Causal Impact

This repository is a Python version of Google's Causal Impact model with all functionalities fully ported and tested.

How it works

The main goal of the algorithm is to infer the expected effect a given intervention (or any action) had on some response variable by analyzing differences between expected and observed time series data.

Data is divided in two parts: the first one is what is known as the "pre-intervention" period and the concept of Bayesian Structural Time Series is used to fit a model that best explains what has been observed. The fitted model is used in the second part of data ("post-intervention" period) to forecast what the response would look like had the intervention not taken place. The inferences are based on the differences between observed response to the predicted one which yields the absolute and relative expected effect the intervention caused on data.

The model makes as assumption (which is recommended to be confirmed in your data) that the response variable can be precisely modeled by a linear regression with what is known as "covariates" (or X) that must not be affected by the intervention that took place (for instance, if a company wants to infer what impact a given marketing campaign will have on its "revenue", then its daily "visits" cannot be used as a covariate as probably the total visits might be affected by the campaign.

The model is more commonly used to infer the impact that marketing interventions have on businesses such as the expected revenue associated to a given campaign or even to assert more precisely the revenue a given channel brings in by completely turning it off (also known as "hold-out" tests). It's important to note though that the model can be extensively used in different areas and subjects; any intervention on time series data can potentially be modeled and inferences be made upon observed and predicted data.

Please refer to getting started in the examples folder for more information.

Instalation

pip install pycausalimpact

or (recommended):

pipenv install pycausalimpact

Requirements

• Python 3.6
• statsmodels 0.9.0
• matplotlib
• jinja2

Getting Started

We recommend this presentation by Kay Brodersen (one of the creators of the causal impact implementation in R).

We also created this introductory ipython notebook with examples of how to use the package.

Simple Example

Here's a simple example (which can also be found in the original Google's R implementation) running in python:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from statsmodels.tsa.arima_process import ArmaProcess
from causalimpact import CausalImpact


np.random.seed(12345)
ar = np.r_[1, 0.9]
ma = np.array([1])
arma_process = ArmaProcess(ar, ma)

X = 100 + arma_process.generate_sample(nsample=100)
y = 1.2 * X + np.random.normal(size=100)
y[70:] += 1
data = pd.DataFrame({'y': y, 'X': X}, columns=['y', 'X'])
pre_period = [0, 69]
post_period = [70, 99]

ci = CausalImpact(data, pre_period, post_period)

print(ci.summary())
ci.plot()

Contributing, Bugs, Questions

Contributions are more than welcome! If you want to propose new changes, fix bugs or improve something feel free to fork the repository and send us a Pull Request. You can also open new Issues for reporting bugs and general problems.