WIP: Add data update coordinator to evohome

[zxdavb]

Proposed change

This PR prepares evohome for config flow, the intention is for a series of smaller PRs, rather than one large PR.

There are no new features, and no breaking changes. There is no need to update existing documentation.

Type of change

• Dependency upgrade
• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New integration (thank you!)
• New feature (which adds functionality to an existing integration)
• Deprecation (breaking change to happen in the future)
• Breaking change (fix/feature causing existing functionality to break)
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests

Additional information

This PR:

• adds a data update co-ordinator in coordinator.py and moves the existing Broker there
• creates const.py and moves many constants there (as they are now shared between modules)
• adds some typing, mainly Final (for constants)
• moves some code around in anticipation of upcoming PRs, renames some symbols starting with an underscore

In later PRs, I will split the Broker into Auth and Update components, before adding ConfigFlow.

Checklist

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Local tests pass. Your PR cannot be merged unless tests pass
• There is no commented out code in this PR.
• I have followed the development checklist
• I have followed the perfect PR recommendations
• The code has been formatted using Ruff (ruff format homeassistant tests)
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works.

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated for www.home-assistant.io

If the code communicates with devices, web services, or third-party tools:

• The manifest file has all fields filled out correctly.
  Updated and included derived files by running: python3 -m script.hassfest.
• New or updated dependencies have been added to requirements_all.txt.
  Updated by running python3 -m script.gen_requirements_all.
• For the updated dependencies - a link to the changelog, or at minimum a diff between library versions is added to the PR description.
• Untested files have been added to .coveragerc.

To help with the load of incoming pull requests:

• I have reviewed two other open pull requests in this repository.

[edenhaus]

Drafting it as the title specifies as a work in progress.

[zxdavb]

On hold: will resubmit after #118471 is merged