blob.go

package storage

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/xml"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"
)

// BlobStorageClient contains operations for Microsoft Azure Blob Storage
// Service.
type BlobStorageClient struct {
	client Client
}

// A Container is an entry in ContainerListResponse.
type Container struct {
	Name       string              `xml:"Name"`
	Properties ContainerProperties `xml:"Properties"`
	// TODO (ahmetalpbalkan) Metadata
}

// ContainerProperties contains various properties of a container returned from
// various endpoints like ListContainers.
type ContainerProperties struct {
	LastModified  string `xml:"Last-Modified"`
	Etag          string `xml:"Etag"`
	LeaseStatus   string `xml:"LeaseStatus"`
	LeaseState    string `xml:"LeaseState"`
	LeaseDuration string `xml:"LeaseDuration"`
	// TODO (ahmetalpbalkan) remaining fields
}

// ContainerListResponse contains the response fields from
// ListContainers call.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179352.aspx
type ContainerListResponse struct {
	XMLName    xml.Name    `xml:"EnumerationResults"`
	Xmlns      string      `xml:"xmlns,attr"`
	Prefix     string      `xml:"Prefix"`
	Marker     string      `xml:"Marker"`
	NextMarker string      `xml:"NextMarker"`
	MaxResults int64       `xml:"MaxResults"`
	Containers []Container `xml:"Containers>Container"`
}

// A Blob is an entry in BlobListResponse.
type Blob struct {
	Name       string         `xml:"Name"`
	Properties BlobProperties `xml:"Properties"`
	Metadata   BlobMetadata   `xml:"Metadata"`
}

// BlobMetadata is a set of custom name/value pairs.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179404.aspx
type BlobMetadata map[string]string

type blobMetadataEntries struct {
	Entries []blobMetadataEntry `xml:",any"`
}
type blobMetadataEntry struct {
	XMLName xml.Name
	Value   string `xml:",chardata"`
}

// UnmarshalXML converts the xml:Metadata into Metadata map
func (bm *BlobMetadata) UnmarshalXML(d *xml.Decoder, start xml.StartElement) error {
	var entries blobMetadataEntries
	if err := d.DecodeElement(&entries, &start); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for _, entry := range entries.Entries {
		if *bm == nil {
			*bm = make(BlobMetadata)
		}
		(*bm)[strings.ToLower(entry.XMLName.Local)] = entry.Value
	}
	return nil
}

// MarshalXML implements the xml.Marshaler interface. It encodes
// metadata name/value pairs as they would appear in an Azure
// ListBlobs response.
func (bm BlobMetadata) MarshalXML(enc *xml.Encoder, start xml.StartElement) error {
	entries := make([]blobMetadataEntry, 0, len(bm))
	for k, v := range bm {
		entries = append(entries, blobMetadataEntry{
			XMLName: xml.Name{Local: http.CanonicalHeaderKey(k)},
			Value:   v,
		})
	}
	return enc.EncodeElement(blobMetadataEntries{
		Entries: entries,
	}, start)
}

// BlobProperties contains various properties of a blob
// returned in various endpoints like ListBlobs or GetBlobProperties.
type BlobProperties struct {
	LastModified          string   `xml:"Last-Modified"`
	Etag                  string   `xml:"Etag"`
	ContentMD5            string   `xml:"Content-MD5"`
	ContentLength         int64    `xml:"Content-Length"`
	ContentType           string   `xml:"Content-Type"`
	ContentEncoding       string   `xml:"Content-Encoding"`
	CacheControl          string   `xml:"Cache-Control"`
	ContentLanguage       string   `xml:"Cache-Language"`
	BlobType              BlobType `xml:"x-ms-blob-blob-type"`
	SequenceNumber        int64    `xml:"x-ms-blob-sequence-number"`
	CopyID                string   `xml:"CopyId"`
	CopyStatus            string   `xml:"CopyStatus"`
	CopySource            string   `xml:"CopySource"`
	CopyProgress          string   `xml:"CopyProgress"`
	CopyCompletionTime    string   `xml:"CopyCompletionTime"`
	CopyStatusDescription string   `xml:"CopyStatusDescription"`
	LeaseStatus           string   `xml:"LeaseStatus"`
}

