jADM1

A Java implementation of the Anaerobic Digestion Model No 1 (ADM1).

Based on the Matlab code produced for the Benchmark Simulation Model No 2 (BSM2) produced by the International Water Association (IWA) Task Group on Benchmarking of Control Strategies for Wastewater Treatment Plants. The original ADM1 was developed by the IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes.

Modifications have been made to the hydrolysis structures and composite material has been removed as a state variable. The original model that can be validated using the BSM2 Matlab code is jADM1_BSM.

This work has been created at:

Lehrstuhl für Strömungsmechanik,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)

Usage of this model and more information regarding its modifications can be found in the following papers:

• Pettigrew, L., Gutbrod, A., Domes, H., Groß, F., Méndez-Contreras, J.M., Delgado, A. (2017). Modified ADM1 for high-rate anaerobic co-digestion of thermally pre-treated brewery surplus yeast wastewater. Water Science and Technology (in press). doi:10.2166/wst.2017.227
• Pettigrew, L., Hubert, S., Groß, F., Delgado, A. (2015). Implementation of Dynamic Biological Process Models into a Reference Net Simulation Environment. In 16. ASIM Dedicated Conference Simulation in Production and Logistics. Dortmund: Fraunhofer IRB Verlag.
• Pettigrew, L., Delgado, A. (2016). Neural Network Based Reinforcement Learning Control for Increased Methane Production in an Anaerobic Digestion System. In 3rd IWA Specialized International Conference „Ecotechnologies for Wastewater Treatment“ (ecoSTP16). Cambridge, UK.

Interface and Usage

A command line interface can be used to run simulations with the following command line arguments:

• -steady
  • Run steady state simulation, default setting uses parameters from BSM2 implementation
• -dynamic
  • Run dynamic simulation, default setting requires "digesterin.csv" exported from the BSM2 simulation (609 days with 15 minute intervals)
• -cont "filename"
  • Write continuous output model to CSV file
• -s 0.0
  • Start time (in days)
• -f 0.0
  • Finish time (in days)
• -in "filename"
  • Influent filename for steady (one line) or dynamic (multiple lines)
• -init "filename"
  • Reactor initial conditions filename
• -param "filename"
  • Reactor parameters filename
• -step 0.0
  • Step size for dynamic model influent (in days)
• -ode
  • Run as ODE (very slow!)
• -event 0 0.0 true
  • Add state event to the simulation to tell it when to stop, three variables: variable number, variable value, rising/falling (true/false)

For example, the default BSM2 200-day ADM1 steady state simulation can be run using the command

  		java -jar jADM1.jar -steady

CSV files contain the variable values in a ';' separated string. The influent file can contain 42 or 26 variables (BSM2 export).

0. monosaccharides (kg COD/m3)

1. amino acids (kg COD/m3)

2. total long chain fatty acids (LCFA) (kg COD/m3)

3. total valerate (kg COD/m3)

4. total butyrate (kg COD/m3)

5. total propionate (kg COD/m3)

6. total acetate (kg COD/m3)

7. hydrogen gas (kg COD/m3)

8. methane gas (kg COD/m3)

9. inorganic carbon (kmole C/m3)

10. inorganic nitrogen (kmole N/m3)

11. soluble inerts (kg COD/m3)

12. composites (kg COD/m3) *** Variable is not used ***

13. carbohydrates (kg COD/m3)

14. proteins (kg COD/m3)

15. lipids (kg COD/m3)

16. sugar degraders (kg COD/m3)

17. amino acid degraders (kg COD/m3)

18. LCFA degraders (kg COD/m3)

19. valerate and butyrate degraders (kg COD/m3)

20. propionate degraders (kg COD/m3)

21. acetate degraders (kg COD/m3)

22. hydrogen degraders (kg COD/m3)

23. particulate inerts (kg COD/m3)

24. cations (metallic ions, strong base) (kmole/m3)

25. anions (metallic ions, strong acid) (kmole/m3)

26. is actually Sva- = valerate (kg COD/m3)

27. is actually Sbu- = butyrate (kg COD/m3)

28. is actually Spro- = propionate (kg COD/m3)

29. is actually Sac- = acetate (kg COD/m3)

30. bicarbonate (kmole C/m3)

31. ammonia (kmole N/m3)

32. hydrogen concentration in gas phase (kg COD/m3)

33. methane concentration in gas phase (kg COD/m3)

34. carbon dioxide concentration in gas phase (kmole C/m3)

35. flow rate (m3/d) - Set by influent

36. temperature (deg C) - Set by digester

37. flow methane (m3/d)

38. flow biogas (m3/d)

39. pH

40. carbon dioxide gas (kg COD/m3)[g COD/L]

41. ammonium (kmole N/m3)

42. Particulate compound concentration composite (kg COD/m3) *** Variable is not used ***

43. Hydrolytic (disintegration) biomass concentration carbohydrate (kg COD/m3)

44. Hydrolytic (disintegration) biomass concentration protein (kg COD/m3)

45. Hydrolytic (disintegration) biomass concentration lipid (kg COD/m3)

46. Inorganic phosphorus (ADM1) (kmole P/m3) *** Not yet implemented ***

47. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (kg COD/m3) *** Not yet implemented ***

48. Polyphosphates (kg COD/m3) *** Not yet implemented ***

49. Phosphorus accumulating organisms (kg COD/m3) *** Not yet implemented ***

Dependencies

• Requires the Apache Commons Mathematics Library 3.5

Credits

Special thanks to Ulf Jeppsson, Christian Rosen and Darko Vrecko for use of their Matlab code of the ADM1, developed when (around 2004) they were all working together at the Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (IEA), Lund University, Sweden.

Referenced works:

• Batstone, D.J., Keller, J., Angelidaki, I., Kalyuzhnyi, S.V., Pavlostathis, S.G., Rozzi, A., Sanders, W.T.M., Siegrist, H. & Vavilin, V.A. (2002). Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1). IWA Scientific and Technical Report No 13, IWA Publishing, London, UK.
• Gernaey, K.V., Jeppsson, U., Vanrolleghem, P.A. & Copp, J.B. (2014). Benchmarking of Control Strategies for Wastewater Treatment Plants. IWA Scientific and Technical Report No. 23, IWA Publishing, London, UK.
• Ramirez, I., Mottet, A., Carrère, H., Déléris, S., Vedrenne, F., Steyer, J. (2009). Modified ADM1 disintegration/hydrolysis structures for modeling batch thermophilic anaerobic digestion of thermally pretreated waste activated sludge. Water Research 43, Nr. 14: 3479–92.
• Flores-Alsina, X., Solon, K., Mbamba, C.K., Tait, S., Gernaey, K.V., Jeppsson, U., Batstone, D.J. (2016). Modelling Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S) and Iron (Fe) Interactions for Dynamic Simulations of Anaerobic Digestion Processes. Water Research 95, 370–82.

License

Copyright 2016 Liam Pettigrew

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

  	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0        

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.