansible-playbook ad-trusts.yml    # create the trust relationships
ansible-playbook ad-data.yml      # import the ad datas : users/groups...
ansible-playbook servers.yml      # Install IIS and MSSQL
ansible-playbook ad-relations.yml # set the rights and the group domains relations
ansible-playbook adcs.yml         # Install ADCS on essos
ansible-playbook ad-acl.yml       # set the ACE/ACL
ansible-playbook security.yml     # Configure some securities (adjust av enable/disable)
ansible-playbook vulns.yml        # Configure some vulnerabilities

when you finish playing you could do :

vagrant halt # will stop all the vm

to just relaunch the lab (no need to replay ansible as you already do that in the first place)

vagrant up   # will start the lab

if you got some errors see the troubleshooting section at the end of the document, but in most case if you get errors during install, don't think and just replay the main playbook (most of the errors which could came up are due to windows latency during installation, wait few minutes and replay the main.yml playbook)

ansible-playbook main.yml

If you want to discuss about Active Directory and the GOAD project

Join us on Discord : https://discord.gg/NYy7rsMf3u

LAB Content - sevenkingdoms.local / north.sevenkingdoms.local / essos.local

Servers

This lab is actually composed of five virtual machines:

kingslanding : DC01 running on Windows Server 2019 (with windefender enabled by default)
winterfell : DC02 running on Windows Server 2019 (with windefender enabled by default)
castelblack : SRV02 running on Windows Server 2019 (with windefender disabled by default)
meereen : DC03 running on Windows Server 2016 (with windefender enabled by default)
braavos : SRV03 running on Windows Server 2016 (with windefender enabled by default)

domain : north.sevenkingdoms.local

winterfell : DC01
castelblack : SRV02 : MSSQL / IIS

domain : sevenkingdoms.local

kingslanding : DC02
castelrock : SRV01 (disabled due to resources reasons)

domain : essos.local

braavos : DC03
meeren : SRV03 : MSSQL / ADCS

The lab setup is automated using vagrant and ansible automation tools. You can change the vm version in the Vagrantfile according to Stefan Scherer vagrant repository : https://app.vagrantup.com/StefanScherer

Blueteam / ELK

elk a kibana is configured on http://192.168.56.50:5601 to follow the lab events
infos : log encyclopedia : https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/encyclopedia/
the elk is not installed by default due to resources reasons.
to install and start the elk play the following commands :
1. uncomment the elk vm in vagrant and provision with vagrant up elk (do not forget to add a coma on the box before)

# { :name => "elk", :ip => "192.168.56.50", :box => "bento/ubuntu-18.04", :os => "linux",
#   :forwarded_port => [
#     {:guest => 22, :host => 2210, :id => "ssh"}
#   ]
# }

uncomment the elk part in ansible/hosts file

[elk:vars]
ansible_connection=ssh
ansible_ssh_user=vagrant
ansible_ssh_private_key_file=./.vagrant/machines/elk/virtualbox/private_key
ansible_ssh_port=22
host_key_checking = false

[elk]
192.168.56.50

install with docker

sudo docker run -ti --rm --network host -h goadansible -v $(pwd):/goad -w /goad/ansible goadansible ansible-playbook elk.yml

or install on hand :

you need sshpass for the elk installation

sudo apt install sshpass

Chocolatey is needed to use elk. To install it run:

ansible-galaxy collection install chocolatey.chocolatey

play the elk.yml playbook to install and run elk:

ansible-playbook elk.yml

Users/Groups and associated vulnerabilites/scenarios

NORTH.SEVENKINGDOMS.LOCAL

STARKS
- arya.stark: Execute as user on mssql
- eddard.stark: DOMAIN ADMIN NORTH/ (bot 5min) LLMRN request to do NTLM relay with responder
- catelyn.stark:
- robb.stark: bot (3min) RESPONDER LLMR
- sansa.stark:
- brandon.stark: ASREP_ROASTING
- rickon.stark: GPO abuse (Edit Settings on "ChangeWallpaperInBlue" GPO)
- theon.greyjoy:
- jon.snow: mssql admin / KERBEROASTING / group cross domain / mssql trusted link
- hodor: PASSWORD SPRAY (user=password)
NIGHT WATCH
- samwell.tarly: Password in ldap description / mssql execute as login
- jon.snow: (see starks)
- jeor.mormont: (see mormont)
MORMONT
- jeor.mormont: ACL writedacl-writeowner on group Night Watch
AcrossTheSea : cross forest group

SEVENKINGDOMS.LOCAL

LANISTERS
- tywin.lannister: ACL genericall-on-user cersei.lannister / ACL forcechangepassword on jaime.lanister
- jaime.lannister: ACL genericwrite-on-user cersei.lannister
- tyron.lannister: ACL self-self-membership-on-group Domain Admins
- cersei.lannister: DOMAIN ADMIN SEVENKINGDOMS
BARATHEON
- robert.baratheon: DOMAIN ADMIN SEVENKINGDOMS
- joffrey.baratheon:
- renly.baratheon:
- stannis.baratheon: ACL genericall-on-computer kingslanding / ACL writeproperty-self-membership Domain Admins
SMALL COUNCIL
- petyer.baelish: ACL writeproperty-on-group Domain Admins
- lord.varys: ACL genericall-on-group Domain Admins
- maester.pycelle: ACL write owner on group Domain Admins