// BlobHeaders contains various properties of a blob and is an entry
// in SetBlobProperties
type BlobHeaders struct {
	ContentMD5      string `header:"x-ms-blob-content-md5"`
	ContentLanguage string `header:"x-ms-blob-content-language"`
	ContentEncoding string `header:"x-ms-blob-content-encoding"`
	ContentType     string `header:"x-ms-blob-content-type"`
	CacheControl    string `header:"x-ms-blob-cache-control"`
}

// BlobListResponse contains the response fields from ListBlobs call.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd135734.aspx
type BlobListResponse struct {
	XMLName    xml.Name `xml:"EnumerationResults"`
	Xmlns      string   `xml:"xmlns,attr"`
	Prefix     string   `xml:"Prefix"`
	Marker     string   `xml:"Marker"`
	NextMarker string   `xml:"NextMarker"`
	MaxResults int64    `xml:"MaxResults"`
	Blobs      []Blob   `xml:"Blobs>Blob"`

	// BlobPrefix is used to traverse blobs as if it were a file system.
	// It is returned if ListBlobsParameters.Delimiter is specified.
	// The list here can be thought of as "folders" that may contain
	// other folders or blobs.
	BlobPrefixes []string `xml:"Blobs>BlobPrefix>Name"`

	// Delimiter is used to traverse blobs as if it were a file system.
	// It is returned if ListBlobsParameters.Delimiter is specified.
	Delimiter string `xml:"Delimiter"`
}

// ListContainersParameters defines the set of customizable parameters to make a
// List Containers call.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179352.aspx
type ListContainersParameters struct {
	Prefix     string
	Marker     string
	Include    string
	MaxResults uint
	Timeout    uint
}

func (p ListContainersParameters) getParameters() url.Values {
	out := url.Values{}

	if p.Prefix != "" {
		out.Set("prefix", p.Prefix)
	}
	if p.Marker != "" {
		out.Set("marker", p.Marker)
	}
	if p.Include != "" {
		out.Set("include", p.Include)
	}
	if p.MaxResults != 0 {
		out.Set("maxresults", fmt.Sprintf("%v", p.MaxResults))
	}
	if p.Timeout != 0 {
		out.Set("timeout", fmt.Sprintf("%v", p.Timeout))
	}

	return out
}

// ListBlobsParameters defines the set of customizable
// parameters to make a List Blobs call.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd135734.aspx
type ListBlobsParameters struct {
	Prefix     string
	Delimiter  string
	Marker     string
	Include    string
	MaxResults uint
	Timeout    uint
}

func (p ListBlobsParameters) getParameters() url.Values {
	out := url.Values{}

	if p.Prefix != "" {
		out.Set("prefix", p.Prefix)
	}
	if p.Delimiter != "" {
		out.Set("delimiter", p.Delimiter)
	}
	if p.Marker != "" {
		out.Set("marker", p.Marker)
	}
	if p.Include != "" {
		out.Set("include", p.Include)
	}
	if p.MaxResults != 0 {
		out.Set("maxresults", fmt.Sprintf("%v", p.MaxResults))
	}
	if p.Timeout != 0 {
		out.Set("timeout", fmt.Sprintf("%v", p.Timeout))
	}

	return out
}

// BlobType defines the type of the Azure Blob.
type BlobType string

// Types of page blobs
const (
	BlobTypeBlock  BlobType = "BlockBlob"
	BlobTypePage   BlobType = "PageBlob"
	BlobTypeAppend BlobType = "AppendBlob"
)

// PageWriteType defines the type updates that are going to be
// done on the page blob.
type PageWriteType string

// Types of operations on page blobs
const (
	PageWriteTypeUpdate PageWriteType = "update"
	PageWriteTypeClear  PageWriteType = "clear"
)

const (
	blobCopyStatusPending = "pending"
	blobCopyStatusSuccess = "success"
	blobCopyStatusAborted = "aborted"
	blobCopyStatusFailed  = "failed"
)

// BlockListType is used to filter out types of blocks in a Get Blocks List call
// for a block blob.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179400.aspx for all
// block types.
type BlockListType string

