Merge pull request opencv#25297 from CNOCycle:tflite/transpose

Support Transpose op in TFlite opencv#25297

**Merge with extra**: opencv/opencv_extra#1168

The purpose of this PR is to introduce support for the Transpose op in TFlite format and to add a shape comparison between the output tensors and the references. In some occasional cases, the shape of the output tensor is `[1,4,1,1]`, while the shape of the reference tensor is `[1,4]`. Consequently, the norm check incorrectly reports that the test has passed, as the residual is zero.

Below is a Python script for generating testing data. The generated data can be integrated into the repo `opencv_extra`.

```python
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf

PREFIX_TFL = '/path/to/opencv_extra/testdata/dnn/tflite/'

def generator(input_tensor, model, saved_name):

    # convert keras model to .tflite format
    converter = tf.lite.TFLiteConverter.from_keras_model(model)
    #converter.optimizations = [tf.lite.Optimize.DEFAULT]
    converter.optimizations = [None]
    tflite_model = converter.convert()
    with open(f'{PREFIX_TFL}/{saved_name}.tflite', 'wb') as f:
        f.write(tflite_model)

    # save the input tensor to .npy
    if input_tensor.ndim == 4:
        opencv_tensor = np.transpose(input_tensor, (0,3,1,2))
    else:
        opencv_tensor = input_tensor
    opencv_tensor = np.copy(opencv_tensor, order='C').astype(np.float32)
    np.save(f'{PREFIX_TFL}/{saved_name}_inp.npy', opencv_tensor)

    # generate output tenosr and save it to .npy
    mat_out = model(input_tensor).numpy()
    mat_out = np.copy(mat_out, order='C').astype(np.float32)
    if mat_out.ndim == 4:
        mat_out = np.transpose(mat_out, (0,3,1,2))
    interpreter = tf.lite.Interpreter(model_content=tflite_model)
    out_name = interpreter.get_output_details()[0]['name']
    np.save(f'{PREFIX_TFL}/{saved_name}_out_{out_name}.npy', mat_out)

def build_transpose():

    model_name = "keras_permute"
    mat_in = np.array([[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]]], dtype=np.float32)

    model = tf.keras.Sequential()
    model.add(tf.keras.Input(shape=(2,3)))
    model.add(tf.keras.layers.Permute((2,1)))
    model.summary()

    generator(mat_in, model, model_name)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    build_transpose()
```

### Pull Request Readiness Checklist

- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [X] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [X] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [ ] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [ ] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
      Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [X] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

modules/dnn/src/tflite/tflite_importer.cpp

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ class TFLiteImporter {
     void parseFullyConnected(const Operator& op, const std::string& opcode, LayerParams& layerParams);
     void parseSoftmax(const Operator& op, const std::string& opcode, LayerParams& layerParams);
     void parseCast(const Operator& op, const std::string& opcode, LayerParams& layerParams);
+    void parseTranspose(const Operator& op, const std::string& opcode, LayerParams& layerParams);
 
     void parseFusedActivation(const Operator& op, ActivationFunctionType activ);
     void parseActivation(const Operator& op, const std::string& opcode, LayerParams& layerParams, bool isFused);
@@ -284,6 +285,7 @@ TFLiteImporter::DispatchMap TFLiteImporter::buildDispatchMap()
     dispatch["SOFTMAX"] = &TFLiteImporter::parseSoftmax;
     dispatch["CAST"] = &TFLiteImporter::parseCast;
     dispatch["TFLite_Detection_PostProcess"] = &TFLiteImporter::parseDetectionPostProcess;
+    dispatch["TRANSPOSE"] = &TFLiteImporter::parseTranspose;
     return dispatch;
 }
 
@@ -719,6 +721,49 @@ void TFLiteImporter::parseResize(const Operator& op, const std::string& opcode,
     addLayer(layerParams, op);
 }
 
+void TFLiteImporter::parseTranspose(const Operator& op, const std::string& opcode, LayerParams& layerParams)
+{
+    layerParams.type = "Permute";
+    std::vector<int> perm = allTensors[op.inputs()->Get(1)];
+
+    DataLayout inpLayout = layouts[op.inputs()->Get(0)];
+    if (inpLayout == DNN_LAYOUT_NHWC && perm.size() == 4) {
+
+        // OpenCV operates under the assumption that NCHW format, whereas TFLite defaults to NHWC.
+        // Therfore, to align these layouts, the axes of the permutation vector should be adjusted accordingly.
+        // For implementation details, please refer to the disscusion:
+        // https://github.com/opencv/opencv/pull/25297#issuecomment-2049762298
+
+        if (perm[0] != 0) {
+            CV_Error(Error::StsParseError, "The first axis should not be permuted.");
+        }
+        if (perm[1] == 1 && perm[2] == 2 && perm[3] == 3) {
+            std::vector<int> orderLP = {0, 1, 2, 3};
+            layerParams.set("order", DictValue::arrayInt<int*>(orderLP.data(), orderLP.size()));
+            layouts[op.outputs()->Get(0)] = DNN_LAYOUT_NCHW;
+        }
+        else if (perm[1] == 1 && perm[2] == 3 && perm[3] == 2) {
+            std::vector<int> orderLP = {0, 3, 2, 1};
+            layerParams.set("order", DictValue::arrayInt<int*>(orderLP.data(), orderLP.size()));
+        }
+        else if (perm[1] == 2 && perm[2] == 1 && perm[3] == 3) {
+            std::vector<int> orderLP = {0, 1, 3, 2};
+            layerParams.set("order", DictValue::arrayInt<int*>(orderLP.data(), orderLP.size()));
+            layouts[op.outputs()->Get(0)] = DNN_LAYOUT_NCHW;
+        }
+        else if (perm[1] == 2 && perm[2] == 3 && perm[3] == 1) {
+            std::vector<int> orderLP = {0, 2, 3, 1};
+            layerParams.set("order", DictValue::arrayInt<int*>(orderLP.data(), orderLP.size()));
+        }
+
+    }
+    else {
+        layerParams.set("order", DictValue::arrayInt<int*>(perm.data(), perm.size()));
+    }
+
+    addLayer(layerParams, op);
+}
+
 int TFLiteImporter::addPermuteLayer(const std::vector<int>& order, const std::string& permName,
                                     const std::pair<int, int>& inpId, int dtype)
 {

modules/dnn/test/test_tflite_importer.cpp

@@ -251,6 +251,15 @@ TEST_P(Test_TFLite, fully_connected) {
     testLayer("fully_connected");
 }
 
+TEST_P(Test_TFLite, permute) {
+    testLayer("permutation_3d");
+    // Temporarily disabled as TFLiteConverter produces a incorrect graph in this case
+    //testLayer("permutation_4d_0123");
+    testLayer("permutation_4d_0132");
+    testLayer("permutation_4d_0213");
+    testLayer("permutation_4d_0231");
+}
+
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(/**/, Test_TFLite, dnnBackendsAndTargets());
 
 }}  // namespace