ESSOS.LOCAL

TARGERYEN
- daenerys.targaryen: DOMAIN ADMIN ESSOS
- viserys.targaryen:
- jorah.mormont: mssql trusted link
DOTHRAKI
- khal.drogo: mssql admin / GenericAll on viserys (shadow credentials) / GenericAll on ECS4
DragonsFriends: cross forest group
Spys: cross forest group

Computers Users and group permissions

SEVENKINGDOMS
- DC01 : kingslanding.sevenkingdoms.local (Windows Server 2019) (SEVENKINGDOMS DC)
  - Admins : robert.baratheon (U), cersei.lannister (U)
  - RDP: Small Council (G)
NORTH
- DC02 : winterfell.north.sevenkingdoms.local (Windows Server 2019) (NORTH DC)
  - Admins : eddard.stark (U), catelyn.stark (U), robb.stark (U)
  - RDP: Stark(G)
- SRV02 : castelblack.essos.local (Windows Server 2019) (IIS, MSSQL, SMB share)
  - Admins: jeor.mormont (U)
  - RDP: Night Watch (G), Mormont (G), Stark (G)
  - IIS : allow asp upload, run as NT Authority/network
  - MSSQL:
    - admin : jon.snow
    - impersonate :
      - execute as login : samwel.tarlly -> sa
      - execute as user : arya.stark -> dbo
    - link :
      - to braavos : jon.snow -> sa
ESSOS
- DC03 : meereen.essos.local (Windows Server 2016) (ESSOS DC)
  - Admins: daenerys.targaryen (U)
  - RDP: Targaryen (G)
- SRV03 : braavos.essos.local (Windows Server 2016) (MSSQL, SMB share)
  - Admins: khal.drogo (U)
  - RDP: Dothraki (G)
  - MSSQL :
    - admin : khal.drogo
    - impersonate :
      - execute as login : jorah.mormont -> sa
    - link:
      - to castelblack: jorah.mormont -> sa

ROAD MAP

MISC commands

Force replication (no more used)

On dragonstone play as domain admin user :

repadmin /replicate kingslanding.sevenkingdoms.local dragonstone.sevenkingdoms.local dc=sevenkingdoms,dc=local /full

vagrant usefull commands (vm management)

start all lab vms :

vagrant up

start only one vm :

vagrant up <vmname>

stop all the lab vm :

vagrant halt

drop all the lab vm (because you want to recreate all) (carrefull : this will erase all your lab instance)

vagrant destroy

snapshot the lab (https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/cli/snapshot)

vagrant snapshot push

restore the lab snapshot (this could break servers relationship, reset servers passwords with fix_trust.yml playbook)

vagrant snapshot pop

ansible commands (provisionning management)

Play only an ansible part

only play shares of member_server.yml :

ansible-playbook member_server.yml --tags "data,shares"

Play only on some server

ansible-playbook -l dc2 domain_controller.yml

Add some vulns

ansible-playbook vulnerabilities.yml

Troubleshooting

In most case if you get errors during install, don't think and just replay the main playbook (most of the errors which could came up are due to windows latency during installation, wait few minutes and replay the main.yml playbook)

ansible-playbook main.yml

### Groups domain error

something go wrong with the trust, all the links are not fully establish
wait several minutes and relaunch the playbook
i really don't know why this append time to time on installation, if you want to investigate and resolve the issue please tell me how.

An exception occurred during task execution. To see the full traceback, use -vvv. The error was:    at Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.Commands.ADCmdletBase`1.BeginProcessing()
failed: [192.168.56.xx] (item={'key': 'DragonsFriends', 'value': ['sevenkingdoms.local\\tyron.lannister', 'essos.local\\daenerys.targaryen']}) => {"ansible_loop_var": "item", "attempts": 3, "changed": false, "item": {"key": "DragonsFriends", "value": ["north.sevenkingdoms.local\\jon.snow", "sevenkingdoms.local\\tyron.lannister", "essos.local\\daenerys.targaryen"]}, "msg": "Unhandled exception while executing module: Either the target name is incorrect or the server has rejected the client credentials."}

Error Add-Warning

You got an "Add-Warning" error during the user installation.
Upgrade to community.windows galaxy >= 1.11.0
relaunch the ansible playbooks.

An exception occurred during task execution. To see the full traceback, use -vvv. The error was: at , : line 475
failed: [192.168.56.11] (item={'key': 'arya.stark', 'value': {'firstname': 'Arya', 'surname': 'Stark',
...
"msg": "Unhandled exception while executing module: The term 'Add-Warning' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again."}+

A parameter cannot be found that matches parameter name 'AcceptLicense'

If you got this kind of error you got an ansible.windows version >= 1.11.0
This version add the parameter AcceptLicense but it is accepted only for PowerShellGet module >= 1.6.0 and this one is not embededded in the vms.
Please keep version 1.11.0 and update the lab to get the fix for the PowerShellGet Module version.

fatal: [xxx]: FAILED! => {
    "changed": false,
    "msg": "Problems installing XXXX module: A parameter cannot be found that matches parameter name 'AcceptLicense'.",
    "nuget_changed": false,
    "output": "",
    "repository_changed": false
}

old Ansible version

ERROR! no action detected in task. This often indicates a misspelled module name, or incorrect module path.
 
