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extern "C" 修改 #116

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34 changes: 31 additions & 3 deletions README.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -324,10 +324,38 @@ Bit mode: 2; // mode 占 2 位

### extern "C"

* 被 extern 限定的函数或变量是 extern 类型的
* 被 `extern "C"` 修饰的变量和函数是按照 C 语言方式编译和链接的
- 可以与使用 C 语言编写的函数进行链接,使得在 C++ 中定义能从 C 单元调用的函数成为可能

`extern "C"` 的作用是让 C++ 编译器将 `extern "C"` 声明的代码当作 C 语言代码处理,可以避免 C++ 因符号修饰导致代码不能和C语言库中的符号进行链接的问题。
`extern "C"` 的作用是让 C++ 编译器将 `extern "C"` 声明的代码导出符号像 C 一样,可以避免 C++ 因符号修饰导致代码不能和 C 语言库中的符号进行链接的问题。

这里需要注意的是,使用 `extern "C"` 也不代表导出的符号没有额外的修饰,这根据编译器,环境,等等,另外 C 没有标准的 ABI(符号修饰)。

即使不使用 `extern "C"` 也不代表一定会被添加额外符号的修饰,比如:

```cpp
#include<iostream>

int a = 0;

namespace ss{
int a = 0;
}

extern int _ZN2ss1aE;

int main(){
_ZN2ss1aE = 100;
std::cout<<ss::a<<'\n';
}
```

[运行结果](https://godbolt.org/z/hdjsr8sd3):

```txt
100
```

在 gcc 和 clang 的某些环境下,在全局作用域声明的对象不会有任何的额外符号修饰。

extern "C" 使用

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