// Filters for listing blocks in block blobs
const (
	BlockListTypeAll         BlockListType = "all"
	BlockListTypeCommitted   BlockListType = "committed"
	BlockListTypeUncommitted BlockListType = "uncommitted"
)

// ContainerAccessType defines the access level to the container from a public
// request.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179468.aspx and "x-ms-
// blob-public-access" header.
type ContainerAccessType string

// Access options for containers
const (
	ContainerAccessTypePrivate   ContainerAccessType = ""
	ContainerAccessTypeBlob      ContainerAccessType = "blob"
	ContainerAccessTypeContainer ContainerAccessType = "container"
)

// Maximum sizes (per REST API) for various concepts
const (
	MaxBlobBlockSize = 4 * 1024 * 1024
	MaxBlobPageSize  = 4 * 1024 * 1024
)

// BlockStatus defines states a block for a block blob can
// be in.
type BlockStatus string

// List of statuses that can be used to refer to a block in a block list
const (
	BlockStatusUncommitted BlockStatus = "Uncommitted"
	BlockStatusCommitted   BlockStatus = "Committed"
	BlockStatusLatest      BlockStatus = "Latest"
)

// Block is used to create Block entities for Put Block List
// call.
type Block struct {
	ID     string
	Status BlockStatus
}

// BlockListResponse contains the response fields from Get Block List call.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179400.aspx
type BlockListResponse struct {
	XMLName           xml.Name        `xml:"BlockList"`
	CommittedBlocks   []BlockResponse `xml:"CommittedBlocks>Block"`
	UncommittedBlocks []BlockResponse `xml:"UncommittedBlocks>Block"`
}

// BlockResponse contains the block information returned
// in the GetBlockListCall.
type BlockResponse struct {
	Name string `xml:"Name"`
	Size int64  `xml:"Size"`
}

// GetPageRangesResponse contains the reponse fields from
// Get Page Ranges call.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/ee691973.aspx
type GetPageRangesResponse struct {
	XMLName  xml.Name    `xml:"PageList"`
	PageList []PageRange `xml:"PageRange"`
}

// PageRange contains information about a page of a page blob from
// Get Pages Range call.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/ee691973.aspx
type PageRange struct {
	Start int64 `xml:"Start"`
	End   int64 `xml:"End"`
}

var (
	errBlobCopyAborted    = errors.New("storage: blob copy is aborted")
	errBlobCopyIDMismatch = errors.New("storage: blob copy id is a mismatch")
)

// ListContainers returns the list of containers in a storage account along with
// pagination token and other response details.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179352.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) ListContainers(params ListContainersParameters) (ContainerListResponse, error) {
	q := mergeParams(params.getParameters(), url.Values{"comp": {"list"}})
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, "", q)
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()

	var out ContainerListResponse
	resp, err := b.client.exec("GET", uri, headers, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()

	err = xmlUnmarshal(resp.body, &out)
	return out, err
}

// CreateContainer creates a blob container within the storage account
// with given name and access level. Returns error if container already exists.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179468.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) CreateContainer(name string, access ContainerAccessType) error {
	resp, err := b.createContainer(name, access)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()
	return checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusCreated})
}

// CreateContainerIfNotExists creates a blob container if it does not exist. Returns
// true if container is newly created or false if container already exists.
func (b BlobStorageClient) CreateContainerIfNotExists(name string, access ContainerAccessType) (bool, error) {
	resp, err := b.createContainer(name, access)
	if resp != nil {
		defer resp.body.Close()
		if resp.statusCode == http.StatusCreated || resp.statusCode == http.StatusConflict {
			return resp.statusCode == http.StatusCreated, nil
		}
	}
	return false, err
}

func (b BlobStorageClient) createContainer(name string, access ContainerAccessType) (*storageResponse, error) {
	verb := "PUT"
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForContainer(name), url.Values{"restype": {"container"}})

	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	if access != "" {
		headers["x-ms-blob-public-access"] = string(access)
	}
	return b.client.exec(verb, uri, headers, nil)
}

