Mobile,Desktop: Upgrade KaTeX to v0.16.10

[personalizedrefrigerator]

Summary

Updates KaTeX to version 0.16.10.

Testing

Relevant tests include:

joplin/packages/app-desktop/integration-tests/main.spec.ts

Line 43 in 7ee5cad

test('mermaid and KaTeX should render', async ({ mainWindow }) => {

joplin/packages/app-cli/tests/MdToHtml.ts

Line 300 in 7ee5cad

it('should render inline KaTeX after a numbered equation', async () => {

Manual testing:

1. Create a new note with content

   $$\texttt{Block TeX}$$
   
   Inline $\KaTeX$.
   
   

2. Select all, copy, paste, paste.
3. Repeat step 2 nine more times.
4. Verify that the note renders successfully.

This has been tested successfully on Ubuntu 24.04. Similar testing was done on Android 14, however, repeating step 2 fewer times.