The error appears to have been in '/home/hrrb0032/Documents/mission/GOAD/roles/domain_controller/tasks/main.yml': line 8, column 3, but maybe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.
 
The offending line appears to be:
 
- name: disable enhanced exit codes
^ here

solution : upgrade Ansible

old ansible.windows version

ERROR! couldn't resolve module/action 'win_powershell'. This often indicates a misspelling, missing collection, or incorrect module path.

solution: reinstall ansible.windows module :

ansible-galaxy collection install ansible.windows --force

winrm

PLAY [DC01 - kingslanding] *******************************************************

 

TASK [Gathering Facts] ***********************************************************
fatal: [192.168.56.10]: FAILED! => {"msg": "winrm or requests is not installed: No module named winrm"}

 

PLAY RECAP ***********************************************************************
192.168.56.10              : ok=0    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=1    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

solution : pip install pywinrm

winrm send input timeout

TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************
[WARNING]: ERROR DURING WINRM SEND INPUT - attempting to recover: WinRMOperationTimeoutError
ok: [192.168.56.11]

solution : wait or if crashed then re-run Ansible script

Domain controller : ensure Users are present

TASK [domain_controller : Ensure that Users presents in ou=<kingdom>,dc=SEVENKINGDOMS,dc=local] ***************************************************************************
An exception occurred during task execution. To see the full traceback, use -vvv. The error was:    at Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.Commands.ADCmdletBase`1.ProcessRecord()
failed: [192.168.56.10] (item={u'key': u'lord.varys', u'value': {u'city': u"King's Landing", u'password': u'_W1sper_$', u'name': u'Lord Varys', u'groups': u'Small Council', u'path': u'OU=Users,OU=Crownlands,OU=kingdoms,DC=SEVENKINGDOMS,DC=local'}}) => {"ansible_loop_var": "item", "changed": false, "item": {"key": "lord.varys", "value": {"city": "King's Landing", "groups": "Small Council", "name": "Lord Varys", "password": "_W1sper_$", "path": "OU=Users,OU=Crownlands,OU=kingdoms,DC=SEVENKINGDOMS,DC=local"}}, "msg": "Unhandled exception while executing module: An unspecified error has occurred"}

solution : re-run Ansible script

mssql : Unable to install SQL Server

TASK [mssql : Install the database]
fatal: [192.168.56.22]: FAILED! => {"attempts": 3, "changed": true, "cmd": "c:\\setup\\mssql\\sql_installer.exe /configurationfile=c:\\setup\\mssql\\sql_conf.ini /IACCEPTSQLSERVERLICENSETERMS /MEDIAPATH=c:\\setup\\mssql\\media /QUIET /HIDEPROGRESSBAR", "delta": "0:00:34.891185", "end": "2022-08-17 21:26:53.976793", "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": 2226323458, "start": "2022-08-17 21:26:19.085608", "stderr": "", "stderr_lines": [], "stdout": "Microsoft (R) SQL Server Installer\r\nCopyright (c) 2019 Microsoft.  All rights reserved.\r\n\r\nDownloading install package...\r\n\r\n\r\nOperation finished with result: Failure\r\n\r\nOops...\r\n\r\nUnable to install SQL Server (setup.exe).\r\n\r\n      Exit code (Decimal): -2068643838\r\n      Exit message: No features were installed during the setup execution. The requested features may already be installed. Please review the summary.txt log for further details.\r\n\r\n  SQL SERVER INSTALL LOG FOLDER\r\n      c:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\150\\Setup Bootstrap\\Log\\20220817_142624\r\n\r\n", "stdout_lines": ["Microsoft (R) SQL Server Installer", "Copyright (c) 2019 Microsoft.  All rights reserved.", "", "Downloading install package...", "", "", "Operation finished with result: Failure", "", "Oops...", "", "Unable to install SQL Server (setup.exe).", "", "      Exit code (Decimal): -2068643838", "      Exit message: No features were installed during the setup execution. The requested features may already be installed. Please review the summary.txt log for further details.", "", "  SQL SERVER INSTALL LOG FOLDER", "      c:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\150\\Setup Bootstrap\\Log\\20220817_142624", ""]}

solution : re-run Ansible server script: ansible-playbook servers.yml

Special Thanks to

Thomas Rollain (tests & some vulns writing)
Quentin Galliou (tests)

Links

Note

This repo is based on the work of jckhmr and kkolk

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 71 Commits
ad/sevenkingdoms.local		ad/sevenkingdoms.local
ansible		ansible
docs		docs
vagrant		vagrant
.gitignore		.gitignore
Dockerfile		Dockerfile
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
Vagrantfile		Vagrantfile

License

hilarex/GOAD

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