// ContainerExists returns true if a container with given name exists
// on the storage account, otherwise returns false.
func (b BlobStorageClient) ContainerExists(name string) (bool, error) {
	verb := "HEAD"
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForContainer(name), url.Values{"restype": {"container"}})
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()

	resp, err := b.client.exec(verb, uri, headers, nil)
	if resp != nil {
		defer resp.body.Close()
		if resp.statusCode == http.StatusOK || resp.statusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
			return resp.statusCode == http.StatusOK, nil
		}
	}
	return false, err
}

// DeleteContainer deletes the container with given name on the storage
// account. If the container does not exist returns error.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179408.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) DeleteContainer(name string) error {
	resp, err := b.deleteContainer(name)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()
	return checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusAccepted})
}

// DeleteContainerIfExists deletes the container with given name on the storage
// account if it exists. Returns true if container is deleted with this call, or
// false if the container did not exist at the time of the Delete Container
// operation.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179408.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) DeleteContainerIfExists(name string) (bool, error) {
	resp, err := b.deleteContainer(name)
	if resp != nil {
		defer resp.body.Close()
		if resp.statusCode == http.StatusAccepted || resp.statusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
			return resp.statusCode == http.StatusAccepted, nil
		}
	}
	return false, err
}

func (b BlobStorageClient) deleteContainer(name string) (*storageResponse, error) {
	verb := "DELETE"
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForContainer(name), url.Values{"restype": {"container"}})

	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	return b.client.exec(verb, uri, headers, nil)
}

// ListBlobs returns an object that contains list of blobs in the container,
// pagination token and other information in the response of List Blobs call.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd135734.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) ListBlobs(container string, params ListBlobsParameters) (BlobListResponse, error) {
	q := mergeParams(params.getParameters(), url.Values{
		"restype": {"container"},
		"comp":    {"list"}})
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForContainer(container), q)
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()

	var out BlobListResponse
	resp, err := b.client.exec("GET", uri, headers, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()

	err = xmlUnmarshal(resp.body, &out)
	return out, err
}

// BlobExists returns true if a blob with given name exists on the specified
// container of the storage account.
func (b BlobStorageClient) BlobExists(container, name string) (bool, error) {
	verb := "HEAD"
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForBlob(container, name), url.Values{})
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	resp, err := b.client.exec(verb, uri, headers, nil)
	if resp != nil {
		defer resp.body.Close()
		if resp.statusCode == http.StatusOK || resp.statusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
			return resp.statusCode == http.StatusOK, nil
		}
	}
	return false, err
}

// GetBlobURL gets the canonical URL to the blob with the specified name in the
// specified container. This method does not create a publicly accessible URL if
// the blob or container is private and this method does not check if the blob
// exists.
func (b BlobStorageClient) GetBlobURL(container, name string) string {
	if container == "" {
		container = "$root"
	}
	return b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForBlob(container, name), url.Values{})
}

// GetBlob returns a stream to read the blob. Caller must call Close() the
// reader to close on the underlying connection.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179440.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) GetBlob(container, name string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
	resp, err := b.getBlobRange(container, name, "", nil)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusOK}); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp.body, nil
}

// GetBlobRange reads the specified range of a blob to a stream. The bytesRange
// string must be in a format like "0-", "10-100" as defined in HTTP 1.1 spec.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179440.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) GetBlobRange(container, name, bytesRange string, extraHeaders map[string]string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
	resp, err := b.getBlobRange(container, name, bytesRange, extraHeaders)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusPartialContent}); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp.body, nil
}

func (b BlobStorageClient) getBlobRange(container, name, bytesRange string, extraHeaders map[string]string) (*storageResponse, error) {
	verb := "GET"
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForBlob(container, name), url.Values{})

	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	if bytesRange != "" {
		headers["Range"] = fmt.Sprintf("bytes=%s", bytesRange)
	}

	for k, v := range extraHeaders {
		headers[k] = v
	}

	resp, err := b.client.exec(verb, uri, headers, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp, err
}

// GetBlobProperties provides various information about the specified
// blob. See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179394.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) GetBlobProperties(container, name string) (*BlobProperties, error) {
	verb := "HEAD"
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForBlob(container, name), url.Values{})

	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	resp, err := b.client.exec(verb, uri, headers, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()

	if err := checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusOK}); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var contentLength int64
	contentLengthStr := resp.headers.Get("Content-Length")
	if contentLengthStr != "" {
		contentLength, err = strconv.ParseInt(contentLengthStr, 0, 64)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	var sequenceNum int64
	sequenceNumStr := resp.headers.Get("x-ms-blob-sequence-number")
	if sequenceNumStr != "" {
		sequenceNum, err = strconv.ParseInt(sequenceNumStr, 0, 64)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	return &BlobProperties{
		LastModified:          resp.headers.Get("Last-Modified"),
		Etag:                  resp.headers.Get("Etag"),
		ContentMD5:            resp.headers.Get("Content-MD5"),
		ContentLength:         contentLength,
		ContentEncoding:       resp.headers.Get("Content-Encoding"),
		ContentType:           resp.headers.Get("Content-Type"),
		CacheControl:          resp.headers.Get("Cache-Control"),
		ContentLanguage:       resp.headers.Get("Content-Language"),
		SequenceNumber:        sequenceNum,
		CopyCompletionTime:    resp.headers.Get("x-ms-copy-completion-time"),
		CopyStatusDescription: resp.headers.Get("x-ms-copy-status-description"),
		CopyID:                resp.headers.Get("x-ms-copy-id"),
		CopyProgress:          resp.headers.Get("x-ms-copy-progress"),
		CopySource:            resp.headers.Get("x-ms-copy-source"),
		CopyStatus:            resp.headers.Get("x-ms-copy-status"),
		BlobType:              BlobType(resp.headers.Get("x-ms-blob-type")),
		LeaseStatus:           resp.headers.Get("x-ms-lease-status"),
	}, nil
}

// SetBlobProperties replaces the BlobHeaders for the specified blob.
//
// Some keys may be converted to Camel-Case before sending. All keys
// are returned in lower case by GetBlobProperties. HTTP header names
// are case-insensitive so case munging should not matter to other
// applications either.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/ee691966.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) SetBlobProperties(container, name string, blobHeaders BlobHeaders) error {
	params := url.Values{"comp": {"properties"}}
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForBlob(container, name), params)
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()

	extraHeaders := headersFromStruct(blobHeaders)

	for k, v := range extraHeaders {
		headers[k] = v
	}

	resp, err := b.client.exec("PUT", uri, headers, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()

	return checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusOK})
}

// SetBlobMetadata replaces the metadata for the specified blob.
//
// Some keys may be converted to Camel-Case before sending. All keys
// are returned in lower case by GetBlobMetadata. HTTP header names
// are case-insensitive so case munging should not matter to other
// applications either.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179414.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) SetBlobMetadata(container, name string, metadata map[string]string, extraHeaders map[string]string) error {
	params := url.Values{"comp": {"metadata"}}
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForBlob(container, name), params)
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	for k, v := range metadata {
		headers[userDefinedMetadataHeaderPrefix+k] = v
	}

	for k, v := range extraHeaders {
		headers[k] = v
	}

	resp, err := b.client.exec("PUT", uri, headers, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()

	return checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusOK})
}

// GetBlobMetadata returns all user-defined metadata for the specified blob.
//
// All metadata keys will be returned in lower case. (HTTP header
// names are case-insensitive.)
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179414.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) GetBlobMetadata(container, name string) (map[string]string, error) {
	params := url.Values{"comp": {"metadata"}}
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForBlob(container, name), params)
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()

	resp, err := b.client.exec("GET", uri, headers, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()

	if err := checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusOK}); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	metadata := make(map[string]string)
	for k, v := range resp.headers {
		// Can't trust CanonicalHeaderKey() to munge case
		// reliably. "_" is allowed in identifiers:
		// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179414.aspx
		// https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa664670(VS.71).aspx
		// http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2
		// ...but "_" is considered invalid by
		// CanonicalMIMEHeaderKey in
		// https://golang.org/src/net/textproto/reader.go?s=14615:14659#L542
		// so k can be "X-Ms-Meta-Foo" or "x-ms-meta-foo_bar".
		k = strings.ToLower(k)
		if len(v) == 0 || !strings.HasPrefix(k, strings.ToLower(userDefinedMetadataHeaderPrefix)) {
			continue
		}
		// metadata["foo"] = content of the last X-Ms-Meta-Foo header
		k = k[len(userDefinedMetadataHeaderPrefix):]
		metadata[k] = v[len(v)-1]
	}
	return metadata, nil
}

// CreateBlockBlob initializes an empty block blob with no blocks.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179451.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) CreateBlockBlob(container, name string) error {
	return b.CreateBlockBlobFromReader(container, name, 0, nil, nil)
}

// CreateBlockBlobFromReader initializes a block blob using data from
// reader. Size must be the number of bytes read from reader. To
// create an empty blob, use size==0 and reader==nil.
//
// The API rejects requests with size > 64 MiB (but this limit is not
// checked by the SDK). To write a larger blob, use CreateBlockBlob,
// PutBlock, and PutBlockList.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179451.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) CreateBlockBlobFromReader(container, name string, size uint64, blob io.Reader, extraHeaders map[string]string) error {
	path := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", container, name)
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, path, url.Values{})
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	headers["x-ms-blob-type"] = string(BlobTypeBlock)
	headers["Content-Length"] = fmt.Sprintf("%d", size)

	for k, v := range extraHeaders {
		headers[k] = v
	}

	resp, err := b.client.exec("PUT", uri, headers, blob)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()
	return checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusCreated})
}

// PutBlock saves the given data chunk to the specified block blob with
// given ID.
//
// The API rejects chunks larger than 4 MiB (but this limit is not
// checked by the SDK).
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd135726.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) PutBlock(container, name, blockID string, chunk []byte) error {
	return b.PutBlockWithLength(container, name, blockID, uint64(len(chunk)), bytes.NewReader(chunk), nil)
}

// PutBlockWithLength saves the given data stream of exactly specified size to
// the block blob with given ID. It is an alternative to PutBlocks where data
// comes as stream but the length is known in advance.
//
// The API rejects requests with size > 4 MiB (but this limit is not
// checked by the SDK).
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd135726.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) PutBlockWithLength(container, name, blockID string, size uint64, blob io.Reader, extraHeaders map[string]string) error {
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForBlob(container, name), url.Values{"comp": {"block"}, "blockid": {blockID}})
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	headers["x-ms-blob-type"] = string(BlobTypeBlock)
	headers["Content-Length"] = fmt.Sprintf("%v", size)

	for k, v := range extraHeaders {
		headers[k] = v
	}

	resp, err := b.client.exec("PUT", uri, headers, blob)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	defer resp.body.Close()
	return checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusCreated})
}

// PutBlockList saves list of blocks to the specified block blob.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179467.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) PutBlockList(container, name string, blocks []Block) error {
	blockListXML := prepareBlockListRequest(blocks)

	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForBlob(container, name), url.Values{"comp": {"blocklist"}})
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	headers["Content-Length"] = fmt.Sprintf("%v", len(blockListXML))

	resp, err := b.client.exec("PUT", uri, headers, strings.NewReader(blockListXML))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()
	return checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusCreated})
}

// GetBlockList retrieves list of blocks in the specified block blob.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179400.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) GetBlockList(container, name string, blockType BlockListType) (BlockListResponse, error) {
	params := url.Values{"comp": {"blocklist"}, "blocklisttype": {string(blockType)}}
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForBlob(container, name), params)
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()

	var out BlockListResponse
	resp, err := b.client.exec("GET", uri, headers, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()

	err = xmlUnmarshal(resp.body, &out)
	return out, err
}

// PutPageBlob initializes an empty page blob with specified name and maximum
// size in bytes (size must be aligned to a 512-byte boundary). A page blob must
// be created using this method before writing pages.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179451.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) PutPageBlob(container, name string, size int64, extraHeaders map[string]string) error {
	path := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", container, name)
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, path, url.Values{})
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	headers["x-ms-blob-type"] = string(BlobTypePage)
	headers["x-ms-blob-content-length"] = fmt.Sprintf("%v", size)

	for k, v := range extraHeaders {
		headers[k] = v
	}

	resp, err := b.client.exec("PUT", uri, headers, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()

	return checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusCreated})
}

// PutPage writes a range of pages to a page blob or clears the given range.
// In case of 'clear' writes, given chunk is discarded. Ranges must be aligned
// with 512-byte boundaries and chunk must be of size multiplies by 512.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee691975.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) PutPage(container, name string, startByte, endByte int64, writeType PageWriteType, chunk []byte, extraHeaders map[string]string) error {
	path := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", container, name)
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, path, url.Values{"comp": {"page"}})
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	headers["x-ms-blob-type"] = string(BlobTypePage)
	headers["x-ms-page-write"] = string(writeType)
	headers["x-ms-range"] = fmt.Sprintf("bytes=%v-%v", startByte, endByte)
	for k, v := range extraHeaders {
		headers[k] = v
	}
	var contentLength int64
	var data io.Reader
	if writeType == PageWriteTypeClear {
		contentLength = 0
		data = bytes.NewReader([]byte{})
	} else {
		contentLength = int64(len(chunk))
		data = bytes.NewReader(chunk)
	}
	headers["Content-Length"] = fmt.Sprintf("%v", contentLength)

	resp, err := b.client.exec("PUT", uri, headers, data)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()

	return checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusCreated})
}

// GetPageRanges returns the list of valid page ranges for a page blob.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/ee691973.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) GetPageRanges(container, name string) (GetPageRangesResponse, error) {
	path := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", container, name)
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, path, url.Values{"comp": {"pagelist"}})
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()

	var out GetPageRangesResponse
	resp, err := b.client.exec("GET", uri, headers, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()

	if err := checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusOK}); err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	err = xmlUnmarshal(resp.body, &out)
	return out, err
}

// PutAppendBlob initializes an empty append blob with specified name. An
// append blob must be created using this method before appending blocks.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179451.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) PutAppendBlob(container, name string, extraHeaders map[string]string) error {
	path := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", container, name)
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, path, url.Values{})
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	headers["x-ms-blob-type"] = string(BlobTypeAppend)

	for k, v := range extraHeaders {
		headers[k] = v
	}

	resp, err := b.client.exec("PUT", uri, headers, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()

	return checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusCreated})
}

// AppendBlock appends a block to an append blob.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/mt427365.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) AppendBlock(container, name string, chunk []byte, extraHeaders map[string]string) error {
	path := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", container, name)
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, path, url.Values{"comp": {"appendblock"}})
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	headers["x-ms-blob-type"] = string(BlobTypeAppend)
	headers["Content-Length"] = fmt.Sprintf("%v", len(chunk))

	for k, v := range extraHeaders {
		headers[k] = v
	}

	resp, err := b.client.exec("PUT", uri, headers, bytes.NewReader(chunk))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()

	return checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusCreated})
}

// CopyBlob starts a blob copy operation and waits for the operation to
// complete. sourceBlob parameter must be a canonical URL to the blob (can be
// obtained using GetBlobURL method.) There is no SLA on blob copy and therefore
// this helper method works faster on smaller files.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd894037.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) CopyBlob(container, name, sourceBlob string) error {
	copyID, err := b.startBlobCopy(container, name, sourceBlob)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return b.waitForBlobCopy(container, name, copyID)
}

func (b BlobStorageClient) startBlobCopy(container, name, sourceBlob string) (string, error) {
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForBlob(container, name), url.Values{})

	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	headers["x-ms-copy-source"] = sourceBlob

	resp, err := b.client.exec("PUT", uri, headers, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()

	if err := checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusAccepted, http.StatusCreated}); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	copyID := resp.headers.Get("x-ms-copy-id")
	if copyID == "" {
		return "", errors.New("Got empty copy id header")
	}
	return copyID, nil
}

func (b BlobStorageClient) waitForBlobCopy(container, name, copyID string) error {
	for {
		props, err := b.GetBlobProperties(container, name)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if props.CopyID != copyID {
			return errBlobCopyIDMismatch
		}

		switch props.CopyStatus {
		case blobCopyStatusSuccess:
			return nil
		case blobCopyStatusPending:
			continue
		case blobCopyStatusAborted:
			return errBlobCopyAborted
		case blobCopyStatusFailed:
			return fmt.Errorf("storage: blob copy failed. Id=%s Description=%s", props.CopyID, props.CopyStatusDescription)
		default:
			return fmt.Errorf("storage: unhandled blob copy status: '%s'", props.CopyStatus)
		}
	}
}

// DeleteBlob deletes the given blob from the specified container.
// If the blob does not exists at the time of the Delete Blob operation, it
// returns error. See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179413.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) DeleteBlob(container, name string, extraHeaders map[string]string) error {
	resp, err := b.deleteBlob(container, name, extraHeaders)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()
	return checkRespCode(resp.statusCode, []int{http.StatusAccepted})
}

// DeleteBlobIfExists deletes the given blob from the specified container If the
// blob is deleted with this call, returns true. Otherwise returns false.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dd179413.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) DeleteBlobIfExists(container, name string, extraHeaders map[string]string) (bool, error) {
	resp, err := b.deleteBlob(container, name, extraHeaders)
	if resp != nil && (resp.statusCode == http.StatusAccepted || resp.statusCode == http.StatusNotFound) {
		return resp.statusCode == http.StatusAccepted, nil
	}
	defer resp.body.Close()
	return false, err
}

func (b BlobStorageClient) deleteBlob(container, name string, extraHeaders map[string]string) (*storageResponse, error) {
	verb := "DELETE"
	uri := b.client.getEndpoint(blobServiceName, pathForBlob(container, name), url.Values{})
	headers := b.client.getStandardHeaders()
	for k, v := range extraHeaders {
		headers[k] = v
	}

	return b.client.exec(verb, uri, headers, nil)
}

// helper method to construct the path to a container given its name
func pathForContainer(name string) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("/%s", name)
}

// helper method to construct the path to a blob given its container and blob
// name
func pathForBlob(container, name string) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("/%s/%s", container, name)
}

// GetBlobSASURI creates an URL to the specified blob which contains the Shared
// Access Signature with specified permissions and expiration time.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/ee395415.aspx
func (b BlobStorageClient) GetBlobSASURI(container, name string, expiry time.Time, permissions string) (string, error) {
	var (
		signedPermissions = permissions
		blobURL           = b.GetBlobURL(container, name)
	)
	canonicalizedResource, err := b.client.buildCanonicalizedResource(blobURL)

	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	// "The canonicalizedresouce portion of the string is a canonical path to the signed resource.
	// It must include the service name (blob, table, queue or file) for version 2015-02-21 or
	// later, the storage account name, and the resource name, and must be URL-decoded.
	// -- https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dn140255.aspx

	// We need to replace + with %2b first to avoid being treated as a space (which is correct for query strings, but not the path component).
	canonicalizedResource = strings.Replace(canonicalizedResource, "+", "%2b", -1)

	canonicalizedResource, err = url.QueryUnescape(canonicalizedResource)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	signedExpiry := expiry.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
	signedResource := "b"

	stringToSign, err := blobSASStringToSign(b.client.apiVersion, canonicalizedResource, signedExpiry, signedPermissions)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	sig := b.client.computeHmac256(stringToSign)
	sasParams := url.Values{
		"sv":  {b.client.apiVersion},
		"se":  {signedExpiry},
		"sr":  {signedResource},
		"sp":  {signedPermissions},
		"sig": {sig},
	}

	sasURL, err := url.Parse(blobURL)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	sasURL.RawQuery = sasParams.Encode()
	return sasURL.String(), nil
}

func blobSASStringToSign(signedVersion, canonicalizedResource, signedExpiry, signedPermissions string) (string, error) {
	var signedStart, signedIdentifier, rscc, rscd, rsce, rscl, rsct string

	if signedVersion >= "2015-02-21" {
		canonicalizedResource = "/blob" + canonicalizedResource
	}

	// reference: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dn140255.aspx
	if signedVersion >= "2013-08-15" {
		return fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s", signedPermissions, signedStart, signedExpiry, canonicalizedResource, signedIdentifier, signedVersion, rscc, rscd, rsce, rscl, rsct), nil
	}
	return "", errors.New("storage: not implemented SAS for versions earlier than 2013-08-15")
}